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The Level, Slope and Curve Factor Model for Stocks
The Level, Slope and Curve Factor Model for Stocks

... structure of stock returns. Which factors are the most important? Which factors should we be writing consumption based asset pricing models to explain? The procedure searches for the most economically important risk factors that are priced in the cross-section, and finds that the crosssection can be ...
17. The Greek letters
17. The Greek letters

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Chapter 7

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Thesis - Kyiv School of Economics
Thesis - Kyiv School of Economics

... are significant in liability equations. For all countries there is at least one real interest rate being significant. Hence, increase in external market return lead to increase in portfolio flows into the country. However, only for two countries domestic real interest rate is significant which sugge ...
Aggregation of risks and Allocation of capital
Aggregation of risks and Allocation of capital

Commodity markets (overview)
Commodity markets (overview)

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Hanno Lustig Yi-Li Chien
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Hanno Lustig Yi-Li Chien

... of risk and interest rates are i.i.d. over time when aggregate consumption growth is i.i.d. over time. This version of the model does not contribute any dynamics endogenously. As a result, the standard deviation of stock returns is obviously much too small in this two-agent model, since there is no ...
Value at Risk
Value at Risk

... • Regulators base the capital they require banks to keep on VaR • The market-risk capital is k times the 10day 99% VaR where k is at least 3.0 ...
CFRM 546 - 0404
CFRM 546 - 0404

... [00:19:34.06] Now, the distribution of the loss at time t plus 1 is the loss distribution, distribution function fl, or simply f. Recall fl of x equals probability of all those [INAUDIBLE], omega slash debt l omega, OK? OK, so this is a set, and this is the measure to measure. This is a probability ...
Liquidity measures, liquidity drivers and expected returns on an
Liquidity measures, liquidity drivers and expected returns on an

... developed markets a century afterwards (Gehrig and Fohlin 2006). The substantially shorter business cycles in Imperial Germany are found and discussed in Burhop and Wolff (2005). We use daily stock returns of a sample of 27 stocks, included into the index described in Gelman and Burhop (2008), to ca ...
RP 2011-45 - Department of Economics and Business Economics
RP 2011-45 - Department of Economics and Business Economics

... variation in equity returns is a core pursuit in empirical asset pricing. In their seminal contribution Fama and French (1993) …nd that the cross section of stock returns is well explained by a simple linear three-factor model comprised of a broad market premium, the spread between small and big mar ...
Leverage Cycles and the Anxious Economy
Leverage Cycles and the Anxious Economy

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Unanswered Questions In The Clinical M.S. Trials
Unanswered Questions In The Clinical M.S. Trials

... group may yield high RRR yet they ...
USE4 - cloudfront.net
USE4 - cloudfront.net

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Is there a “Right Time” to Buy High Yield?
Is there a “Right Time” to Buy High Yield?

Asset Turnover and the Cross-Section of Stock
Asset Turnover and the Cross-Section of Stock

Joint Dynamics of Bond and Stock Returns - Wisconsin-School
Joint Dynamics of Bond and Stock Returns - Wisconsin-School

... is similar to “two trees” in Cochrane et al. (2008) and operates through discount-rate effects induced by general equilibrium market clearing. Unlike “two trees,” however, the rebalancing mechanism endogenizes the size of technologies and the aggregate risk-taking decision. To generate a positive co ...
debt to equity ratio, degree of operating leverage
debt to equity ratio, degree of operating leverage

Will the true marginal investor please stand up?: Asset prices with
Will the true marginal investor please stand up?: Asset prices with

... with different transaction costs and prices. Every column except column 3 is taken directly from Table 1 of Amihud and Mendelson (1986, p.229). Thus in this solution each of the four investor-types is a marginal investor for at least two assets. The Amihud and Mendelson solution is depicted graphica ...
The Cross-Section and Time Series of Stock and Bond Returns
The Cross-Section and Time Series of Stock and Bond Returns

... forward-looking investor, it is natural that investors assign them a positive risk price. The second contribution is to attribute these different bond exposures to differences in the underlying cash flow dynamics. We find that value stocks experience negative cash-flow shocks in economic downturns. ...
IMPACT OF TIME VARYING DISTRIBUTIONAL PARAMETERS ON
IMPACT OF TIME VARYING DISTRIBUTIONAL PARAMETERS ON

... frontier with chosen efficient portfolio is used as a benchmark. Using EWMA and DCCGARCH(1,1) methods two efficient frontiers with time-varying covariance matrixes are calculated. Near to that, 24 months rolling window method is applied for Markowitz, EWMA and DCC-GARCH(1,1) estimated efficient port ...
Historical cost measurement and the use of DuPont analysis by
Historical cost measurement and the use of DuPont analysis by

... That is, changes in the historical cost bias in asset values affect the extent to which asset turnover forecasts are mispriced by investors. In additional analyses we first provide some preliminary international evidence to generalize our findings and to investigate the role of inflation, which, ba ...
Vanguard Personal Advisor Services Brochure
Vanguard Personal Advisor Services Brochure

... your Portfolio as well as accounts held outside of the Portfolio. The Ongoing Service also offers an online experience that includes web content based on your goals and provides personalized reporting. The online experience is accessed by logging on to your account at vanguard.com. Certain account r ...
Leverage Cycles and The Anxious Economy.
Leverage Cycles and The Anxious Economy.

... to borrow money more easily. The other side of the coin, is that investors who need to raise cash get more by selling those assets on which they did not borrow money because the sales revenues net of loan repayments are higher. The model provides the following testable implication. We show that even ...
The Volatility of the Price of Gold: An Application of Extreme Value
The Volatility of the Price of Gold: An Application of Extreme Value

... are concerned about the heavy tail of the financial time series. Those rare but plausible events could cause significant damage to society and have a strong negative impact on the livelihood of economic agents. Many conventional models failed to model those irregular events properly. Past literature ...
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Modern portfolio theory

Modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a theory of finance that attempts to maximize portfolio expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected return, by carefully choosing the proportions of various assets. Although MPT is widely used in practice in the financial industry and several of its creators won a Nobel memorial prize for the theory, in recent years the basic assumptions of MPT have been widely challenged by fields such as behavioral economics.MPT is a mathematical formulation of the concept of diversification in investing, with the aim of selecting a collection of investment assets that has lower overall risk than any other combination of assets with the same expected return. This is possible, intuitively speaking, because different types of assets sometimes change in value in opposite directions. For example, to the extent prices in the stock market move differently from prices in the bond market, a combination of both types of assets can in theory generate lower overall risk than either individually. Diversification can lower risk even if assets' returns are positively correlated.More technically, MPT models an asset's return as a normally or elliptically distributed random variable, defines risk as the standard deviation of return, and models a portfolio as a weighted combination of assets, so that the return of a portfolio is the weighted combination of the assets' returns. By combining different assets whose returns are not perfectly positively correlated, MPT seeks to reduce the total variance of the portfolio return. MPT also assumes that investors are rational and markets are efficient.MPT was developed in the 1950s through the early 1970s and was considered an important advance in the mathematical modeling of finance. Since then, some theoretical and practical criticisms have been leveled against it. These include evidence that financial returns do not follow a normal distribution or indeed any symmetric distribution, and that correlations between asset classes are not fixed but can vary depending on external events (especially in crises). Further, there remains evidence that investors are not rational and markets may not be efficient. Finally, the low volatility anomaly conflicts with CAPM's trade-off assumption of higher risk for higher return. It states that a portfolio consisting of low volatility equities (like blue chip stocks) reaps higher risk-adjusted returns than a portfolio with high volatility equities (like illiquid penny stocks). A study conducted by Myron Scholes, Michael Jensen, and Fischer Black in 1972 suggests that the relationship between return and beta might be flat or even negatively correlated.
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