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The impact of stock recommendations given on Dutch television
The impact of stock recommendations given on Dutch television

Expected Returns on Major Asset Classes
Expected Returns on Major Asset Classes

14. Capital Budgeting Under Uncertainty
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... Stochastic volatility models were developed as it became apparent that the Black Scholes option pricing formula exhibits pricing biases across moneyness and maturity. In particular, the Black Scholes formula underprices deep out-of-themoney puts and calls. Further, empirical evidence suggests that ...
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... higher, and is measured relative to other managers rather than based on absolute performance: unless a young hedge fund manager’s returns are in the top third of managers, his probability of failure is significantly higher than that of an older manager. In other words, young hedge fund managers have ...
Package `maRketSim`
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... Create a market object. Inside a market object must be one or more market-specific objects. Currently this means inside a market object must be a market.bond object holding timing and interest rate information. Eventually market objects will be able to hold market.stock objects as well. Usage market ...
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... ply it to analyze the impact on bank risk-taking of increased capital requirements, capital-based premia differentials, and risk-based capital requirements. The model yields a variety of interesting implications in regard to the choice of bank portfolios and the efficacy of capital-based regulation ...
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Teaching Spreadsheet Simulation

... Risk is not the same as just being uncertain about something, and is not just the possibility of a bad outcome. ...
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... Economics, since, at least, Keynes’ observation of the required “Animal Spirits” to take risks. CAPM assumes the existence of two kinds of risk, the stock’s idiosyncratic risk, and the whole market risk. CAPM’s main idea is that because idiosyncratic risks are diversifiable, one should not expect to ...
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... beta stocks experience lower absolute returns than suggested by the CAPM, whereas low beta stocks deliver higher absolute returns than the CAPM predicts. In other words, this means that the security market line which describes the relationship between risk and expected return was too flat relative t ...
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... status, we have personality trait scores. We relate this detailed information on personal characteristics to risk aversion measures. We find interesting results showing how personal characteristics influence risk behavior. As far as we know, we are the first to explore these relationships using the ...
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... of return predictability and wealth shocks can generate liquidity premia up to 42 times larger than in the standard i.i.d. return case. When returns are predictable, the unconditional distribution of the wealth shocks is always the same as that for the i.i.d. shocks. The liquidity premium is largest ...
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... Except in the case of JPMPI, the Portfolio Manager (or its agent) to a Client’s Account is designated to receive and act on Client’s behalf, all shareholder communications (including, but not limited to, proxy statements and other proxy solicitation materials, annual reports and semi-annual reports) ...
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... testable propositions about a market in which investors engage in style investing. I test three of these propositions: i) asset-level and style-level momentum strategies are profitable, ii) the existence of popular styles cause individual assets to exhibit momentum, and iii) assets that belong to th ...
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... i.e. investors building a leveraged position in securities using loans that are collateralised by the securities that are purchased. The margin requirement dictates how much investors can borrow against these securities. The FRB established Regulation T to set minimum margin requirements for such pa ...
Common Factors in Return Seasonalities
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... consider the seasonality in stock returns as a function of firm size. Small stocks tend to outperform large stocks in January, so firms’ historical January returns are noisy signals of their sizes. A sort of stocks into portfolios by their past January returns thus predicts variation in future Janua ...
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Modern portfolio theory

Modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a theory of finance that attempts to maximize portfolio expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected return, by carefully choosing the proportions of various assets. Although MPT is widely used in practice in the financial industry and several of its creators won a Nobel memorial prize for the theory, in recent years the basic assumptions of MPT have been widely challenged by fields such as behavioral economics.MPT is a mathematical formulation of the concept of diversification in investing, with the aim of selecting a collection of investment assets that has lower overall risk than any other combination of assets with the same expected return. This is possible, intuitively speaking, because different types of assets sometimes change in value in opposite directions. For example, to the extent prices in the stock market move differently from prices in the bond market, a combination of both types of assets can in theory generate lower overall risk than either individually. Diversification can lower risk even if assets' returns are positively correlated.More technically, MPT models an asset's return as a normally or elliptically distributed random variable, defines risk as the standard deviation of return, and models a portfolio as a weighted combination of assets, so that the return of a portfolio is the weighted combination of the assets' returns. By combining different assets whose returns are not perfectly positively correlated, MPT seeks to reduce the total variance of the portfolio return. MPT also assumes that investors are rational and markets are efficient.MPT was developed in the 1950s through the early 1970s and was considered an important advance in the mathematical modeling of finance. Since then, some theoretical and practical criticisms have been leveled against it. These include evidence that financial returns do not follow a normal distribution or indeed any symmetric distribution, and that correlations between asset classes are not fixed but can vary depending on external events (especially in crises). Further, there remains evidence that investors are not rational and markets may not be efficient. Finally, the low volatility anomaly conflicts with CAPM's trade-off assumption of higher risk for higher return. It states that a portfolio consisting of low volatility equities (like blue chip stocks) reaps higher risk-adjusted returns than a portfolio with high volatility equities (like illiquid penny stocks). A study conducted by Myron Scholes, Michael Jensen, and Fischer Black in 1972 suggests that the relationship between return and beta might be flat or even negatively correlated.
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