Frontiers in Microbiology
... organisms have DNA repair systems that cope with damage to their DNA caused by radiation from the sun, chemicals in the environment, and mistakes made by the cell’s replication machinery. There are limits to how much DNA damage can be repaired. D. radiodurans starts off with an advantage by having m ...
... organisms have DNA repair systems that cope with damage to their DNA caused by radiation from the sun, chemicals in the environment, and mistakes made by the cell’s replication machinery. There are limits to how much DNA damage can be repaired. D. radiodurans starts off with an advantage by having m ...
Effect of Citrus aurantifolia juice on the shelf
... African countries. There is increase in the demand for Zobo drinks due to its low price, nutritional and medicinal properties (Oboh and Elusiyan, 2004; Osueke and Ehirim, 2004). The shelf- life of Zobo is approximately twenty-four hours following production if not refrigerated. The spoilage may be a ...
... African countries. There is increase in the demand for Zobo drinks due to its low price, nutritional and medicinal properties (Oboh and Elusiyan, 2004; Osueke and Ehirim, 2004). The shelf- life of Zobo is approximately twenty-four hours following production if not refrigerated. The spoilage may be a ...
Bacterial
... 12 and 15 mL per Petri dish). Replace the lid immediately and tilt the plate to spread the agar. 4. Pour a second plate in the same way. Label both plates so that you know that they contain plain LB agar. Note: If you wish to pour a few more stock plates of plain LB agar for class use, you may do s ...
... 12 and 15 mL per Petri dish). Replace the lid immediately and tilt the plate to spread the agar. 4. Pour a second plate in the same way. Label both plates so that you know that they contain plain LB agar. Note: If you wish to pour a few more stock plates of plain LB agar for class use, you may do s ...
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... extraction of DNA and is also one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide [4]. Because of their widespread use, surfactants are released in abundance into the environment, particularly in wastewaters. As a result, surfactants represent potential toxicants to organisms inhabiting activa ...
... extraction of DNA and is also one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide [4]. Because of their widespread use, surfactants are released in abundance into the environment, particularly in wastewaters. As a result, surfactants represent potential toxicants to organisms inhabiting activa ...
Uti caused by gram positive rods
... (+) cocci formed. Adult UTI This document was amended in July 2016 to reflect literature that was released since the original publication of this content in March 2013. Streptococci are gram-positive aerobic organisms that cause many disorders, including pharyngitis, pneumonia, wound and skin infect ...
... (+) cocci formed. Adult UTI This document was amended in July 2016 to reflect literature that was released since the original publication of this content in March 2013. Streptococci are gram-positive aerobic organisms that cause many disorders, including pharyngitis, pneumonia, wound and skin infect ...
Procaryotic Cell Structure and Function
... Red Sea brown surgeonfish, Acanthurus nigrofuscus, they suggested in their 1985 publication that it was a protist. It seemed too large to be anything else. In 1993 Esther Angert, Kendall Clemens, and Norman Pace used rRNA sequence comparisons to identify the microorganism, now called Epulopiscium fi ...
... Red Sea brown surgeonfish, Acanthurus nigrofuscus, they suggested in their 1985 publication that it was a protist. It seemed too large to be anything else. In 1993 Esther Angert, Kendall Clemens, and Norman Pace used rRNA sequence comparisons to identify the microorganism, now called Epulopiscium fi ...
QUORUM SENSING: Cell-to-Cell Communication in Bacteria
... cells. In bacteria, chemical communication involves producing, releasing, detecting, and responding to small hormone-like molecules termed autoinducers. This process, termed quorum sensing, allows bacteria to monitor the environment for other bacteria and to alter behavior on a population-wide scale ...
... cells. In bacteria, chemical communication involves producing, releasing, detecting, and responding to small hormone-like molecules termed autoinducers. This process, termed quorum sensing, allows bacteria to monitor the environment for other bacteria and to alter behavior on a population-wide scale ...
Influence of Menstruation on the Microbiota of Healthy Women`s
... an important role in preventing infections. These microorganisms produce large amounts of lactic acid during growth in the vagina, thereby maintaining its acidity. Furthermore, these bacteria inhibit the growth of many pathogenic organisms by producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (3). Several attempts ...
... an important role in preventing infections. These microorganisms produce large amounts of lactic acid during growth in the vagina, thereby maintaining its acidity. Furthermore, these bacteria inhibit the growth of many pathogenic organisms by producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (3). Several attempts ...
Successful Holistic Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Gut Infection
... Clostridium difficile (klos-TRID-e-uhm dif-uh-SEEL), often called C. difficile or C. diff, is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Illness from C. difficile typically occurs after use of broad-spectr ...
... Clostridium difficile (klos-TRID-e-uhm dif-uh-SEEL), often called C. difficile or C. diff, is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Illness from C. difficile typically occurs after use of broad-spectr ...
Microbiology of sauerkraut fermentation
... Remove damaged parts and core, shred, or sort by size ...
... Remove damaged parts and core, shred, or sort by size ...
Correlations Between Bacterial Ecology and
... Despite their highly reduced genomes, obligate intracellular bacteria that host switch could have a greater propensity for experiencing diverse gene pools because they can move between different hosts, often have the genetic repertoire to facilitate recombination of mobile elements, and tend not to ...
... Despite their highly reduced genomes, obligate intracellular bacteria that host switch could have a greater propensity for experiencing diverse gene pools because they can move between different hosts, often have the genetic repertoire to facilitate recombination of mobile elements, and tend not to ...
Proposal Summary - Clarkson University
... per second. However, it is also remarkably selective; it allows only one sodium ion to pass for every ten thousand potassium ions. The gating domains open and shut the channel through structural mechanisms based on different signals, such as voltage or the presence of key signaling molecules (Shealy ...
... per second. However, it is also remarkably selective; it allows only one sodium ion to pass for every ten thousand potassium ions. The gating domains open and shut the channel through structural mechanisms based on different signals, such as voltage or the presence of key signaling molecules (Shealy ...
Bacterial Cell Structure
... two planes to form square groups of four cells called tetrads. In the genus Sarcina, cocci divide in three planes, producing cubical packets of eight cells. Bacillus megaterium is an example of a bacterium with a rod shape (figure 3.1c). Rods, sometimes called bacilli (s., bacillus), differ consider ...
... two planes to form square groups of four cells called tetrads. In the genus Sarcina, cocci divide in three planes, producing cubical packets of eight cells. Bacillus megaterium is an example of a bacterium with a rod shape (figure 3.1c). Rods, sometimes called bacilli (s., bacillus), differ consider ...
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... MDR strains. These isolates showed high level of resistance against cefotaxime (78.6%), gentamicin (63%), and ofloxacin (70%), which was in harmony with the previous study that reported resistance of 90.5% to cefotaxime, 89% to gentamicin, and 65.8% to ciprofloxacin (Coudron, 2005). High level of dr ...
... MDR strains. These isolates showed high level of resistance against cefotaxime (78.6%), gentamicin (63%), and ofloxacin (70%), which was in harmony with the previous study that reported resistance of 90.5% to cefotaxime, 89% to gentamicin, and 65.8% to ciprofloxacin (Coudron, 2005). High level of dr ...
THE MECHANISM OF BACTERIOSTASIS.* The effect of bactericidal
... certain obvious limits this principle is a sound one. The term bacteriostatic is more conservative than bactericidal, and it is the one that should generally be used, for the great majority of experiments in this field, which are supposed to prove that the chemical substance under study has killed t ...
... certain obvious limits this principle is a sound one. The term bacteriostatic is more conservative than bactericidal, and it is the one that should generally be used, for the great majority of experiments in this field, which are supposed to prove that the chemical substance under study has killed t ...
Fewidobacterium gondwanense sp. nov., a New Thermophilic
... channels by scooping material into sterile glass containers. In all cases, the containers were completely filled and capped tightly. Temperatures were determined in situ during sample collection. A total of 44 samples, whose temperatures ranged from 31 to 8 8 T , were collected. The samples were tra ...
... channels by scooping material into sterile glass containers. In all cases, the containers were completely filled and capped tightly. Temperatures were determined in situ during sample collection. A total of 44 samples, whose temperatures ranged from 31 to 8 8 T , were collected. The samples were tra ...
SWI protocols
... Determining microbial counts for liquid and solid samples is a common practice in the lab; whether it is to quantify the biomass of a soil sample, calculate an antibiotic’s minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) or the population density in a liquid culture. In most environmental samples, bacteria a ...
... Determining microbial counts for liquid and solid samples is a common practice in the lab; whether it is to quantify the biomass of a soil sample, calculate an antibiotic’s minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) or the population density in a liquid culture. In most environmental samples, bacteria a ...
Antimicrobial efficacy of the Clave® Connector using silver
... the United States.1 Although the attributable mortality due to CRBSIs is not clear, these infections have been associated with higher costs, mortality rates, and number of hospital days.1,2 Microbial ingress is among the circumstances that risk the safe use of catheters. The Centers for Medicare & M ...
... the United States.1 Although the attributable mortality due to CRBSIs is not clear, these infections have been associated with higher costs, mortality rates, and number of hospital days.1,2 Microbial ingress is among the circumstances that risk the safe use of catheters. The Centers for Medicare & M ...
Results of Bacterial Culture and Sensitivity Testing From
... CSG were Pasteurella multocida, which were found more frequently in young rabbits. The second more frequent bacteria isolated in the CSG was Enterobacter cloacae. The bacteria isolated in the CSG seem to act as opportunistic pathogens (due to the lack of strain identification tests, it was impossibl ...
... CSG were Pasteurella multocida, which were found more frequently in young rabbits. The second more frequent bacteria isolated in the CSG was Enterobacter cloacae. The bacteria isolated in the CSG seem to act as opportunistic pathogens (due to the lack of strain identification tests, it was impossibl ...
Molecular Biosciences 305: The Diversity of
... important to the sulfur cycle. If you think about it sulfur is required for protein folding, correct structure of protein, disulfide bonds, and again has also been recognized as a genera. So the desulfovibrios have been studies, they are gram-negative curved rods, some of them are also found in the ...
... important to the sulfur cycle. If you think about it sulfur is required for protein folding, correct structure of protein, disulfide bonds, and again has also been recognized as a genera. So the desulfovibrios have been studies, they are gram-negative curved rods, some of them are also found in the ...
Bacteria Oxygen Requirements
... When water is added to the pouch, the sodium borohydride, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid react to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The palladium catalyzes a reaction between the hydrogen and the oxygen within the jar; this reaction creates water, which forms as condensation on the inside of ...
... When water is added to the pouch, the sodium borohydride, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid react to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The palladium catalyzes a reaction between the hydrogen and the oxygen within the jar; this reaction creates water, which forms as condensation on the inside of ...
The roots of microbiology and the influence of Ferdinand Cohn on
... Georg Ernst Stahl (1660^1734) by determining the weights of products from chemical reactions. Oxygen, dinitrogen, and carbon dioxide were discovered as components of air. Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778^1850) isolated the metals of the alkaline-earth group and formulated the law of combining volumes of gase ...
... Georg Ernst Stahl (1660^1734) by determining the weights of products from chemical reactions. Oxygen, dinitrogen, and carbon dioxide were discovered as components of air. Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778^1850) isolated the metals of the alkaline-earth group and formulated the law of combining volumes of gase ...
Bacteria
Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, ""You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.""Most bacteria have not been characterized, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and some are beneficial. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, and the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.