Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Apr
... residues are absorbed or inactivated; the drug may alter the dominant anaerobic microflora; and the ecological conditions are strict anaerobiosis, low flow rate, and limiting substrate (3). There is good evidence that bacteria multiply much more slowly in an experimental animal than in vitro. The ge ...
... residues are absorbed or inactivated; the drug may alter the dominant anaerobic microflora; and the ecological conditions are strict anaerobiosis, low flow rate, and limiting substrate (3). There is good evidence that bacteria multiply much more slowly in an experimental animal than in vitro. The ge ...
MICROBIOLOGY PRACTICAL GUIDE (A) 2010
... 3) often in the enumeration and isolation of bacteria from a mixed population by diluting the original bacteria suspension and spreading a small inoculum over the surface of the solidified medium and 4) to observe specific biochemical reactions (extracellular enzymes diffusing away from the colony c ...
... 3) often in the enumeration and isolation of bacteria from a mixed population by diluting the original bacteria suspension and spreading a small inoculum over the surface of the solidified medium and 4) to observe specific biochemical reactions (extracellular enzymes diffusing away from the colony c ...
Nitrogen fixation in microbial biotechnology
... Nitrogen fixation in cereal crops http://www.producer.com/2014/04/the-search-for-the -holy-grail-nitrogen-fixation-in-cereal-crops/ This article discusses efforts to effectively use microbial nitrogen fixation to boost the growth of cereal crops ...
... Nitrogen fixation in cereal crops http://www.producer.com/2014/04/the-search-for-the -holy-grail-nitrogen-fixation-in-cereal-crops/ This article discusses efforts to effectively use microbial nitrogen fixation to boost the growth of cereal crops ...
HALOMONAS HYDROTHERMALIS PRODUCING A CLASS-A β-LACTAMASE, ISOLATED FROM KUMTA COAST Research Article
... In general, class-A enzymes are susceptible to the commercially available β-lactamase inhibitors38 (clavulanate, tazobactam, and sulbactam). Cefpodoxime is highly stable in the presence of βlactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms, which produce βlactamase and are therefore resistant to penici ...
... In general, class-A enzymes are susceptible to the commercially available β-lactamase inhibitors38 (clavulanate, tazobactam, and sulbactam). Cefpodoxime is highly stable in the presence of βlactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms, which produce βlactamase and are therefore resistant to penici ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... interbacterial quorum signals, the accumulation of toxic products and the change in the local micro environment. These so called persister cells are not resistant to antibiotics per se, but become resistant when associated with the biofilm.24 The overall healthcare mechanisms of the underlying antim ...
... interbacterial quorum signals, the accumulation of toxic products and the change in the local micro environment. These so called persister cells are not resistant to antibiotics per se, but become resistant when associated with the biofilm.24 The overall healthcare mechanisms of the underlying antim ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... acid position in a protein. Unequal mutation rates between different species can lead to long branch attraction effects. However, a greater issue is the degree to which horizontal gene transfers between the Domains of life have affected the actual viability of constructing a definitive universal tre ...
... acid position in a protein. Unequal mutation rates between different species can lead to long branch attraction effects. However, a greater issue is the degree to which horizontal gene transfers between the Domains of life have affected the actual viability of constructing a definitive universal tre ...
Bacteriophage One-step Growth Curve A bacteriophage is a virus
... no phage free in the medium. Each plaque measured will arise from one infected bacterium. As these infected bacteria begin to lyse and release phage into the medium, plaques will result both from infected cells and from free phage. Because of the way this experiment is begun, with unadsorbed phage b ...
... no phage free in the medium. Each plaque measured will arise from one infected bacterium. As these infected bacteria begin to lyse and release phage into the medium, plaques will result both from infected cells and from free phage. Because of the way this experiment is begun, with unadsorbed phage b ...
Viral Infections of Special Concern Viroids and Prions
... by using the Gram stain procedure, which was developed in the late 1880s by Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist. Even today, the Gram stain is usually the first test used in the identification of unknown bacteria. Grampositive bacteria retain a dye-iodine complex and appear purple under the ...
... by using the Gram stain procedure, which was developed in the late 1880s by Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist. Even today, the Gram stain is usually the first test used in the identification of unknown bacteria. Grampositive bacteria retain a dye-iodine complex and appear purple under the ...
Nitrogen cycle and blue green algae (1) - Wageningen UR E
... factor 6.2 this 10 % means roughly 60 % protein for algal cells. If the algae contain more fat than normal (certain diatoms in a state of starvation and for synchronised algae during certain stages of their life cycle) the hydrogen content may be increased. The formula is useful inso far as it enabl ...
... factor 6.2 this 10 % means roughly 60 % protein for algal cells. If the algae contain more fat than normal (certain diatoms in a state of starvation and for synchronised algae during certain stages of their life cycle) the hydrogen content may be increased. The formula is useful inso far as it enabl ...
Salmonellosis Associated with Reptiles
... What animals get reptileassociated salmonellosis? Most reptiles can carry Salmonella and these bacteria have been seen in turtles, snakes, iguanas, and lizards. Evidence is increasing that amphibians (e.g. frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders) can also carry and spread salmonellosis to humans. ...
... What animals get reptileassociated salmonellosis? Most reptiles can carry Salmonella and these bacteria have been seen in turtles, snakes, iguanas, and lizards. Evidence is increasing that amphibians (e.g. frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders) can also carry and spread salmonellosis to humans. ...
Determination of the Gram Type Using the Reaction
... medium with peptone, yeast extract and glucose was employed. Incubation withpolymyxin B. Bacteria were suspended in 1 ml10 mM-Tris/HClbuffer, pH 7.2, which, in the case of halophilic bacteria, was supplemented with up to 25% (w/v) NaCl to prevent lysis. Samples (0.25 ml) of this suspension were incu ...
... medium with peptone, yeast extract and glucose was employed. Incubation withpolymyxin B. Bacteria were suspended in 1 ml10 mM-Tris/HClbuffer, pH 7.2, which, in the case of halophilic bacteria, was supplemented with up to 25% (w/v) NaCl to prevent lysis. Samples (0.25 ml) of this suspension were incu ...
Microbiology Abstracts 1 Judges, please do NOT pre
... Have you ever wondered whether hand sanitizer really does kill 99.99% of bacteria? Almost all hand sanitizer brands claim that their hand sanitizer can kill 99.99% of bacteria. One bacteria called Staphylococcus was difficult to kill until 1928 when Alexander Fleming found that Penicillium, a mold t ...
... Have you ever wondered whether hand sanitizer really does kill 99.99% of bacteria? Almost all hand sanitizer brands claim that their hand sanitizer can kill 99.99% of bacteria. One bacteria called Staphylococcus was difficult to kill until 1928 when Alexander Fleming found that Penicillium, a mold t ...
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
... Alteration of host defence due to immune deficits or anatomical defects also increase the risk of bacterial meningitis from less common pathogens such as, Staphylococcus aureua , Coagulase negative staphylococci,Pseudomonas, Proteus and Salmonella species.5 ...
... Alteration of host defence due to immune deficits or anatomical defects also increase the risk of bacterial meningitis from less common pathogens such as, Staphylococcus aureua , Coagulase negative staphylococci,Pseudomonas, Proteus and Salmonella species.5 ...
Determination of the Gram Type Using the Reaction Between
... medium with peptone, yeast extract and glucose was employed. Incubation withpolymyxin B. Bacteria were suspended in 1 ml10 mM-Tris/HClbuffer, pH 7.2, which, in the case of halophilic bacteria, was supplemented with up to 25% (w/v) NaCl to prevent lysis. Samples (0.25 ml) of this suspension were incu ...
... medium with peptone, yeast extract and glucose was employed. Incubation withpolymyxin B. Bacteria were suspended in 1 ml10 mM-Tris/HClbuffer, pH 7.2, which, in the case of halophilic bacteria, was supplemented with up to 25% (w/v) NaCl to prevent lysis. Samples (0.25 ml) of this suspension were incu ...
The Effects of Variables on Microbial Growth in Wastewater
... 2. Organize students into laboratory groups of four. Students are to complete the following procedures for sampling and viewing the representative organisms. a) Half fill each of six culture dishes with boiled pond or spring water. Label the dishes A through F. With a dropper, add ten drops of each ...
... 2. Organize students into laboratory groups of four. Students are to complete the following procedures for sampling and viewing the representative organisms. a) Half fill each of six culture dishes with boiled pond or spring water. Label the dishes A through F. With a dropper, add ten drops of each ...
The Effects of Variables on Microbial Growth in Wastewater
... 2. Organize students into laboratory groups of four. Students are to complete the following procedures for sampling and viewing the representative organisms. a) Half fill each of six culture dishes with boiled pond or spring water. Label the dishes A through F. With a dropper, add ten drops of each ...
... 2. Organize students into laboratory groups of four. Students are to complete the following procedures for sampling and viewing the representative organisms. a) Half fill each of six culture dishes with boiled pond or spring water. Label the dishes A through F. With a dropper, add ten drops of each ...
Lab 1 - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... 1. Collect environmental samples. 2. Realize the wide distribution of microorganisms in the environment. 3. Realize the wide diversity of microorganisms in the environment. Introduction As a group bacteria have three fundamental properties: (1) they are small single cell organisms (typically about o ...
... 1. Collect environmental samples. 2. Realize the wide distribution of microorganisms in the environment. 3. Realize the wide diversity of microorganisms in the environment. Introduction As a group bacteria have three fundamental properties: (1) they are small single cell organisms (typically about o ...
Types of Anaerobes
... grow in places with oxygen, which can sometimes damage and destroy them. Obligate anaerobes are major components of the normal microflora on mucous membranes, especially of the mouth, lower GI tract, and vagina. These anaerobes cause disease when normal mucosal barriers break down. ...
... grow in places with oxygen, which can sometimes damage and destroy them. Obligate anaerobes are major components of the normal microflora on mucous membranes, especially of the mouth, lower GI tract, and vagina. These anaerobes cause disease when normal mucosal barriers break down. ...
The Carbon Cycle
... Reservoir size and turnover time are important parameters in understanding the cycling of elements ...
... Reservoir size and turnover time are important parameters in understanding the cycling of elements ...
(Citrus aurantium), Lavender (Lavandul officinalis)
... López et al. (2007) used three essential oils in a vapor-phase method to test for the antibacterial activities of these oils. In a vapor-phase method, a single drop of the organic material is suspended in an atmosphere from the tip of a microsyringe. The sample drop (1-3 µl) is exposed to the atmos ...
... López et al. (2007) used three essential oils in a vapor-phase method to test for the antibacterial activities of these oils. In a vapor-phase method, a single drop of the organic material is suspended in an atmosphere from the tip of a microsyringe. The sample drop (1-3 µl) is exposed to the atmos ...
JEOPARDY - Life Sciences Outreach at Harvard University
... inert to decomposition by microorganisms ...
... inert to decomposition by microorganisms ...
Nature Medicine News Feature on Turning a new phage
... The idea of using bacteria-fighting viruses as a weapon against hard-to-treat infections is making a surprising comeback, but with a twist on how it has been attempted for nearly a century. Researchers and companies are now tweaking and deconstructing these bacteria killers in an effort to develop a ...
... The idea of using bacteria-fighting viruses as a weapon against hard-to-treat infections is making a surprising comeback, but with a twist on how it has been attempted for nearly a century. Researchers and companies are now tweaking and deconstructing these bacteria killers in an effort to develop a ...
Human cultures and microbial ecosystems
... volatile compounds that they produce. We thus analyzed the cheeses from both artistic and scientific points of view, breaking down the microbial populations and the odor profiles of each cheese. Volunteer human noses gave detailed descriptions of the cheeses’ smells (table 5.1) and the smells of ba ...
... volatile compounds that they produce. We thus analyzed the cheeses from both artistic and scientific points of view, breaking down the microbial populations and the odor profiles of each cheese. Volunteer human noses gave detailed descriptions of the cheeses’ smells (table 5.1) and the smells of ba ...
Long-distance electron transport by cable bacteria in mangrove sediments FEATURE ARTICLE
... of surface sediments via the removal of sulphide and a strong acidification of deeper sediment horizons. Fine-scale pore water measurements show the geochemical fingerprint of e-SOx within the Avicennia marina habitat. Cable bacteria display a high affinity for free sulphide, leading to a suboxic zo ...
... of surface sediments via the removal of sulphide and a strong acidification of deeper sediment horizons. Fine-scale pore water measurements show the geochemical fingerprint of e-SOx within the Avicennia marina habitat. Cable bacteria display a high affinity for free sulphide, leading to a suboxic zo ...
waihi beach wastewater treatment plant
... The DMC used in this study is a count of bacterial particles, including single cells, clumps and chains that could potentially grow and form a colony if they were all viable. The clumps (includes flocs) and chains are counted as one. It is not a count of individual cells. The microscope that was use ...
... The DMC used in this study is a count of bacterial particles, including single cells, clumps and chains that could potentially grow and form a colony if they were all viable. The clumps (includes flocs) and chains are counted as one. It is not a count of individual cells. The microscope that was use ...
Bacteria
Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, ""You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.""Most bacteria have not been characterized, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and some are beneficial. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, and the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.