What and Where Pathways
... Figure 4.8 (a) Response of a complex cell recorded from the visual cortex of a cat. The stimulus bar is moved back and forth across the receptive field. The cell fires best when the bar is positioned with a specific orientation and is moved in a specific direction (*). (From Hubel and Wiesel, 1959. ...
... Figure 4.8 (a) Response of a complex cell recorded from the visual cortex of a cat. The stimulus bar is moved back and forth across the receptive field. The cell fires best when the bar is positioned with a specific orientation and is moved in a specific direction (*). (From Hubel and Wiesel, 1959. ...
The Functional Organization of the Barrel Cortex
... • ectopic posterior expression of FGF8 induces formation of a secondary barrel field ...
... • ectopic posterior expression of FGF8 induces formation of a secondary barrel field ...
Neural Basis of Motor Control
... Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process. Neurons contain some very specialized structures (for example, synapses) and chemicals (for example, neurotransmitters) that enable one cell to communicate with another. ...
... Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process. Neurons contain some very specialized structures (for example, synapses) and chemicals (for example, neurotransmitters) that enable one cell to communicate with another. ...
CHAPTER 15 THE CENTRAL VISUAL PATHWAYS
... (circadian) rhythms, including our sleep-wake cycles. 15.2.2. The visual cortex. ...
... (circadian) rhythms, including our sleep-wake cycles. 15.2.2. The visual cortex. ...
Chapter 6
... Neurons in the primary visual cortex respond best to sine-wave gratings, which are a series of straight parallel bands varying continuously in brightness according to a sine-wave function, along a line perpendicular to their lengths A sine-wave grating is designated by its spatial frequency, or the ...
... Neurons in the primary visual cortex respond best to sine-wave gratings, which are a series of straight parallel bands varying continuously in brightness according to a sine-wave function, along a line perpendicular to their lengths A sine-wave grating is designated by its spatial frequency, or the ...
Notes on Learning to Compute and Computing to Learn
... inferior parietal lobe – responsible for ‘comprehension of language, naming of objects’ [7] amongst others. Wernicke’s area, in the parietal lobe, contains ‘the auditory entries of words; the meanings are contained as memories in the sensory association areas’ [11]. Cerebral localization data for 58 ...
... inferior parietal lobe – responsible for ‘comprehension of language, naming of objects’ [7] amongst others. Wernicke’s area, in the parietal lobe, contains ‘the auditory entries of words; the meanings are contained as memories in the sensory association areas’ [11]. Cerebral localization data for 58 ...
HST:583 fMRI Acquisition Lab1 Susan Whitfield
... Phase maps: The field map is a 2D gradient echo sequence which acquires an image at 2 different echo times. This sequence generates 2 types of images, a magnitude image and a phase map. The phase map represents the phase differences of the spins which ultimately represent the local field inhomogene ...
... Phase maps: The field map is a 2D gradient echo sequence which acquires an image at 2 different echo times. This sequence generates 2 types of images, a magnitude image and a phase map. The phase map represents the phase differences of the spins which ultimately represent the local field inhomogene ...
An Examination of the cell densities in Fmr1Ko mice
... multiple subtypes with combinatory expression of different neuronal markers. GABAergic Neurons show a unique easily identifiable multilayering in the posterior piriform cortex. ...
... multiple subtypes with combinatory expression of different neuronal markers. GABAergic Neurons show a unique easily identifiable multilayering in the posterior piriform cortex. ...
Synaptic Responses of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons to Light
... text. Geniculocorticalafferentscontactboth GABAergicnon-pyramidalcells(la) that providefeed-forwardinhibition of pyramidalcells(2) and pyramidalcell apicaldendrites(lb). Therearealsopathwaysfor recurrentinhibition (3), and reciprocalexcitation(4). they form inhibitory terminals onto the somata and p ...
... text. Geniculocorticalafferentscontactboth GABAergicnon-pyramidalcells(la) that providefeed-forwardinhibition of pyramidalcells(2) and pyramidalcell apicaldendrites(lb). Therearealsopathwaysfor recurrentinhibition (3), and reciprocalexcitation(4). they form inhibitory terminals onto the somata and p ...
A Temporal Continuity to the Vertical
... (1995) further demonstrated in rat V1 cortex that apical dendritic and myelinated axon bundles project in register with each other at minicolumnar-scale intervals (52.6 and 50.1 lm, respectively), consistent with other studies (Buxhoeveden and Casanova 2002). Double-bouquet axons in peripheral neuro ...
... (1995) further demonstrated in rat V1 cortex that apical dendritic and myelinated axon bundles project in register with each other at minicolumnar-scale intervals (52.6 and 50.1 lm, respectively), consistent with other studies (Buxhoeveden and Casanova 2002). Double-bouquet axons in peripheral neuro ...
Motor Cortex
... Loop 1: This cortical “long loop” response is used for simple acts, like quickly regulating the pressure on the cup. The primary somatosensory cortex senses finger position from muscle afferents and pressure from touch receptors. The primary motor cortex signals the contraction of individual synergi ...
... Loop 1: This cortical “long loop” response is used for simple acts, like quickly regulating the pressure on the cup. The primary somatosensory cortex senses finger position from muscle afferents and pressure from touch receptors. The primary motor cortex signals the contraction of individual synergi ...
Compared to other cortical areas, muscle contraction is most easily
... long-term effects are less pronounced than often assumed. Careful testing is required to discern long-term motor deficits and, although much emphasis has been placed on species differences, comparable deficits follow pyramidal-tract transections in macaque monkeys, marsupial phalangers, rats, and ha ...
... long-term effects are less pronounced than often assumed. Careful testing is required to discern long-term motor deficits and, although much emphasis has been placed on species differences, comparable deficits follow pyramidal-tract transections in macaque monkeys, marsupial phalangers, rats, and ha ...
Tail Region of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex and Its Relation to
... area of the SI. Therefore, there are about 94 000 neurons in the estimated 0.8 mm2 of the SI that are involved in processing sensory signals from the tail. Anteroposteriorly oriented, evenly spaced 16-channel microwires were chronically implanted in the frontoparietooccipital cortex that was centere ...
... area of the SI. Therefore, there are about 94 000 neurons in the estimated 0.8 mm2 of the SI that are involved in processing sensory signals from the tail. Anteroposteriorly oriented, evenly spaced 16-channel microwires were chronically implanted in the frontoparietooccipital cortex that was centere ...
Slide 1 - AccessPharmacy
... Diagram of the olfactory pathway. Information is transmitted from the olfactory bulb by axons of mitral and tufted relay neurons in the lateral olfactory tract. Mitral cells project to five regions of the olfactory cortex: anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, and parts of ...
... Diagram of the olfactory pathway. Information is transmitted from the olfactory bulb by axons of mitral and tufted relay neurons in the lateral olfactory tract. Mitral cells project to five regions of the olfactory cortex: anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, and parts of ...
Chapter 13- Central NS
... 2. Cerebral White Matter- These areas are composed of myelinated fibers that form large tracts and connect the two hemispheres. This section lies beneath the gray matter of the cerebral cortex. a. Commisures- commissural fibers connect related gray matter areas between the two hemispheres (run hori ...
... 2. Cerebral White Matter- These areas are composed of myelinated fibers that form large tracts and connect the two hemispheres. This section lies beneath the gray matter of the cerebral cortex. a. Commisures- commissural fibers connect related gray matter areas between the two hemispheres (run hori ...
Functional mapping of somato-motor properties in SII/pIC
... SII hand area and its nomenclature, the location of physiologically defined hand region is robustly consistent among previous findings [1-8]. Krubitzer and colleagues [1] by means of multi units recording on anesthetized monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) demonstrated two symmetric body representations i ...
... SII hand area and its nomenclature, the location of physiologically defined hand region is robustly consistent among previous findings [1-8]. Krubitzer and colleagues [1] by means of multi units recording on anesthetized monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) demonstrated two symmetric body representations i ...
Nervous System
... The brain is protected by cranial bones, cranial meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. The cranial meninges are continuous with the spinal meninges and are named the dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater. The brain contains cavities called ventricles which communicate with one another, with the central ca ...
... The brain is protected by cranial bones, cranial meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. The cranial meninges are continuous with the spinal meninges and are named the dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater. The brain contains cavities called ventricles which communicate with one another, with the central ca ...
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... which rapidly differentiates into the CNS • The neural tube develops constrictions that divide the three primary brain vesicles: – Prosencephalon (forebrain) – Mesencephalon (midbrain) – Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) ...
... which rapidly differentiates into the CNS • The neural tube develops constrictions that divide the three primary brain vesicles: – Prosencephalon (forebrain) – Mesencephalon (midbrain) – Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) ...
A1982NC82200001
... in monkeys trained to perform specific movements have contributed a substantial amount of information on the brain mechanisms underlying motor control. There is a close relationship between firing patterns of neurons within the motor cortex and the motor potentials of monkeys. Furthermore, the human ...
... in monkeys trained to perform specific movements have contributed a substantial amount of information on the brain mechanisms underlying motor control. There is a close relationship between firing patterns of neurons within the motor cortex and the motor potentials of monkeys. Furthermore, the human ...
slides
... the surface of the cortex, terminating on the apical dendrites of a narrow beam of pyramidal cells whose somas lie in layers II III, and V above or below them. Stellate cell axons also terminate on the basal branches of pyramidal cells in layers II and III. The axons of pyramidal neurons project ver ...
... the surface of the cortex, terminating on the apical dendrites of a narrow beam of pyramidal cells whose somas lie in layers II III, and V above or below them. Stellate cell axons also terminate on the basal branches of pyramidal cells in layers II and III. The axons of pyramidal neurons project ver ...
cerebral cortex - Global Anatomy Home Page
... that are closely associated with a particular sensory modality or motor cortex, but whose functions are clearly more complex and “global” in nature than the primary areas. Most of what is presently known about the function of association areas is derived from the effects of lesions. Functions that h ...
... that are closely associated with a particular sensory modality or motor cortex, but whose functions are clearly more complex and “global” in nature than the primary areas. Most of what is presently known about the function of association areas is derived from the effects of lesions. Functions that h ...
ASCENDING TRACTS
... Dorsal column pathway: • Carries fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioception signals • 1st neuron enters spinal cord through dorsal root; ascends to medulla (brain stem) • 2nd neuron crosses over in medulla; ascends to thalamus • 3rd neuron projects to somatosensory cortex ...
... Dorsal column pathway: • Carries fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioception signals • 1st neuron enters spinal cord through dorsal root; ascends to medulla (brain stem) • 2nd neuron crosses over in medulla; ascends to thalamus • 3rd neuron projects to somatosensory cortex ...
Document
... • Upper motor neurons in cerebral cortex (primary motor cortex) – In adjacent and interconnected areas of the frontal lobe – Together mediate planning & initiation of complex temporal sequences of voluntary movements. ...
... • Upper motor neurons in cerebral cortex (primary motor cortex) – In adjacent and interconnected areas of the frontal lobe – Together mediate planning & initiation of complex temporal sequences of voluntary movements. ...
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the cerebrum's (brain) outer layer of neural tissue in humans and other mammals. It is divided into two cortices, along the sagittal plane: the left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the medial longitudinal fissure. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. The human cerebral cortex is 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079 to 0.157 in) thick.In large mammals, the cerebral cortex is folded, giving a much greater surface area in the confined volume of the skull. A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove or fissure is termed a sulcus (plural sulci). In the human brain more than two-thirds of the cerebral cortex is buried in the sulci.The cerebral cortex is gray matter, consisting mainly of cell bodies (with astrocytes being the most abundant cell type in the cortex as well as the human brain as a whole) and capillaries. It contrasts with the underlying white matter, consisting mainly of the white myelinated sheaths of neuronal axons. The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex (also called isocortex), is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, has at most three cellular layers. Neurons in various layers connect vertically to form small microcircuits, called cortical columns. Different neocortical regions known as Brodmann areas are distinguished by variations in their cytoarchitectonics (histological structure) and functional roles in sensation, cognition and behavior.