What`s New in Understanding the Brain
... New Model of Sensory Processing: Role of Multi-Sensory Neurons. This results in poor integration at the lowest level of input, and can thus cause one sense to de-synchronize higher levels of processing of another sense creating problems in the conscious perception of the second sense. A Central ...
... New Model of Sensory Processing: Role of Multi-Sensory Neurons. This results in poor integration at the lowest level of input, and can thus cause one sense to de-synchronize higher levels of processing of another sense creating problems in the conscious perception of the second sense. A Central ...
2015 Paget Lecture transcript Four stories about the brain
... system works. And to do it by telling four little stories about pieces of research, two of which I’ve been involved in, my lab has been involved in, two of which I haven’t worked in but I think there are some interesting conclusions that come from these four little stories. This is a view of the hum ...
... system works. And to do it by telling four little stories about pieces of research, two of which I’ve been involved in, my lab has been involved in, two of which I haven’t worked in but I think there are some interesting conclusions that come from these four little stories. This is a view of the hum ...
MR of Neuronal Migration Anomalies
... in the cerebral cortex. This broad group of anomalies includes agyria, pachygyria, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, unilateral megalencephaly, and gray matter heterotopias. All these entities have been characterized pathologically and in vivo by sonography and CT. MR is an imaging technique uniquely ...
... in the cerebral cortex. This broad group of anomalies includes agyria, pachygyria, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, unilateral megalencephaly, and gray matter heterotopias. All these entities have been characterized pathologically and in vivo by sonography and CT. MR is an imaging technique uniquely ...
Intermediate
... field properties that are organized into columns include preference for the spatial frequency of a stimulus across the receptive field, preference for the direction of movement of a stimulus, and disparity of inputs from the two eyes. All these columnar systems occupy the same cortical territory as ...
... field properties that are organized into columns include preference for the spatial frequency of a stimulus across the receptive field, preference for the direction of movement of a stimulus, and disparity of inputs from the two eyes. All these columnar systems occupy the same cortical territory as ...
chapter 11 the somatosensory system and topographic organization
... point of stimulation; surrounding the peak is a trough of inhibition. The stacked graphs on the right compare activity evoked by 2-point stimulation of the skin across one dimension of the 2-D neuronal array under two different sets of conditions - with lateral inhibition (left-front) and without la ...
... point of stimulation; surrounding the peak is a trough of inhibition. The stacked graphs on the right compare activity evoked by 2-point stimulation of the skin across one dimension of the 2-D neuronal array under two different sets of conditions - with lateral inhibition (left-front) and without la ...
Olfactory cortex as a model for telencephalic processing
... generate cluster responses in cortex, thereby unmasking the remainder of the bulb’s activity. That remainder becomes the subsequent input to the cortex on the next activity cycle, whereupon the same cortical operations are performed. The result is that the second cortical response (one fourth to one ...
... generate cluster responses in cortex, thereby unmasking the remainder of the bulb’s activity. That remainder becomes the subsequent input to the cortex on the next activity cycle, whereupon the same cortical operations are performed. The result is that the second cortical response (one fourth to one ...
Specification of Cerebral Cortical Areas
... remarkable product of brain evolution, not only because it makes up two-thirds of the neuronal mass and contains about three-quarters of all our synapses, but also because it is the structure that most distinctively sets us apart from other species. One of the most prominent features of the cerebral ...
... remarkable product of brain evolution, not only because it makes up two-thirds of the neuronal mass and contains about three-quarters of all our synapses, but also because it is the structure that most distinctively sets us apart from other species. One of the most prominent features of the cerebral ...
Motor system - Brain Facts
... such as the proper orientation of the hand and fingers when they approach an object to be grasped. After damage to the M1, the handling of an object is clumsy and insecure, but the ability to avoid an obstacle is not lost. Connections from the extrastriate areas in the occipital lobe to the PM are n ...
... such as the proper orientation of the hand and fingers when they approach an object to be grasped. After damage to the M1, the handling of an object is clumsy and insecure, but the ability to avoid an obstacle is not lost. Connections from the extrastriate areas in the occipital lobe to the PM are n ...
Temporal Aspects of Visual Extinction
... larynx, and viscera; motor to pharynx, larynx, tongue, and smooth muscles of the viscera, 2 parts: superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch XI. Spinal Accessory Nerve: motor to pharynx, larynx, soft palate and neck XII. Hypoglossal Nerve: motor to strap muscles of the neck, intrinsic ...
... larynx, and viscera; motor to pharynx, larynx, tongue, and smooth muscles of the viscera, 2 parts: superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch XI. Spinal Accessory Nerve: motor to pharynx, larynx, soft palate and neck XII. Hypoglossal Nerve: motor to strap muscles of the neck, intrinsic ...
Earl Miller - The Sackler Institutes
... 2. Neural representations of categories and concepts are stronger and more explicit in the PFC than in cortical areas that provide the PFC with visual input (“cats and dogs”, numbers). Highly familiar rules may be more strongly encoded in the PMC than PFC. 3. This ability of the PFC and related area ...
... 2. Neural representations of categories and concepts are stronger and more explicit in the PFC than in cortical areas that provide the PFC with visual input (“cats and dogs”, numbers). Highly familiar rules may be more strongly encoded in the PMC than PFC. 3. This ability of the PFC and related area ...
CNS consists of brain and spinal cord PNS consists of nerves CNS
... areas of gray matter (cell bodies) in brain organized in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum Outer gray matter called cortex ...
... areas of gray matter (cell bodies) in brain organized in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum Outer gray matter called cortex ...
Touch Discrimination Lab Background
... may volunteer to change into shorts or swim suits and a more extensive map can be made. Suggest that students randomly test the reliability of subject responses by touching with only one point. The students will need to take the reciprocal of the two-point discrimination measurements before making ...
... may volunteer to change into shorts or swim suits and a more extensive map can be made. Suggest that students randomly test the reliability of subject responses by touching with only one point. The students will need to take the reciprocal of the two-point discrimination measurements before making ...
cortex
... of its course. The superior temporal gyrus lies between this sulcus and the lateral fissure. The auditory cortex, areas 41 and 42, are located on the upper bank of the superior temporal gyrus where it is mostly hidden from view in the depth of the lateral fissure. The inferior temporal sulcus separa ...
... of its course. The superior temporal gyrus lies between this sulcus and the lateral fissure. The auditory cortex, areas 41 and 42, are located on the upper bank of the superior temporal gyrus where it is mostly hidden from view in the depth of the lateral fissure. The inferior temporal sulcus separa ...
The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus (A model for all
... Iontropic receptors (inputs) CANNOT cause mode switches: mGLUR from cortex or mACH from parabrachial region cause switch from burst to tonic & GABAb from brainstem reticular formation and local interneurons – opposite. ...
... Iontropic receptors (inputs) CANNOT cause mode switches: mGLUR from cortex or mACH from parabrachial region cause switch from burst to tonic & GABAb from brainstem reticular formation and local interneurons – opposite. ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Global Anatomy Home Page
... areas that are closely associated with a particular sensory modality or motor cortex, but whose functions are clearly more complex and “global” in nature than the primary areas. Most of what is presently known about the function of association areas is derived from the effects of lesions. Functions ...
... areas that are closely associated with a particular sensory modality or motor cortex, but whose functions are clearly more complex and “global” in nature than the primary areas. Most of what is presently known about the function of association areas is derived from the effects of lesions. Functions ...
--The image of that apple is formed on your retina -
... Very large receptive fields Snail-like conduction velocity low spatial resolution slow temporal resolution project to brain regions responsible for motion perception & the primary visual cortex… Excited by blue/yellow stimuli ...
... Very large receptive fields Snail-like conduction velocity low spatial resolution slow temporal resolution project to brain regions responsible for motion perception & the primary visual cortex… Excited by blue/yellow stimuli ...
Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus
... Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus Our brains are maps. This mapping results from the way connections in the brain are ordered and arranged. The ordering of neural pathways between different parts of the brain and those going to and from our muscles and sensory organs produces specific patterns on ...
... Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus Our brains are maps. This mapping results from the way connections in the brain are ordered and arranged. The ordering of neural pathways between different parts of the brain and those going to and from our muscles and sensory organs produces specific patterns on ...
Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus
... Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus Our brains are maps. This mapping results from the way connections in the brain are ordered and arranged. The ordering of neural pathways between different parts of the brain and those going to and from our muscles and sensory organs produces specific patterns on ...
... Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus Our brains are maps. This mapping results from the way connections in the brain are ordered and arranged. The ordering of neural pathways between different parts of the brain and those going to and from our muscles and sensory organs produces specific patterns on ...
regional difference in stainability with calcium
... zone near the olfactory bulb were also stained. Regions with low staining scores include Ammon’s horn CA1–CA3 pyramidal cell layer, the basolateral amygdala, and the caudate putamen. The CA1–CA3 pyramidal cell layer, except for CA3c, exhibited the worst stainability, and often, no cells were stained ...
... zone near the olfactory bulb were also stained. Regions with low staining scores include Ammon’s horn CA1–CA3 pyramidal cell layer, the basolateral amygdala, and the caudate putamen. The CA1–CA3 pyramidal cell layer, except for CA3c, exhibited the worst stainability, and often, no cells were stained ...
ch_12_lecture_outline_a
... hemispheres • Third ventricle in the diencephalon • Fourth ventricle in the hindbrain, dorsal to the pons, develops from the lumen of the neural ...
... hemispheres • Third ventricle in the diencephalon • Fourth ventricle in the hindbrain, dorsal to the pons, develops from the lumen of the neural ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... in a complex pattern, while (b) the layers of the connections conform to the three types (i), (ii) and (iii) above. Another important caveat is that when two areas A and B are reciprocally connected, one needn't be higher, the other lower, in any clear way. In this case, one can imagine that all typ ...
... in a complex pattern, while (b) the layers of the connections conform to the three types (i), (ii) and (iii) above. Another important caveat is that when two areas A and B are reciprocally connected, one needn't be higher, the other lower, in any clear way. In this case, one can imagine that all typ ...
Bio211 Lecture 19
... neurons; they are stored as pathways called engrams, or memory traces that use strengthened or altered synapses. • Immediate memory lasts a few seconds, e.g., remembering the earliest part of a sentence to make sense of it. • Short-term memory (STM) lasts a few seconds to a few ...
... neurons; they are stored as pathways called engrams, or memory traces that use strengthened or altered synapses. • Immediate memory lasts a few seconds, e.g., remembering the earliest part of a sentence to make sense of it. • Short-term memory (STM) lasts a few seconds to a few ...
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the cerebrum's (brain) outer layer of neural tissue in humans and other mammals. It is divided into two cortices, along the sagittal plane: the left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the medial longitudinal fissure. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. The human cerebral cortex is 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079 to 0.157 in) thick.In large mammals, the cerebral cortex is folded, giving a much greater surface area in the confined volume of the skull. A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove or fissure is termed a sulcus (plural sulci). In the human brain more than two-thirds of the cerebral cortex is buried in the sulci.The cerebral cortex is gray matter, consisting mainly of cell bodies (with astrocytes being the most abundant cell type in the cortex as well as the human brain as a whole) and capillaries. It contrasts with the underlying white matter, consisting mainly of the white myelinated sheaths of neuronal axons. The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex (also called isocortex), is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, has at most three cellular layers. Neurons in various layers connect vertically to form small microcircuits, called cortical columns. Different neocortical regions known as Brodmann areas are distinguished by variations in their cytoarchitectonics (histological structure) and functional roles in sensation, cognition and behavior.