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PGM Quizzes
PGM Quizzes

... among fragments, ends compatible with the vector. In order to prepare a concatomer for packaging in lambda, you must perform which of the following in vitro: a) rolling circle replication b) ligation When using a replacement lambda vector, what 3 DNA sections or regions must be found between cos sit ...
Applying Our Knowledge of Genetics
Applying Our Knowledge of Genetics

... • Gene therapy involves the insertion of a properly working gene into a patient that has a faulty gene in hopes that the new, healthy gene could be used to cure the disorder. • A vector, or DNA delivery system, would need to be used to insert the “foreign” DNA into the patient’s cells. • Some vector ...
What I`ve done this summer
What I`ve done this summer

... The existence of about 40 variant phenotypes of this blood group system has been documented by serological analyses. ...
Exercise 5. DNA Ligation, Selection and
Exercise 5. DNA Ligation, Selection and

... 50 bp long which contains 11 unique recognition sequences. An enzyme which recognizes one of these sequences will only cut at this site on the plasmid. The sequences within this stretch of DNA are collectively called multi-cloning or polycloning sites because they allow several different enzymes to ...
Cell surface meets the outside world
Cell surface meets the outside world

... 3 x 106 base pairs. If stretched out, the chromosome is 1 mm in length. In actively growing cells there are 2 to 4 copies of the chromosome since several replicating forks can occur at the same time. Bacterial cells also contain small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. ...
Microbial Genetics
Microbial Genetics

... Changes in the bacterial cell wall make it permeable to large DNA molecules ...
bacterial plasmids - Acta Medica Medianae
bacterial plasmids - Acta Medica Medianae

... exist in supercoiled form, but after alkaling lysis and electrophoresis, they could be found in linear, open circle or multiple-supercoiled form (4). The structure of plasmids is made of circular double chains DNA molecules which are replicated autonomously in a host cell. Their length vary from few ...
recombinant dna lab
recombinant dna lab

... DNA fragments from donor cells must become part of the genetic material of living cells before the genes they contain can be activated. For example, DNA fragments may be combined with bacterial DNA so that they can later be inserted into a bacterial cell. Bacteria often contain small circular DNA mo ...
Recombineering Protocol
Recombineering Protocol

... Recombineering protocol Preparation of competent cells Plasmids pKD46, pKD78, and pKD119 carry the λ red genes behind the araBAD promoter. Expression of the λ red genes is sufficiently induced by adding 0.1% of L-arabinose to your growing culture. The plasmids themselves are temperature-sensitive to ...
molecular genetics unit review
molecular genetics unit review

... Describe the contributions of the following scientists to our current knowledge of DNA structure and DNA replication: a) Chargaff b) Rosalind Franklin c) Watson and Crick d) Meselson and Stahl Describe the structure of DNA. Include terms like anti-parallel, nucleotide (phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous ...
What dealings with GMOs are classified as exempt dealings?
What dealings with GMOs are classified as exempt dealings?

... (b) must not code for a toxin with an LD50 of less than 100 g/kg; and (c) must not code for a toxin with an LD50 of 100 g/kg or more, if the intention is to express the toxin at high levels; and (d) must not be uncharacterised nucleic acid from a toxin-producing organism; and (e) must not include ...
Changes to Exempt Dealings - Office of the Gene Technology
Changes to Exempt Dealings - Office of the Gene Technology

... (b) must not code for a toxin with an LD50 of less than 100 g/kg; and (c) must not code for a toxin with an LD50 of 100 g/kg or more, if the intention is to express the toxin at high levels; and (d) must not be uncharacterised nucleic acid from a toxin-producing organism; and (e) must not include ...
Vectors
Vectors

... molecules that exist in bacteria and in the nuclei of some eukaryotic cells. They can replicate independently of the host cell. The size of plasmids ranges from a few kb to near 100 kb Can hold up to 10 kb fragments Plasmids have an origin of replication, antibiotic resistance genes as markers, and ...
26.1 and 26.2 Notes - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate
26.1 and 26.2 Notes - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate

... a. DNA “fingerprints” are obtained by breaking up DNA at sites that are unique for each individual b. The lengths of each fragment are therefore unique and serve as “fingerprints c. Current method of obtaining fragments: Short tandem repeat (STR) i. STRs are short sequences of DNA bases that recur s ...
Trends in Genetics 9:375. [pdf reprint 109 kb]
Trends in Genetics 9:375. [pdf reprint 109 kb]

... lactose agar can be used instead of agar that contains X-Gal-IPTG. However, this method is not equally suitable for use with all plasmid vectors that carry this marker. Moreover, the results can vary depending on the source of the MacConkey medium used. In addition to the pUC9, pBluescript and pGEM4 ...
Ch 20 Reading Guide - Dublin City Schools
Ch 20 Reading Guide - Dublin City Schools

... 2. Outline the procedures for cloning a eukaryotic gene in a bacterial plasmid. 3. Explain the rationale for including a gene for antibiotic resistance and a gene that codes for a hydrolytic enzyme in the plasmid. 4. Describe the role of an expression vector. 5. Describe two advantages of using yeas ...
Freeman 1e: How we got there
Freeman 1e: How we got there

... •Humans affected by pituitary dwarfism grow slowly, reaching a maximum adult height of about 4 feet. •Early trials showed that people with pituitary dwarfism could be treated successfully with growth hormone therapy, but only if the protein came from humans. Growth hormones isolated from pigs, cows, ...
Chem*4570 Applied Biochemistry Lecture 11 Conjugation and
Chem*4570 Applied Biochemistry Lecture 11 Conjugation and

... species, but the transferred genes do not usually end up in their normal genomic context. Plasmids are small autonomously replicating DNA circles that lie outside the main chromosome, placing genes in an episomal context. Plasmids can be set up to express the genes they carry but represent an extra ...
Document
Document

... molecules that exist in bacteria and in the nuclei of some eukaryotic cells. They can replicate independently of the host cell. The size of plasmids ranges from a few kb to near 100 kb Can hold up to 10 kb fragments Plasmids have an origin of replication, antibiotic resistance genes as markers, and ...
user instructions
user instructions

... Please view contig printout to verify if the sequence is 100% accurate. If any mismatches are found, contact our customer service immediately. Note, green account users will not receive printout of contigs; you may login to your online account to download them. To view sequence chromatograms, login ...
PPT File - Red Hook Central Schools
PPT File - Red Hook Central Schools

... Recombinant DNA in Fish • When the growth-hormone gene from a Chinook salmon, the largest Pacific salmon species, and a "promoter" gene from an Ocean Pout are added to the Atlantic Salmon. The promoter gene keeps the fish's cells making growth hormone around the clock. • The result is an Atlantic s ...
GENETIC ENGINEERING QUESTIONS
GENETIC ENGINEERING QUESTIONS

... c. Perform PCR on the protein d. Grow bacteria to make the protein 2. People show restriction fragment length polymorphism because a. They have single nucleotide differences in their DNA b. The have different numbers of tandem repeats in their genes c. Both a and b d. Neither are correct 3. In gel e ...
Chapter 18 - Canyon ISD
Chapter 18 - Canyon ISD

... Bacterial Genome • Major component of the bacterial genome is one double-stranded, circular DNA molecule • Consists of about 4.6 million base pairs coding for 4,300 genes – 100 times more than viruses, but one thousandth as much as eukaryotic cells ...
Transformation Lab
Transformation Lab

... ice Use sterile loop to add loopful of plasmid (1, 2, or 3) to + tube Ice for 15 min & label 1of each plate “+” and 1 of each “-” ...
4.2 Sources of DNA
4.2 Sources of DNA

... Do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles DNA is usually found floating in cytoplasm  attached at one spot to the cell membrane One, long, circular chromosome  supercoiled  relatively small, several thousand genes Very little spacer DNA  Most DNA is necessary for survival ...
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Plasmid



A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.
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