Microbiology Babylon university 2nd stage pharmacy collage
... base pairs are stacked within the center of the DNA double helix, and they determine its genetic information. Each helical turn of the helix has one major groove and one minor groove. Many proteins with the capacity to bind DNA and regulate gene expression interact predominately with the major groov ...
... base pairs are stacked within the center of the DNA double helix, and they determine its genetic information. Each helical turn of the helix has one major groove and one minor groove. Many proteins with the capacity to bind DNA and regulate gene expression interact predominately with the major groov ...
lytic cycle - Cloudfront.net
... • THE LAC OPERON IN E.COLI CONTROLS THE BREAKDOWN OF LACTOSE. THE REGULATORY GENE IN THE LAC OPERON PRODUCES AN ACTIVE REPRESSOR THAT BINDS TO THE OPERATOR REGION. WHEN THE OPERATOR REGION IS OCCUPIED BY THE REPROSSOR, RNA POLYMERASE IS UNABLE TO TRANSCRIBE SEVERAL STRUCTURAL GENES THAT CODE FOR ENZ ...
... • THE LAC OPERON IN E.COLI CONTROLS THE BREAKDOWN OF LACTOSE. THE REGULATORY GENE IN THE LAC OPERON PRODUCES AN ACTIVE REPRESSOR THAT BINDS TO THE OPERATOR REGION. WHEN THE OPERATOR REGION IS OCCUPIED BY THE REPROSSOR, RNA POLYMERASE IS UNABLE TO TRANSCRIBE SEVERAL STRUCTURAL GENES THAT CODE FOR ENZ ...
Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems
... • F’ can conjugate with F- cell. • Leads to “partial diploid”= merozygotes • Two copies of some genes ...
... • F’ can conjugate with F- cell. • Leads to “partial diploid”= merozygotes • Two copies of some genes ...
Plasmids
... In every case, the recombinant DNA must be taken up by the cell in a form in which it can be replicated and expressed. This is achieved by incorporating the DNA in a vector. A number of viruses (both bacterial and of mammalian cells) can serve as vectors. But here let us examine an example of cloni ...
... In every case, the recombinant DNA must be taken up by the cell in a form in which it can be replicated and expressed. This is achieved by incorporating the DNA in a vector. A number of viruses (both bacterial and of mammalian cells) can serve as vectors. But here let us examine an example of cloni ...
Genetic Engineering
... Clone the gene - Many copies of the plasmid are made by the bacteria as the bacteria reproduce Express a protein such as insulin, human growth hormone, ...
... Clone the gene - Many copies of the plasmid are made by the bacteria as the bacteria reproduce Express a protein such as insulin, human growth hormone, ...
Recombinant DNA Lab
... Recombinant DNA refers to DNA of one organism inserted into the DNA of another. A Transformation refers to the process of creating recombinant DNA. The major tools of recombinant DNA technology are bacterial enzymes called restriction enzymes. Each enzyme recognizes a short, specific nucleotide sequ ...
... Recombinant DNA refers to DNA of one organism inserted into the DNA of another. A Transformation refers to the process of creating recombinant DNA. The major tools of recombinant DNA technology are bacterial enzymes called restriction enzymes. Each enzyme recognizes a short, specific nucleotide sequ ...
Bacterial recombination
... Engineered construct used to replace the gene. Upstream and downstream flanking DNA sequences are identical to those which flank the targeted gene. ...
... Engineered construct used to replace the gene. Upstream and downstream flanking DNA sequences are identical to those which flank the targeted gene. ...
7. Recombinant DNA Vectors
... replication intermediate (RF) is double-stranded and can be used as cloning vector (much like a plasmid) after transforming E. coli, single stranded virus is produced single stranded DNAs readily sequenced using dideoxysequencing; also provide a template for site directed mutagenesis protocols. 3. C ...
... replication intermediate (RF) is double-stranded and can be used as cloning vector (much like a plasmid) after transforming E. coli, single stranded virus is produced single stranded DNAs readily sequenced using dideoxysequencing; also provide a template for site directed mutagenesis protocols. 3. C ...
Edward A. Birge: Bacterial and bacteriophage genetics, 4th edn
... devoted to bacteriophages, illustrate the basic nature of genetic processes by using relatively simple genetic systems as examples. Chapter 6 focuses completely on T4 bacteriophage, an intemperate phage and a member of the T-series, whose genetic regulation has been intensively investigated. Chapter ...
... devoted to bacteriophages, illustrate the basic nature of genetic processes by using relatively simple genetic systems as examples. Chapter 6 focuses completely on T4 bacteriophage, an intemperate phage and a member of the T-series, whose genetic regulation has been intensively investigated. Chapter ...
File
... Using undifferentiated cells from an adult animal to produce an offspring through differentiation ...
... Using undifferentiated cells from an adult animal to produce an offspring through differentiation ...
5 In vivo gene cloning
... together IF they have the same sticky ends – the same recognition site. • In order to have the same sticky ends they must have been cut using the same restriction endonuclease. ...
... together IF they have the same sticky ends – the same recognition site. • In order to have the same sticky ends they must have been cut using the same restriction endonuclease. ...
BioSc 231 Exam 5 2008
... (2 pts) The restriction endonuclease HindIII (which cuts at the sequence AAGCTT) cuts the genome of the bacteriophage lambda (approximately 50 kilobases in size) into 7 fragments. The enzyme RsaI (which cuts at the sequence GTAC) cuts the lambda genome into 113 fragments. Explain the reason for the ...
... (2 pts) The restriction endonuclease HindIII (which cuts at the sequence AAGCTT) cuts the genome of the bacteriophage lambda (approximately 50 kilobases in size) into 7 fragments. The enzyme RsaI (which cuts at the sequence GTAC) cuts the lambda genome into 113 fragments. Explain the reason for the ...
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
... mammalian specie such as humans. Molecular cloning is carried out in‐vitro where a specific fragment of DNA is isolated from an organism ‘donor’ and introduced into a ‘plasmid’ that replicates in a ‘host’ cell making multiple copies of that DNA fragment. ...
... mammalian specie such as humans. Molecular cloning is carried out in‐vitro where a specific fragment of DNA is isolated from an organism ‘donor’ and introduced into a ‘plasmid’ that replicates in a ‘host’ cell making multiple copies of that DNA fragment. ...
Cloning Vectors A cloning vector is a DNA molecule that can carry
... Cosmids are able to contain 37 to 52 kb of DNA, while normal plasmids are able to carry only 1–20 kb. They can replicate as plasmids if they have a suitable origin of replication: for example SV40 ori in mammalian cells, ColE1 ori for double-stranded DNA replication or f1 ori for single-stranded DNA ...
... Cosmids are able to contain 37 to 52 kb of DNA, while normal plasmids are able to carry only 1–20 kb. They can replicate as plasmids if they have a suitable origin of replication: for example SV40 ori in mammalian cells, ColE1 ori for double-stranded DNA replication or f1 ori for single-stranded DNA ...
Unit 10 Biotechnology review guide 2014
... 31. Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to identify __________________ and ___________________ in the genomes of different kinds of organisms. 32. During transformation, a cell takes in ________ from outside the cell. 33. Suppose a bacterial culture were mixed with recombinant pl ...
... 31. Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to identify __________________ and ___________________ in the genomes of different kinds of organisms. 32. During transformation, a cell takes in ________ from outside the cell. 33. Suppose a bacterial culture were mixed with recombinant pl ...
chapter 8
... Transformation - a bacterial cell acquires DNA from the environment and incorporates this DNA into its own chromosome Transduction - certain bacterial viruses can pick up a piece of DNA from one bacterial cell and inject it into another, where it can be incorporated into the chromosome ...
... Transformation - a bacterial cell acquires DNA from the environment and incorporates this DNA into its own chromosome Transduction - certain bacterial viruses can pick up a piece of DNA from one bacterial cell and inject it into another, where it can be incorporated into the chromosome ...
Presentation
... • High-copy suppressor screens -high copy plasmid or GAL promoter on CEN plasmid ...
... • High-copy suppressor screens -high copy plasmid or GAL promoter on CEN plasmid ...
F - cell
... Cultivating bacteria on a solid medium (bacterial isolation) A solid medium is required for obtaining a pure culture of microorganism. Agar: an algae extract, polysaccharide in nature, which very few bacteria can degrade. The agar plate contains 1.5% of agar. Colony: population of bacterial cells ar ...
... Cultivating bacteria on a solid medium (bacterial isolation) A solid medium is required for obtaining a pure culture of microorganism. Agar: an algae extract, polysaccharide in nature, which very few bacteria can degrade. The agar plate contains 1.5% of agar. Colony: population of bacterial cells ar ...
Study guide exam 1
... 40. What macromolecules other than carbohydrates are energy rich? 41. What are phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs, and heterotrophs? 42. What is a thermophile, mesophile, psychrophile, halophile, and acidophile? 43. Why is oxygen toxic? 44. What are the difference between strict aerobes, facultati ...
... 40. What macromolecules other than carbohydrates are energy rich? 41. What are phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs, and heterotrophs? 42. What is a thermophile, mesophile, psychrophile, halophile, and acidophile? 43. Why is oxygen toxic? 44. What are the difference between strict aerobes, facultati ...
2150401 - Gujarat Technological University
... 8. Preparation of competent cells and Bacterial transformation 9. In vitro DNA ligation 10. Restriction digestion 11. DNA finger printing by RFLP analysis 12. Transposon assay ...
... 8. Preparation of competent cells and Bacterial transformation 9. In vitro DNA ligation 10. Restriction digestion 11. DNA finger printing by RFLP analysis 12. Transposon assay ...
Biotechnology
... manipulation of DNA if you are going to engineer DNA & genes & organisms, then you need a set of tools to work with ...
... manipulation of DNA if you are going to engineer DNA & genes & organisms, then you need a set of tools to work with ...
Chapter 18 notes
... • CRP works on several operons that encode enzymes used in catabolic pathways. – If glucose is present and CRP is inactive, then the synthesis of enzymes that catabolize other compounds is slowed. – If glucose levels are low and CRP is active, then the genes which produce enzymes that catabolize whi ...
... • CRP works on several operons that encode enzymes used in catabolic pathways. – If glucose is present and CRP is inactive, then the synthesis of enzymes that catabolize other compounds is slowed. – If glucose levels are low and CRP is active, then the genes which produce enzymes that catabolize whi ...
Plasmid
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A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.