05 Lecture Evolution 09
... LECTURE 05 EVOLUTION Read CH6: 113-123; see also parts of CH 13 MAJOR CONCEPTS 1) Organisms facing a changing environment can evolve only if genetic variation exists in population and natural selection favors alleles suitable for new environment. 2) The sources of genetic variation are mutation and ...
... LECTURE 05 EVOLUTION Read CH6: 113-123; see also parts of CH 13 MAJOR CONCEPTS 1) Organisms facing a changing environment can evolve only if genetic variation exists in population and natural selection favors alleles suitable for new environment. 2) The sources of genetic variation are mutation and ...
ppt
... 2. A family and distribution of transcripts, can they be explained an AS-graph with probabilities at donor sites or do we need probabilities for (donor,acceptor) pairs? Or possibly even more complicated situations. And is sampling transcripts good enough to distinguish these situations. ...
... 2. A family and distribution of transcripts, can they be explained an AS-graph with probabilities at donor sites or do we need probabilities for (donor,acceptor) pairs? Or possibly even more complicated situations. And is sampling transcripts good enough to distinguish these situations. ...
viruses
... Influenza (bird flu – emerging disease) • Bird human (right now) Pandemic: human human; antigenic shift Influenza pandemic of ________ killed 20+ million people! (more than plague?) The viruses of the last three global influenza pandemics were first found in China. ...
... Influenza (bird flu – emerging disease) • Bird human (right now) Pandemic: human human; antigenic shift Influenza pandemic of ________ killed 20+ million people! (more than plague?) The viruses of the last three global influenza pandemics were first found in China. ...
Chance and risk in adaptive evolution
... What is the probability that its descendants live in the far future of the population? This chance is limited by the risk that the individual’s lineage becomes extinct at some point in the future. For neutral evolution (i.e., in a flat fitness landscape), classical theory shows that long-term survival ...
... What is the probability that its descendants live in the far future of the population? This chance is limited by the risk that the individual’s lineage becomes extinct at some point in the future. For neutral evolution (i.e., in a flat fitness landscape), classical theory shows that long-term survival ...
18.1 Studying Viruses and Prokaryotes
... The viral DNA directs the host cell to produce new viral nucleic acids and protein parts. The parts assemble into new bacteriophages. ...
... The viral DNA directs the host cell to produce new viral nucleic acids and protein parts. The parts assemble into new bacteriophages. ...
SIR models of epidemics
... How does network structure affect epidemic spread? What is the optimal treatment or vaccination strategy over a network? How do networks change over time? “Asexual” and sexual contact networks Network structure and the evolution of virulence ...
... How does network structure affect epidemic spread? What is the optimal treatment or vaccination strategy over a network? How do networks change over time? “Asexual” and sexual contact networks Network structure and the evolution of virulence ...
Competiitve Speciation
... The backward view: Inferring the genealogy and past evolutionary events from molecular (sequence) data of extant populations ...
... The backward view: Inferring the genealogy and past evolutionary events from molecular (sequence) data of extant populations ...
CPT1600: Policy Title - Providence Health Care
... Influenza can be a serious contagious disease spread by droplet transmission through close contact with an infected individual. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, nationally there are between 2000 and 8000 deaths per year from influenza and its complications. Infected individuals are h ...
... Influenza can be a serious contagious disease spread by droplet transmission through close contact with an infected individual. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, nationally there are between 2000 and 8000 deaths per year from influenza and its complications. Infected individuals are h ...
Viruses - cayugascience
... The virus replicates and produces progeny phages. There are symptoms of viral infection. In the Lysogenic Cycle: Viral DNA merges with cell DNA and does not destroy the cell. The virus does not produce progeny. There are no symptoms of viral infection. ...
... The virus replicates and produces progeny phages. There are symptoms of viral infection. In the Lysogenic Cycle: Viral DNA merges with cell DNA and does not destroy the cell. The virus does not produce progeny. There are no symptoms of viral infection. ...
Chapter 25 Notes Viruses
... Scientists that helped in the discovery of viruses Martinus beijerinck – studied the tobacco plant are concluded that diseased plants could infect the leaves of healthy plants Dr. Wendell Stanley – (1935) the first to isolate the tobacco mosaic virus and show that it could be crystallized ...
... Scientists that helped in the discovery of viruses Martinus beijerinck – studied the tobacco plant are concluded that diseased plants could infect the leaves of healthy plants Dr. Wendell Stanley – (1935) the first to isolate the tobacco mosaic virus and show that it could be crystallized ...
Bacteria and Viruses Notes
... vii. In order to prevent some viruses, there are _______________which are injections that have a small dose of the __________________mixed into it and it helps build up the body’s immunity against the disease. viii. SWINE FLUSwine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type ...
... vii. In order to prevent some viruses, there are _______________which are injections that have a small dose of the __________________mixed into it and it helps build up the body’s immunity against the disease. viii. SWINE FLUSwine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type ...
Viruses and emerging diseases - n°6
... There are several different sub-types of the influenza A virus that are defined by a combination of two surface glycoproteins, hemaglutinin and neuramidase. Viruses that are highly pathogenic to poultry belong to the H5 or H7 sub-types while viruses that infect humans belong to the H1N1 (1918), H2N2 ...
... There are several different sub-types of the influenza A virus that are defined by a combination of two surface glycoproteins, hemaglutinin and neuramidase. Viruses that are highly pathogenic to poultry belong to the H5 or H7 sub-types while viruses that infect humans belong to the H1N1 (1918), H2N2 ...
SIMULATING NATURAL SELECTION
... We know from the fossil record that species change (evolve) over time. Darwin argued, and this has subsequently been confirmed, that the primary mechanism of evolutionary change is the process of natural selection. Given that evolutionary theory is the most important unifying principle in biology, t ...
... We know from the fossil record that species change (evolve) over time. Darwin argued, and this has subsequently been confirmed, that the primary mechanism of evolutionary change is the process of natural selection. Given that evolutionary theory is the most important unifying principle in biology, t ...
Conservation Genetics
... 1. Such metrics are useful but may identify a threat much too late for recovery programmes to be effective. 2. Census data cannot reveal possible threats to the persistence of a species that are detectable at the molecular level even before there is numerical evidence of a threat. Surveys of Genetic ...
... 1. Such metrics are useful but may identify a threat much too late for recovery programmes to be effective. 2. Census data cannot reveal possible threats to the persistence of a species that are detectable at the molecular level even before there is numerical evidence of a threat. Surveys of Genetic ...
Viruses - HCC Learning Web
... • Vaccination has eradicated smallpox. • Effective vaccines are available against polio, measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B, and a number of other viral diseases. – Antiviral drugs can help to treat, though not cure, viral infections. – Viral infections cannot be treated by antibiotics. – Most ant ...
... • Vaccination has eradicated smallpox. • Effective vaccines are available against polio, measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B, and a number of other viral diseases. – Antiviral drugs can help to treat, though not cure, viral infections. – Viral infections cannot be treated by antibiotics. – Most ant ...
Chapter 8
... 1. Caused by a type of equine herpes virus. 2. Majority of adult horses are infected with this virus from natural exposure. 3. Fever, mucous discharge, coughing, enlarged lymph nodes. 4. Humans cannot get Rhino. TETANUS 1. Caused by a neurotoxin produced from an anaerobic spore, tetani. 2. Introduce ...
... 1. Caused by a type of equine herpes virus. 2. Majority of adult horses are infected with this virus from natural exposure. 3. Fever, mucous discharge, coughing, enlarged lymph nodes. 4. Humans cannot get Rhino. TETANUS 1. Caused by a neurotoxin produced from an anaerobic spore, tetani. 2. Introduce ...
Scientific poster example - Makerere University News Portal
... Key: A, CAST; a, CVST; B, CADT, CADI; N, NVDT. Dashes indicate gaps introduced manually to enable similarities between sequences to be easily visible. The number following the name of the virus isolate indicates the isolation year. ...
... Key: A, CAST; a, CVST; B, CADT, CADI; N, NVDT. Dashes indicate gaps introduced manually to enable similarities between sequences to be easily visible. The number following the name of the virus isolate indicates the isolation year. ...
Chapter 18 and 31
... – target one specific bacterium or fungus – not effective against viruses – Vaccines help to identify and make viruses ineffective – Given to a person to prevent illness – Can be made of dead or weakened virues ...
... – target one specific bacterium or fungus – not effective against viruses – Vaccines help to identify and make viruses ineffective – Given to a person to prevent illness – Can be made of dead or weakened virues ...
Chapter 18
... 1. This may lead to inbreeding, which may lead to increased homozygosity 2. This may lead to inbreeding depression and lowered fitness in the population, common in some plants B. Assorattive mating occurs when mating is influenced by similar phenotypes 1. Positive assortative mating also increases h ...
... 1. This may lead to inbreeding, which may lead to increased homozygosity 2. This may lead to inbreeding depression and lowered fitness in the population, common in some plants B. Assorattive mating occurs when mating is influenced by similar phenotypes 1. Positive assortative mating also increases h ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Virus coincidentally collides with a susceptible host cell and adsorbs specifically to receptor sites on the cell membrane • Spectrum of cells a virus can infect – host range – hepatitis B – human liver cells – poliovirus – primate intestinal and nerve cells – rabies – various cells of many mammal ...
... • Virus coincidentally collides with a susceptible host cell and adsorbs specifically to receptor sites on the cell membrane • Spectrum of cells a virus can infect – host range – hepatitis B – human liver cells – poliovirus – primate intestinal and nerve cells – rabies – various cells of many mammal ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Virus coincidentally collides with a susceptible host cell and adsorbs specifically to receptor sites on the cell membrane • Spectrum of cells a virus can infect – host range – hepatitis B – human liver cells – poliovirus – primate intestinal and nerve cells – rabies – various cells of many mammal ...
... • Virus coincidentally collides with a susceptible host cell and adsorbs specifically to receptor sites on the cell membrane • Spectrum of cells a virus can infect – host range – hepatitis B – human liver cells – poliovirus – primate intestinal and nerve cells – rabies – various cells of many mammal ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.