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Diseases of Canines, Feline, and Equines
1. What is it?
2. How is it transmitted?
3. What are the signs?
4. Can humans get it??
CANINE DISTEMPER
1. Highly contagious viral disease of dogs.
2. Aerosol droplet secretions from infected animals. Infected dogs may shed distemper
for several months!
3. Fever, anorexia, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, neurological signs such as ataxia
and convulsions characterized by excess salivation and chewing motions of the jaw.
4. No, humans cannot get distemper.
CANINE HEPATITIS
1. Caused by Adenovirus.
2. Ingestion of urine, feces, or saliva of infected animals. Can live outside of animal.
3. Anorexia, thirst, conjunctivitis, petechiae of the oral mucosa and edema of the head
and neck.
4. No, humans cannot get canine hepatitis.
CANINE ADENOVIRUS
1. Virus that can cause both Kennel Cough and Hepatitis
2. Spread through coughing from dog to dog.
3. Respiratory signs including coughing.
4. No, humans cannot get Adenovirus.
CANINE PARAINFLUENZA
1. Highly contagious virus, similar to adenovirus.
2. Spread through coughing from dog to dog.
3. Respiratory signs including coughing.
4. No, humans cannot get parainfluenza.
PARVOVIRUS
1. Highly contagious, stable virus.
2. Direct contact with infected dogs and indirect contact with feces contaminated object.
Virus is shed up to 3 weeks after infection.
3. Vomiting & bloody diarrhea.
4. No, humans cannot get parvo.
CORONAVIRUS
1. Virus characterized with a halo.
2. Direct contact with infected dogs.
3. Vomiting, diarrhea; possible respiratory symptoms.
4. No, humans cannot get canine coronavirus.
KENNEL COUGH
1. Primarily caused from adenovirus or distemper virus, or microorganism Bordetella
bronchiseptica. (infectious tracheobronchitis)
2. Direct contact with infected dogs.
3. Dry hacking cough.
4. Humans cannot get kennel cough.
LEPTOSPIROSIS
1. Caused by microorganism Leptospira. (bacteria)
2. Transmission by contact with infected fluids (urine, placental fluid, milk)
3. Acute, febrile illness with renal and hepatic changes.
4. Minor risk of infection for humans.
LYME
1. Bacterial infection (B burgdorferi)
2. Transmitted via tick bites.
3. Fatigue, joint pain, limping.
4. Humans are only infected through tick bites.
RABIES
1. Acute, progressive viral encephalomyelitis.
2. Direct contact with body fluids, bites.
3. Behavior changes, increased salivation, disoriented, sensitive to light.
4. Any mammal can get rabies.
FELINE VIRAL RHINOTRACHEITIS
1. Upper respiratory virus.
2. Natural transmission via air and fomites (handlers)
3. Fever, sneezing, conjunctivitis, salivation
4. Humans cannot get FVR.
CALICIVIRUS
1. Upper respiratory virus.
2. Natural transmission via air and fomites.
3. Stomatitis (ulcerations of the tongue), salivation, limping.
4. Humans cannot get calici.
PANLEUKOPENIA
1. Highly contagious, often fatal virus. (feline parvovirus)
2. All secretions and excretions contain virus.
3. Infects and destroys actively dividing cells in bone marrow; vomiting, diarrhea, sit at
water bowl for hours and not drink.
4. Humans cannot get panleukopenia.
FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS
1. Retrovirus (uses host cells DNA to replicate and then infect host).
2. Shed in secretions and excretions.
3. Fever & malaise; yellow mucous membranes. (leads to immunosuppression, anemia,
enteritis)
4. No human concern.
FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
1. Highly infectious virus.
2. Spread in saliva, primarily bite wounds.
3. Chronic secondary respiratory infections, GI, urinary, and skin infections.
4. No human concern.
EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
1. Arbovirus (transmitted via arthropod) with different varieties.
2. Transmitted from mosquito - vertebrate - mosquito.
3. Initially quiet and depressed; followed by neurological signs such as circling, head
pressing, aimless wandering, inability to swallow, convulsions, and death. Most
deaths occur 2-3 days after symptom onset.
4. Humans can get EEE from infected mosquitos only.
WEST NILE VIRUS
1. Type of Japanese encephalitis virus.
2. Life cycle is between mosquitoes and birds - transmitted via mosquitoes.
3. Signs are variable and range anywhere from lameness to paralysis and coma.
4. Humans can get West Nile from infected mosquitoes.
RHINOPNEUMONITIS
1. Caused by a type of equine herpes virus.
2. Majority of adult horses are infected with this virus from natural exposure.
3. Fever, mucous discharge, coughing, enlarged lymph nodes.
4. Humans cannot get Rhino.
TETANUS
1. Caused by a neurotoxin produced from an anaerobic spore, tetani.
2. Introduced into tissue through wounds, particularly deep puncture wounds which
provide low oxygen.
3. Toxin causes progressive muscle spasms and lockjaw.
4. Humans cannot get tetanus from animals, but can get from exposure/infection.
INFLUENZA
1. Highly contagious, rapidly spreading virus.
2. Inhalation of respiratory secretions.
3. Rapid onset high fever, depression, cough.
4. Humans cannot get this strain of influenza.
STRANGLES
1. Infectious, contagious disease caused by a type of Streptococcus bacteria.
2. Transmission via fomites and direct contact with infectious exudates.
3. Fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, hugely enlarged lymph nodes with possible
abscesses, difficulty swallowing.
4. Humans cannot get strangles.