mv-lect-3-virus-genomes
... • In order to optimize the cell for virus replication, Viruses also encode enzymes and proteins involved in modifying the cell in which the virus replicates. • DNA Viruses utilize the infected cell’s nucleus as the site of genome replication share many common patterns of gene expression and genome ...
... • In order to optimize the cell for virus replication, Viruses also encode enzymes and proteins involved in modifying the cell in which the virus replicates. • DNA Viruses utilize the infected cell’s nucleus as the site of genome replication share many common patterns of gene expression and genome ...
Unit (1) - 1- The microbe which is able to live in extreme
... a) viruses b) fungus c) archae d) bacteria 2- All are true about protozoa except : a) non photo-synthetic b) live in moist environment c) prokaryote d) most are motile 3- All are true about viruses except : a) not a cell b) obligate intracellular c) made up of nucleic acid and protein d) can be view ...
... a) viruses b) fungus c) archae d) bacteria 2- All are true about protozoa except : a) non photo-synthetic b) live in moist environment c) prokaryote d) most are motile 3- All are true about viruses except : a) not a cell b) obligate intracellular c) made up of nucleic acid and protein d) can be view ...
Module 1
... Viruses are minute, non-living entities that copy themselves once inside the living host cells. All living organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria) have viruses that infect them. Typically viruses are made up of coat (or capsid) that protects its information molecule (RNA or DNA); these info ...
... Viruses are minute, non-living entities that copy themselves once inside the living host cells. All living organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria) have viruses that infect them. Typically viruses are made up of coat (or capsid) that protects its information molecule (RNA or DNA); these info ...
Negative sense RNA viruses
... - prevention by animal immunization; rarely used for humans - treatment shortly after transmission required; natural mortality in untreated humans is 15-25% - particularly unpleasant death makes this one of the most feared viruses Genus Ephemerovirus - Bovine ephemeral virus is most important - low ...
... - prevention by animal immunization; rarely used for humans - treatment shortly after transmission required; natural mortality in untreated humans is 15-25% - particularly unpleasant death makes this one of the most feared viruses Genus Ephemerovirus - Bovine ephemeral virus is most important - low ...
Diagnosis of viral infections
... 1- Fluorescent-labeled antisera available for most viruses, & used for culture conformation. 2 - Viral neutralization used to identify viruses with many serotype for which fluorescent labeled antisera are not available. 3 - Acid liability test used to differentiate enteroviruses from rhinoviruses. 4 ...
... 1- Fluorescent-labeled antisera available for most viruses, & used for culture conformation. 2 - Viral neutralization used to identify viruses with many serotype for which fluorescent labeled antisera are not available. 3 - Acid liability test used to differentiate enteroviruses from rhinoviruses. 4 ...
ch_13_study guide
... Replication of Animal Viruses Animal viruses have the same five basic replication pathways as bacteriophages, but some differences result in part from the presence of envelopes around some of the viruses and in part from the eukaryotic nature of animal cells and their lack of a cell wall. Attachment ...
... Replication of Animal Viruses Animal viruses have the same five basic replication pathways as bacteriophages, but some differences result in part from the presence of envelopes around some of the viruses and in part from the eukaryotic nature of animal cells and their lack of a cell wall. Attachment ...
Lecture 4_VIRAL PATHOGENESIS AND HOST IMMUNE
... chronic infections with HBV or HCV associated disease may be as a consequence of progressive injury to the host tissues or by immune-mediated destruction of virus-infected cells. ...
... chronic infections with HBV or HCV associated disease may be as a consequence of progressive injury to the host tissues or by immune-mediated destruction of virus-infected cells. ...
Taxonomy Test#2 - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... Test Review Questions for Taxonomy Test #2 December 21st, 2010 Viruses Explain why viruses are not placed in the five kingdom classification system. Draw and label a virus with all possible parts. Give the size range of viruses. Summarize the features that viruses have in common with living things a ...
... Test Review Questions for Taxonomy Test #2 December 21st, 2010 Viruses Explain why viruses are not placed in the five kingdom classification system. Draw and label a virus with all possible parts. Give the size range of viruses. Summarize the features that viruses have in common with living things a ...
Characteristics of Viruses-Parts 1_2_3
... A prion is a protein molecule that can cause disease in animals. Prions are the only known infectious agents that do not contain DNA or RNA but can, nonetheless, spread throughout an organism. A prion causes a fatal disease called scrapie in sheep. Prions have also been found in the brains of cows t ...
... A prion is a protein molecule that can cause disease in animals. Prions are the only known infectious agents that do not contain DNA or RNA but can, nonetheless, spread throughout an organism. A prion causes a fatal disease called scrapie in sheep. Prions have also been found in the brains of cows t ...
Bacteria v Virus
... polymer of sugars and amino acids Plasma Membrane •phospholipid bilayer Nucleoid •The region DNA is found in prokaryotes •DNA •A single double-stranded circular chromosome •NO histone proteins Plasmid •small circular chromosome •may carry an antibiotic resistance gene Flagella -tail-like structure u ...
... polymer of sugars and amino acids Plasma Membrane •phospholipid bilayer Nucleoid •The region DNA is found in prokaryotes •DNA •A single double-stranded circular chromosome •NO histone proteins Plasmid •small circular chromosome •may carry an antibiotic resistance gene Flagella -tail-like structure u ...
IMMUNITY TO VIRUSES Immunity to Viruses Basic Aspects of viral
... – Nucleocapsid is both capsid and genetic material – Protective Proteins surrounding the nucleic acid ...
... – Nucleocapsid is both capsid and genetic material – Protective Proteins surrounding the nucleic acid ...
General structure and classification of viruses
... Rous sarcoma virus can cause cancer in chickens (For this work, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1966) First person to show: [ a virus could cause cancer in animals] ...
... Rous sarcoma virus can cause cancer in chickens (For this work, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1966) First person to show: [ a virus could cause cancer in animals] ...
C. Primary Morphological types[3]
... insufficient to code for more than a few sorts of protein molecules of limited size. The only reasonable way to build a protein shell, therefore, was to use the same type of molecule over and over again, hence their theory of identical subunits, symmetrically packed to form the protein shell.” 3. CA ...
... insufficient to code for more than a few sorts of protein molecules of limited size. The only reasonable way to build a protein shell, therefore, was to use the same type of molecule over and over again, hence their theory of identical subunits, symmetrically packed to form the protein shell.” 3. CA ...
Inquiry into Life, Eleventh Edition
... • Drug control of human viral diseases – Difficult to develop drugs that affect viral reproduction without harming host cell – Antiviral drugs against HIV have been developed – Acyclovir is used against Herpes – Antibiotics are not effective against viruses ...
... • Drug control of human viral diseases – Difficult to develop drugs that affect viral reproduction without harming host cell – Antiviral drugs against HIV have been developed – Acyclovir is used against Herpes – Antibiotics are not effective against viruses ...
1 Pathogens and the Immune System “The War Begins” The Enemy
... How can pathogens spread to other hosts? What is the difference between inoculation and vaccination? Describe Edward Jenner’s contribution to vaccination. Using the scientific method, explain how Jenner determined that vaccination with cowpox was safer than inoculating with smallpox. Describe the 5 ...
... How can pathogens spread to other hosts? What is the difference between inoculation and vaccination? Describe Edward Jenner’s contribution to vaccination. Using the scientific method, explain how Jenner determined that vaccination with cowpox was safer than inoculating with smallpox. Describe the 5 ...
Microorganisms
... Students may think there were no effective treatments for diseases because they were undiagnosed in the past – but anti-infective agents been used for thousands of years. The Chinese recognized that mouldy soybean curd was effective against skin infections. Scabies was treated with sulfur. Mercury w ...
... Students may think there were no effective treatments for diseases because they were undiagnosed in the past – but anti-infective agents been used for thousands of years. The Chinese recognized that mouldy soybean curd was effective against skin infections. Scabies was treated with sulfur. Mercury w ...
General Properties of virus
... It is very smallest infectious agent (20 –350nm) Obligate intracellular parasites Contain only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA Do not possess cellular organization Lacks enzymes necessary for protein & NA synthesis Depends on host cell machinery for replication Causes a large ...
... It is very smallest infectious agent (20 –350nm) Obligate intracellular parasites Contain only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA Do not possess cellular organization Lacks enzymes necessary for protein & NA synthesis Depends on host cell machinery for replication Causes a large ...
What are viruses?
... but not in frequent cases, formation of cup shaped or leaf laminar (veins) outgrowth called "enation" appears on the back or underside of the leaf. The newly produced leaves are small, excessively crinkled and curled at the edge. Primary stem often tends to grow taller than normal. The internodes be ...
... but not in frequent cases, formation of cup shaped or leaf laminar (veins) outgrowth called "enation" appears on the back or underside of the leaf. The newly produced leaves are small, excessively crinkled and curled at the edge. Primary stem often tends to grow taller than normal. The internodes be ...
Virus 1+2-summary+quiz2017-03-04 06:551.4 MB
... An 8 year old child is presented with fever, malaise and cough he visits an E.R doctor in the hospital , the doctor suspects a viral infection he later diagnosed him with influenza. Based on this info answer the following… ...
... An 8 year old child is presented with fever, malaise and cough he visits an E.R doctor in the hospital , the doctor suspects a viral infection he later diagnosed him with influenza. Based on this info answer the following… ...
Virus or Bacteria... which needs the iron?
... breathing air exhaled by an infected person. Harmful pathogens are able to infiltrate the body by attaching directly on the surface of cells of an organ or by secreting toxins, which can cause disease locally or systemically by getting into the bloodstream of the host. ...
... breathing air exhaled by an infected person. Harmful pathogens are able to infiltrate the body by attaching directly on the surface of cells of an organ or by secreting toxins, which can cause disease locally or systemically by getting into the bloodstream of the host. ...
Viruses and Virus Genetics
... However, the infectious agent could not reproduce outside of the tobacco plant on any known growth medium, nor did it succumb to toxins that normally destroyed bacteria. Beijerinck postulated that the substance was a particle smaller and simpler than bacteria. Stanley confirmed Beijerinck's hypothes ...
... However, the infectious agent could not reproduce outside of the tobacco plant on any known growth medium, nor did it succumb to toxins that normally destroyed bacteria. Beijerinck postulated that the substance was a particle smaller and simpler than bacteria. Stanley confirmed Beijerinck's hypothes ...
Lets`s Get Small
... human hair. Label this one with the microbe name and a big G for “Guess.” 4. Now go back to the Microbe reference Chart and what size the microbe you selected really is. Return to your drawing and make another drawing the proper size. How does it compare to your original? 5. Circulate among the draw ...
... human hair. Label this one with the microbe name and a big G for “Guess.” 4. Now go back to the Microbe reference Chart and what size the microbe you selected really is. Return to your drawing and make another drawing the proper size. How does it compare to your original? 5. Circulate among the draw ...
White Paper # 206
... eventually come to life with results that range from merely annoying to disastrous. Electrical disturbances are quite similar. In fact they could reasonably be called “power viruses” since they, too, are unseen and can cause serious and expensive electronic system failure. Power Virus Origins Power ...
... eventually come to life with results that range from merely annoying to disastrous. Electrical disturbances are quite similar. In fact they could reasonably be called “power viruses” since they, too, are unseen and can cause serious and expensive electronic system failure. Power Virus Origins Power ...
bacteria and fungi Reproduction
... could include: nutrient cycling, food production, sewage treatment, food poisoning, disease in living things, microbial attack on everyday materials (helpful and harmful), antibiotics, and resistance to antibiotics. ...
... could include: nutrient cycling, food production, sewage treatment, food poisoning, disease in living things, microbial attack on everyday materials (helpful and harmful), antibiotics, and resistance to antibiotics. ...
Bacteria and Viruses Notes
... People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people. Are there human infections with swine flu in the U.S.? In late Mar ...
... People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people. Are there human infections with swine flu in the U.S.? In late Mar ...
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants, and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, about 5,000 virus species have been described in detail, although there are millions of different types. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology.While not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles. These viral particles, also known as virions, consist of two or three parts: (i) the genetic material made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; (ii) a protein coat, called the capsid, which surrounds and protects the genetic material; and in some cases (iii) an envelope of lipids that surrounds the protein coat when they are outside a cell. The shapes of these virus particles range from simple helical and icosahedral forms for some virus species to more complex structures for others. Most virus species have virions that are too small to be seen with an optical microscope. The average virion is about one one-hundredth the size of the average bacterium.The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity. Viruses are considered by some to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce, and evolve through natural selection. However they lack key characteristics (such as cell structure) that are generally considered necessary to count as life. Because they possess some but not all such qualities, viruses have been described as ""organisms at the edge of life"".Viruses spread in many ways; viruses in plants are often transmitted from plant to plant by insects that feed on plant sap, such as aphids; viruses in animals can be carried by blood-sucking insects. These disease-bearing organisms are known as vectors. Influenza viruses are spread by coughing and sneezing. Norovirus and rotavirus, common causes of viral gastroenteritis, are transmitted by the faecal–oral route and are passed from person to person by contact, entering the body in food or water. HIV is one of several viruses transmitted through sexual contact and by exposure to infected blood. The range of host cells that a virus can infect is called its ""host range"". This can be narrow, meaning a virus is capable of infecting few species, or broad, meaning it is capable of infecting many.Viral infections in animals provoke an immune response that usually eliminates the infecting virus. Immune responses can also be produced by vaccines, which confer an artificially acquired immunity to the specific viral infection. However, some viruses including those that cause AIDS and viral hepatitis evade these immune responses and result in chronic infections. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but several antiviral drugs have been developed.