File - Biology with Radjewski
... bacterium, or a toxin that causes an immune response when introduced to the body. • Vaccines have helped to greatly reduce certain viral diseases. • Viral vaccines are made from inactivated viruses, which are viruses that are unable to replicate in a host ...
... bacterium, or a toxin that causes an immune response when introduced to the body. • Vaccines have helped to greatly reduce certain viral diseases. • Viral vaccines are made from inactivated viruses, which are viruses that are unable to replicate in a host ...
Ch 18 Lecture
... a. Prions cause several degenerative brain diseases including scrapie in sheep, “mad cow disease”, and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in humans. b. Scientists hypothesize that prions are forms brain proteins that are misfolded. c. They can convert a normal protein into the prion version, creating a chai ...
... a. Prions cause several degenerative brain diseases including scrapie in sheep, “mad cow disease”, and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in humans. b. Scientists hypothesize that prions are forms brain proteins that are misfolded. c. They can convert a normal protein into the prion version, creating a chai ...
RLrM3wFG_Microbe_PowerPoint
... Viruses are not classified into a kingdom because…. They are not alive until they find a suitable host cell. On their own they….. can’t make their own food can’t reproduce on their own can’t undergo metabolic processes ...
... Viruses are not classified into a kingdom because…. They are not alive until they find a suitable host cell. On their own they….. can’t make their own food can’t reproduce on their own can’t undergo metabolic processes ...
Medical Virology - Med Study Group
... • Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites • Viruses cannot make energy or proteins independent of a host cell • Viral genome are RNA or DNA but not both. • Viruses have a naked capsid or envelope with attached proteins • Viruses do not have the genetic capability to multiply by division. • Viru ...
... • Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites • Viruses cannot make energy or proteins independent of a host cell • Viral genome are RNA or DNA but not both. • Viruses have a naked capsid or envelope with attached proteins • Viruses do not have the genetic capability to multiply by division. • Viru ...
Extremophiles - Cardinal Newman High School
... All viruses have A Nucleic acid core of DNA or RNA And a “capsid”. A capsid is a protective protein coat made of protein units called capsomeres. Some viruses also have An Envelope, which is a membrane-like structure outside the capsid that is usually made of lipids. Projections = protein con ...
... All viruses have A Nucleic acid core of DNA or RNA And a “capsid”. A capsid is a protective protein coat made of protein units called capsomeres. Some viruses also have An Envelope, which is a membrane-like structure outside the capsid that is usually made of lipids. Projections = protein con ...
Lesson Plan: Viruses and Evolution
... 1. Introduce the topic of viruses and evolution by leading a class discussion. Remind students that viruses are pathogens, which are disease--causing agents. Ask students, What are some other kinds of pathogens? Students should recall that some bacteria, protozoans, and fungi are pathogens. Ask, Wh ...
... 1. Introduce the topic of viruses and evolution by leading a class discussion. Remind students that viruses are pathogens, which are disease--causing agents. Ask students, What are some other kinds of pathogens? Students should recall that some bacteria, protozoans, and fungi are pathogens. Ask, Wh ...
الشريحة 1
... Hong Kong in 1997 where 18 persons were infected of which 6 died. •The source of the virus was probably from infected chickens and the outbreak was eventually controlled by a mass slaughter of chickens in the territory. •However, the strains involved were highly virulent for their natural avian host ...
... Hong Kong in 1997 where 18 persons were infected of which 6 died. •The source of the virus was probably from infected chickens and the outbreak was eventually controlled by a mass slaughter of chickens in the territory. •However, the strains involved were highly virulent for their natural avian host ...
Ebola strain variation in outbreaks
... The Ebola virus (EBOV) is one the most lethal pathogens with a structure similar to a filovirus. Its length varies from 800-1000 nm long and roughly 288 amino acids long. The amount of attenuations is what makes this particular virus so interesting, and deadly. Virons are generally tubular and can a ...
... The Ebola virus (EBOV) is one the most lethal pathogens with a structure similar to a filovirus. Its length varies from 800-1000 nm long and roughly 288 amino acids long. The amount of attenuations is what makes this particular virus so interesting, and deadly. Virons are generally tubular and can a ...
eprint_5_13643_353
... With togaviruses, the 49S genome RNA is first translated into polyprotein that is processed into the nonstructural proteins. The subgenomic 26S mRNA, which is transcribed from the full length -ve RNA, is translated into a smaller polyprotein that is processed into viral structural proteins. With cor ...
... With togaviruses, the 49S genome RNA is first translated into polyprotein that is processed into the nonstructural proteins. The subgenomic 26S mRNA, which is transcribed from the full length -ve RNA, is translated into a smaller polyprotein that is processed into viral structural proteins. With cor ...
In search of a Broad-spectrum anti
... anti-virals with a reasonably broad-spectrum of activity. Another article “Targeting inside-out phosptidylserine as a therapeutic strategy for viral diseases” (Nature Medicine 14:12, Dec 2008) by an unrelated group showed the use of a chimeric antibody against inside out phosphatidyl-serine molecule ...
... anti-virals with a reasonably broad-spectrum of activity. Another article “Targeting inside-out phosptidylserine as a therapeutic strategy for viral diseases” (Nature Medicine 14:12, Dec 2008) by an unrelated group showed the use of a chimeric antibody against inside out phosphatidyl-serine molecule ...
Taking a Closer Look at Kingdom Eubacteria, Archaea and (if we
... Microscopic Organisms • Microscopic bacteria and viruses are the cause of many diseases. – Respiratory infections – Flu – Plague ...
... Microscopic Organisms • Microscopic bacteria and viruses are the cause of many diseases. – Respiratory infections – Flu – Plague ...
Viruses
... nucleic acid molecule or several nucleic acid segments. The DNA or RNA may be single-stranded or double-stranded, and either linear or circular. Because viruses are so small, the size of the genome is limited. For example, the genome includes coded instructions for making only a few different protei ...
... nucleic acid molecule or several nucleic acid segments. The DNA or RNA may be single-stranded or double-stranded, and either linear or circular. Because viruses are so small, the size of the genome is limited. For example, the genome includes coded instructions for making only a few different protei ...
What are Antiviral agents
... • Antiviral agents are used to inhibit production of viruses that cause disease. Most antiviral agents are only effective while the virus is replicating. • It is difficult to find medicines that are selective for the virus as viruses share most of the metabolic processes of the host cell. However, s ...
... • Antiviral agents are used to inhibit production of viruses that cause disease. Most antiviral agents are only effective while the virus is replicating. • It is difficult to find medicines that are selective for the virus as viruses share most of the metabolic processes of the host cell. However, s ...
Viral reproductive cycle
... 1 Glycoproteins on the viral envelope bind to specific receptor molecules (not shown) on the host cell, promoting viral entry into the cell. ...
... 1 Glycoproteins on the viral envelope bind to specific receptor molecules (not shown) on the host cell, promoting viral entry into the cell. ...
29_viruses
... 4 New copies of viral genome RNA are made using complementary RNA strands as templates. ...
... 4 New copies of viral genome RNA are made using complementary RNA strands as templates. ...
Chapter Outline
... about inactivation of host genes not necessary to viral replication. iv. During maturation, viral DNA and capsids are assembled to produce several hundred viral particles and lysozyme, coded by the virus, is produced. v. When lysozyme disrupts the cell wall, release of the viral particles occurs and ...
... about inactivation of host genes not necessary to viral replication. iv. During maturation, viral DNA and capsids are assembled to produce several hundred viral particles and lysozyme, coded by the virus, is produced. v. When lysozyme disrupts the cell wall, release of the viral particles occurs and ...
Chapter 13 Viruses General Characteristics of all viruses
... General Characteristics of all viruses • Contain a single type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) • Contains a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid – Capsid: most of mass of cell (subunit=capsomers) – May be enclosed by envelope (part of host’s plasma membrane); may be covered with spikes ...
... General Characteristics of all viruses • Contain a single type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) • Contains a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid – Capsid: most of mass of cell (subunit=capsomers) – May be enclosed by envelope (part of host’s plasma membrane); may be covered with spikes ...
Microorganisms: Viruses
... One by one, have each student come to you, as you drop the pH indictor into their cups. If the fluid turns a pink color, it indicates they were infected by the virus. If it stays clear, they did not come in contact with the virus. g) Extend the activity by having students take on the role of epidemi ...
... One by one, have each student come to you, as you drop the pH indictor into their cups. If the fluid turns a pink color, it indicates they were infected by the virus. If it stays clear, they did not come in contact with the virus. g) Extend the activity by having students take on the role of epidemi ...
Viruses
... Experimental evidence (does a physical intervention show results consistent with the association) Analogy (is there a similar result that we can draw a relationship to) ...
... Experimental evidence (does a physical intervention show results consistent with the association) Analogy (is there a similar result that we can draw a relationship to) ...
LOct29 viruses.ppt
... § Viruses simply genetic information: DNA or RNA contained within protective coat • Inert particles: no metabolism, replication, motility ...
... § Viruses simply genetic information: DNA or RNA contained within protective coat • Inert particles: no metabolism, replication, motility ...
Modules10-17to10-22
... not clear because ther is no fossil record. The smallest genomes code for only four proteins and weigh about 106 daltons, while the largest weigh about 108 daltons and code for over ...
... not clear because ther is no fossil record. The smallest genomes code for only four proteins and weigh about 106 daltons, while the largest weigh about 108 daltons and code for over ...
PPT Version - OMICS International
... Scrapie in sheep& gaots, BSE in cattle, chronic wasting disease in deer and Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease in humans (CJD). ...
... Scrapie in sheep& gaots, BSE in cattle, chronic wasting disease in deer and Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease in humans (CJD). ...
viruses
... you may have had yourself—the common cold, influenza (flu), chicken pox, and measles. Viruses can also cause more serious diseases such as dengue fever (a disease spread by mosquitos characterized by high fever), encephalitis (a disease characterized by swelling of the brain), small pox, and AIDS. Som ...
... you may have had yourself—the common cold, influenza (flu), chicken pox, and measles. Viruses can also cause more serious diseases such as dengue fever (a disease spread by mosquitos characterized by high fever), encephalitis (a disease characterized by swelling of the brain), small pox, and AIDS. Som ...
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants, and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, about 5,000 virus species have been described in detail, although there are millions of different types. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology.While not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles. These viral particles, also known as virions, consist of two or three parts: (i) the genetic material made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; (ii) a protein coat, called the capsid, which surrounds and protects the genetic material; and in some cases (iii) an envelope of lipids that surrounds the protein coat when they are outside a cell. The shapes of these virus particles range from simple helical and icosahedral forms for some virus species to more complex structures for others. Most virus species have virions that are too small to be seen with an optical microscope. The average virion is about one one-hundredth the size of the average bacterium.The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity. Viruses are considered by some to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce, and evolve through natural selection. However they lack key characteristics (such as cell structure) that are generally considered necessary to count as life. Because they possess some but not all such qualities, viruses have been described as ""organisms at the edge of life"".Viruses spread in many ways; viruses in plants are often transmitted from plant to plant by insects that feed on plant sap, such as aphids; viruses in animals can be carried by blood-sucking insects. These disease-bearing organisms are known as vectors. Influenza viruses are spread by coughing and sneezing. Norovirus and rotavirus, common causes of viral gastroenteritis, are transmitted by the faecal–oral route and are passed from person to person by contact, entering the body in food or water. HIV is one of several viruses transmitted through sexual contact and by exposure to infected blood. The range of host cells that a virus can infect is called its ""host range"". This can be narrow, meaning a virus is capable of infecting few species, or broad, meaning it is capable of infecting many.Viral infections in animals provoke an immune response that usually eliminates the infecting virus. Immune responses can also be produced by vaccines, which confer an artificially acquired immunity to the specific viral infection. However, some viruses including those that cause AIDS and viral hepatitis evade these immune responses and result in chronic infections. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but several antiviral drugs have been developed.