Review Notes Chapter 26: Infectious Disease Prevention and
... sanitation, vaccines, and antibiotics had put an end to the epidemics that once ravaged entire populations. Infectious diseases have not vanished, however. They are still the number one cause of deaths worldwide. Organisms once susceptible to antibiotics are becoming increasingly drug resistant. New ...
... sanitation, vaccines, and antibiotics had put an end to the epidemics that once ravaged entire populations. Infectious diseases have not vanished, however. They are still the number one cause of deaths worldwide. Organisms once susceptible to antibiotics are becoming increasingly drug resistant. New ...
Ch 18 Viruses and Bacteria
... • Some relatively large viruses may have an additional layer, called an envelope, surrounding their capsids. ...
... • Some relatively large viruses may have an additional layer, called an envelope, surrounding their capsids. ...
Unit 1: History and Scope of Microbiology
... wounds – phenol sprayed in air around surgical incision Decreased number of post-operative infections in patients his published findings (1867) transformed the practice of surgery ...
... wounds – phenol sprayed in air around surgical incision Decreased number of post-operative infections in patients his published findings (1867) transformed the practice of surgery ...
Bacteria and Viruses C.20 powerpoint
... Health Organization. Cases have been reduced by 99.9% (From hundreds of thousands to 291 in 2012). This child is getting the oral vaccine which contains a weakened virus. ...
... Health Organization. Cases have been reduced by 99.9% (From hundreds of thousands to 291 in 2012). This child is getting the oral vaccine which contains a weakened virus. ...
Lecture #16 Bio3124 - University of Ottawa
... in liver and spleen • followed by secondary viremia • Day 10: moves to skin (vesicular rash) • vesicles erupt on face and upper trunk • filled with pus, rupture, covered by scabs • Diagnosis: by symptoms • Lab tests: not required, if so ELISA for IgM or PCR • Prevention: attenuated varicella vaccine ...
... in liver and spleen • followed by secondary viremia • Day 10: moves to skin (vesicular rash) • vesicles erupt on face and upper trunk • filled with pus, rupture, covered by scabs • Diagnosis: by symptoms • Lab tests: not required, if so ELISA for IgM or PCR • Prevention: attenuated varicella vaccine ...
The Viruses Part I - Université d`Ottawa
... Viruses are ancient many epidemics of viral diseases occurred before anyone understood the nature of their causative agents. ...
... Viruses are ancient many epidemics of viral diseases occurred before anyone understood the nature of their causative agents. ...
Public Health
... • Meningitis (both viral and bacterial types) – Causes swelling of meningeal tissue surrounding brain and spinal cord. Can be severe and cause permanent brain damage or death. Bacterial type is more dangerous, and vaccinations are critical. ...
... • Meningitis (both viral and bacterial types) – Causes swelling of meningeal tissue surrounding brain and spinal cord. Can be severe and cause permanent brain damage or death. Bacterial type is more dangerous, and vaccinations are critical. ...
HIV-Related Conditions and Opportunistic Infections
... • Unintended and progressive weight loss often accompanied by fever, diarrhea, nutritional deficiencies, and weakness • Diagnosed in HIV-positive patients who have unintentionally lost more than 10 percent of their body weight ...
... • Unintended and progressive weight loss often accompanied by fever, diarrhea, nutritional deficiencies, and weakness • Diagnosed in HIV-positive patients who have unintentionally lost more than 10 percent of their body weight ...
Gram-negative bacteria
... Candidates for the source of viral genomes are plasmids (circular DNA in bacteria and yeasts) and transposons (small mobile DNA segments) – Plasmids, transposons, and viruses are all ...
... Candidates for the source of viral genomes are plasmids (circular DNA in bacteria and yeasts) and transposons (small mobile DNA segments) – Plasmids, transposons, and viruses are all ...
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
... viruses might be better protected against this viral subtype than those who were first exposed to other influenza A subtypes, H2N2 and H3N2, at a later date . ...
... viruses might be better protected against this viral subtype than those who were first exposed to other influenza A subtypes, H2N2 and H3N2, at a later date . ...
Bacterial diseases
... Major cause of common cold (beyond adenoviruses) Over 100 subtypes Usual signs ...
... Major cause of common cold (beyond adenoviruses) Over 100 subtypes Usual signs ...
17-1 Viruses The name
... If it finds its way into a place free of __________ and filled with __________, they grow very quickly They produce __________ that cause “botulism” These are deadly; they interfere with __________ activity, causing __________ and sometimes __________ Commercially canned goods are safe because: ...
... If it finds its way into a place free of __________ and filled with __________, they grow very quickly They produce __________ that cause “botulism” These are deadly; they interfere with __________ activity, causing __________ and sometimes __________ Commercially canned goods are safe because: ...
Genetic engineering and bioweapons
... The basic tools and materials for making biological weapons (bioweapons) are the same as those used in ‘legitimate’ genetic modification (GM) applications. The possibilities for more lethal bioweapons have increased in the post-genomics era, and genetic engineering has opened many new and worrying a ...
... The basic tools and materials for making biological weapons (bioweapons) are the same as those used in ‘legitimate’ genetic modification (GM) applications. The possibilities for more lethal bioweapons have increased in the post-genomics era, and genetic engineering has opened many new and worrying a ...
Medical Microbiology Shanghai Medical College of Fudan
... 1. Immunity and immune responses against bacterial infection 2. Mechanisms of innate immunity (barriers, phagocytes, complement system etc.) 3. Mechanisms of specific host defense (humoral immunity, cell-mediadted immunity, their activities on exocellular/ or intracellular bacterial infection. 4. Pr ...
... 1. Immunity and immune responses against bacterial infection 2. Mechanisms of innate immunity (barriers, phagocytes, complement system etc.) 3. Mechanisms of specific host defense (humoral immunity, cell-mediadted immunity, their activities on exocellular/ or intracellular bacterial infection. 4. Pr ...
Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria-ap
... pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen ...
... pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen ...
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
... • Attenuated vaccines traditionally use nonpathogenic bacteria or viruses related to their pathogenic counterparts • Genetic manipulation may also be used to create attenuated vaccines by deleting a key disease causing gene from the pathogenic agent • Example: the enterotoxin gene for the A1 peptide ...
... • Attenuated vaccines traditionally use nonpathogenic bacteria or viruses related to their pathogenic counterparts • Genetic manipulation may also be used to create attenuated vaccines by deleting a key disease causing gene from the pathogenic agent • Example: the enterotoxin gene for the A1 peptide ...
Unit (1) - 1- The microbe which is able to live in extreme
... area is called : a) Sporadic b) None of all c) Epidemic d) Endemic 3- the level of prevention that is concerned with health education is : a) Primary prevention b) Tertiary prevention c) Secondary prevention d) All 4- All are measures to control disease source except : a) treatment b) quarantine c) ...
... area is called : a) Sporadic b) None of all c) Epidemic d) Endemic 3- the level of prevention that is concerned with health education is : a) Primary prevention b) Tertiary prevention c) Secondary prevention d) All 4- All are measures to control disease source except : a) treatment b) quarantine c) ...
Quantitative Microbiology.pdf
... • At some time before 1668, he learned to grind lenses, made simple microscopes, and began observing with them. ...
... • At some time before 1668, he learned to grind lenses, made simple microscopes, and began observing with them. ...
Pathogens – Bacteria & Viruses
... Credit: © Dr. George Chapman/Visuals Unlimited T4 Bacteriophages on Escherichia coli) bacteria. T4 bacteriophages are parasites of E. coli, a bacteria common in the human gut. The virus attaches itself to the host bacteria cell wall by its tail fibers. The sheath then contracts, injecting the conte ...
... Credit: © Dr. George Chapman/Visuals Unlimited T4 Bacteriophages on Escherichia coli) bacteria. T4 bacteriophages are parasites of E. coli, a bacteria common in the human gut. The virus attaches itself to the host bacteria cell wall by its tail fibers. The sheath then contracts, injecting the conte ...
doc MIMM 211 Lecture Notes 2
... Richard Petri- (another one of Koch's assistants)- invented Petri Dish ...
... Richard Petri- (another one of Koch's assistants)- invented Petri Dish ...
Lecture 5 (Ch6) - Viruses Virus Characteristics Viral Host Range
... – Some carry copies of oncogenes as part of their genomes – Some promote oncogenes already present in host – Some interfere with tumor repression when inserted into host’s ...
... – Some carry copies of oncogenes as part of their genomes – Some promote oncogenes already present in host – Some interfere with tumor repression when inserted into host’s ...
viruses
... Because viruses are dependent on living things, it seems likely that viruses developed after living cells. The first viruses may have evolved from genetic material of living cells. Viruses have continued to evolve over billions of years. ...
... Because viruses are dependent on living things, it seems likely that viruses developed after living cells. The first viruses may have evolved from genetic material of living cells. Viruses have continued to evolve over billions of years. ...
VBAC vs. repeat C
... How to detect HPV? • A pap smear can be used as an effective test for HPV in women • virus typing is done when an abnormal pap is detected to determine which of the 40 types of HPV is present • HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-35, HPV39, HPV-45, HPV-51, HPV-52, and HPV58 are the “high risk” or precancer ...
... How to detect HPV? • A pap smear can be used as an effective test for HPV in women • virus typing is done when an abnormal pap is detected to determine which of the 40 types of HPV is present • HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-35, HPV39, HPV-45, HPV-51, HPV-52, and HPV58 are the “high risk” or precancer ...
Cheng Zhang`s Muslim Medic Microbiology
... • Many asymptomatic. Cause epidemics/pandemics when viruses jump from native species to unnatural host e.g. H1N1 (Spanish Flu) 1918/19 killed 40 million, SARS-CoV, HIV • Zoonosis ...
... • Many asymptomatic. Cause epidemics/pandemics when viruses jump from native species to unnatural host e.g. H1N1 (Spanish Flu) 1918/19 killed 40 million, SARS-CoV, HIV • Zoonosis ...
Chapter 35 Hepatitis viruses
... Serology is not useful for discriminating acute or chronic infection Real-time PCR is assay of choice (viral load) ...
... Serology is not useful for discriminating acute or chronic infection Real-time PCR is assay of choice (viral load) ...
Social history of viruses
The social history of viruses describes the influence of viruses and viral infections on human history. Epidemics caused by viruses began when human behaviour changed during the Neolithic period, around 12,000 years ago, when humans developed more densely populated agricultural communities. This allowed viruses to spread rapidly and subsequently to become endemic. Viruses of plants and livestock also increased, and as humans became dependent on agriculture and farming, diseases such as potyviruses of potatoes and rinderpest of cattle had devastating consequences.Smallpox and measles viruses are among the oldest that infect humans. Having evolved from viruses that infected other animals, they first appeared in humans in Europe and North Africa thousands of years ago. The viruses were later carried to the New World by Europeans during the time of the Spanish Conquests, but the indigenous people had no natural resistance to the viruses and millions of them died during epidemics. Influenza pandemics have been recorded since 1580, and they have occurred with increasing frequency in subsequent centuries. The pandemic of 1918–19, in which 40–50 million died in less than a year, was one of the most devastating in history.Louis Pasteur and Edward Jenner were the first to develop vaccines to protect against viral infections. The nature of viruses remained unknown until the invention of the electron microscope in the 1930s, when the science of virology gained momentum. In the 20th century many diseases both old and new were found to be caused by viruses. There were epidemics of poliomyelitis that were only controlled following the development of a vaccine in the 1950s. HIV is one of the most pathogenic new viruses to have emerged in centuries. Although scientific interest in them arose because of the diseases they cause, most viruses are beneficial. They drive evolution by transferring genes across species, play important roles in ecosystems and are essential to life.