UG Microbiology QP Jan 2008 Dec 2013
... comment on merits and demerits of hot air oven and mention sterilization ...
... comment on merits and demerits of hot air oven and mention sterilization ...
Common Communicable Diseases
... Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections Smoking can contribute to illness by damaging cilia and irritating respiratory passages. In addition, symptoms of these diseases may be more severe in smokers. Smoking also can suppress the immune system. ...
... Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections Smoking can contribute to illness by damaging cilia and irritating respiratory passages. In addition, symptoms of these diseases may be more severe in smokers. Smoking also can suppress the immune system. ...
Document
... Bacteria can evolve very fast due to the speed at which new mutations can spread within the rapidly growing bacteria. The short life cycle of bacteria mean mutations (changes) can be passed on very quickly so bacteria become resistant to antibiotics very fast. ...
... Bacteria can evolve very fast due to the speed at which new mutations can spread within the rapidly growing bacteria. The short life cycle of bacteria mean mutations (changes) can be passed on very quickly so bacteria become resistant to antibiotics very fast. ...
Sterilization and disinfection
... Filtration (for sol. And gases) May be done under either negative or positive pressure. Best known example is the membrane filter made from cellulose acetate. Generally removes most bacteria, but viruses and some small bacteria e.g. Chlamydias & Mycoplasmas may pass through. Thus filtration does n ...
... Filtration (for sol. And gases) May be done under either negative or positive pressure. Best known example is the membrane filter made from cellulose acetate. Generally removes most bacteria, but viruses and some small bacteria e.g. Chlamydias & Mycoplasmas may pass through. Thus filtration does n ...
True bacteria –Cocci- Gram positive cocci Staphylococci (A
... MRSA strains are also resistant to many other antibiotics, some being sensitive only to glycopeptides such as vancomycin. (2)- community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). The most common clinical manifestations of CA-MRSA are skin and soft tissue infections (abscesses or cellulitis). Less commonly, can cause ...
... MRSA strains are also resistant to many other antibiotics, some being sensitive only to glycopeptides such as vancomycin. (2)- community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). The most common clinical manifestations of CA-MRSA are skin and soft tissue infections (abscesses or cellulitis). Less commonly, can cause ...
Types of Anaerobes
... Facultative anaerobes use aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen; without oxygen, some of them ferment; some use anaerobic respiration. Some species in the Staphylococcus genus are facultative, and are a leading cause of blood poisoning. ...
... Facultative anaerobes use aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen; without oxygen, some of them ferment; some use anaerobic respiration. Some species in the Staphylococcus genus are facultative, and are a leading cause of blood poisoning. ...
metronidazole - Fakultas Farmasi Unand
... • Giardia lamblia (also known as G. duodenalis) was treated with metronidazole after this luminal parasite was recognized as a cause of malabsorption and epigastric pain in the 1970s ...
... • Giardia lamblia (also known as G. duodenalis) was treated with metronidazole after this luminal parasite was recognized as a cause of malabsorption and epigastric pain in the 1970s ...
Integumentary System – Catalase, Mannitol Salt Agar
... • Mannitol Salt Agar is a growth medium containing the sugar mannitol and high concentrations of salt. • Mannitol salt agar is both a selective and differential medium used to detect and differentiate Staphylococcus species • Selective because it contains a high concentration of salt (7.5% NaCl) whi ...
... • Mannitol Salt Agar is a growth medium containing the sugar mannitol and high concentrations of salt. • Mannitol salt agar is both a selective and differential medium used to detect and differentiate Staphylococcus species • Selective because it contains a high concentration of salt (7.5% NaCl) whi ...
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FREE
... Phage stability: The dilution end point (DEP) of partial purified phage suspension was determined using a serial two fold dilutions up to 1/32. Spot test was used to detect the presence of phage in diluted suspension. Regarding phage longevity at 4°C, a number of five fresh tubes containing one mL o ...
... Phage stability: The dilution end point (DEP) of partial purified phage suspension was determined using a serial two fold dilutions up to 1/32. Spot test was used to detect the presence of phage in diluted suspension. Regarding phage longevity at 4°C, a number of five fresh tubes containing one mL o ...
Purple Bacteria
... Gas vesicles: provide flotation, so the cells will remain where there is most light. Heterocysts: rounded, distributed regularly along a filament or at one end of a filament, are the sole sites of nitrogen fixation in heterocystous cyanobacteria Heterocysts in cyanobacterium Anabaena ...
... Gas vesicles: provide flotation, so the cells will remain where there is most light. Heterocysts: rounded, distributed regularly along a filament or at one end of a filament, are the sole sites of nitrogen fixation in heterocystous cyanobacteria Heterocysts in cyanobacterium Anabaena ...
Bacteria morphology
... Bacteria can evolve very fast due to the speed at which new mutations can spread within the rapidly growing bacteria. The short life cycle of bacteria mean mutations (changes) can be passed on very quickly so bacteria become resistant to antibiotics very fast. ...
... Bacteria can evolve very fast due to the speed at which new mutations can spread within the rapidly growing bacteria. The short life cycle of bacteria mean mutations (changes) can be passed on very quickly so bacteria become resistant to antibiotics very fast. ...
The SACGM Compendium of guidance - Part 2: Risk
... 2.1 Risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms (other than ...
... 2.1 Risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms (other than ...
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
... 37. Humoral immunity (the mechanisms of B-cells activation): activation of Blymphocytes (main scheme). B-cell as an antigen presenting cell. 38. The general scheme of humoral immune response. The mechanisms of the effector’s action of antibodies (main scheme only). 39. The mechanisms of the effector ...
... 37. Humoral immunity (the mechanisms of B-cells activation): activation of Blymphocytes (main scheme). B-cell as an antigen presenting cell. 38. The general scheme of humoral immune response. The mechanisms of the effector’s action of antibodies (main scheme only). 39. The mechanisms of the effector ...
SECTION VI HOmElaNd SECurITy
... biomolecules secreted by potentially harmful bacteria; in determination of the effects of a potential infection or contamination in living organisms; and even in the process of development of antibodies and vaccines for certain high-risk pathogens. Extensive studies are focusing on the portability a ...
... biomolecules secreted by potentially harmful bacteria; in determination of the effects of a potential infection or contamination in living organisms; and even in the process of development of antibodies and vaccines for certain high-risk pathogens. Extensive studies are focusing on the portability a ...
Cycle 33 Organism 4 - Streptococcus pyogenes
... S. pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis commonly referred to as strep throat. Other respiratory infections include sinusitis, otitis, and pneumonia. Infections of the skin can be superficial (impetigo) or deep (cellulitis). Invasive streptococci cause ...
... S. pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis commonly referred to as strep throat. Other respiratory infections include sinusitis, otitis, and pneumonia. Infections of the skin can be superficial (impetigo) or deep (cellulitis). Invasive streptococci cause ...
Feline Leukemia
... quantities in saliva and nasal secretions, but also in urine, feces, and milk from infected cats. Catto-cat transfer of virus may occur from a bite wound, during mutual grooming, and (though rarely) through the shared use of litter boxes and feeding dishes. Transmission can also take place from an i ...
... quantities in saliva and nasal secretions, but also in urine, feces, and milk from infected cats. Catto-cat transfer of virus may occur from a bite wound, during mutual grooming, and (though rarely) through the shared use of litter boxes and feeding dishes. Transmission can also take place from an i ...
Indigenous Unknowns Lab Report Introduction
... stain indicate that all three bacteria were gram positive cocci. Because the cells of skin bacteria #1 were arranged in clusters and not chains, this indicates that the genus of this organism may be Staphylococcus rather than Streptococcus. Because MacConkey supports the grown of gram negative bact ...
... stain indicate that all three bacteria were gram positive cocci. Because the cells of skin bacteria #1 were arranged in clusters and not chains, this indicates that the genus of this organism may be Staphylococcus rather than Streptococcus. Because MacConkey supports the grown of gram negative bact ...
UExcel® Official Content Guide for Microbiology
... Become an active user of the resource materials. Aim for understanding rather than memorization. The more active you are when you study, the more likely you will be to retain, understand, and apply the information. The following techniques are generally considered to be active learning: • preview o ...
... Become an active user of the resource materials. Aim for understanding rather than memorization. The more active you are when you study, the more likely you will be to retain, understand, and apply the information. The following techniques are generally considered to be active learning: • preview o ...
Microbiology Section C
... Name the parts labelled A, B and C. (iv) 1. Give a role, other than anchorage, for structure X. 2. Describe how X carries out this role. (v) Which term describes the mode of nutrition of this organism. (vi) The cells of this organism are described as eukaryotic. Give two characteristic features of e ...
... Name the parts labelled A, B and C. (iv) 1. Give a role, other than anchorage, for structure X. 2. Describe how X carries out this role. (v) Which term describes the mode of nutrition of this organism. (vi) The cells of this organism are described as eukaryotic. Give two characteristic features of e ...
Microbes - KICS Learns
... shape: Viruses have regular and geometric shapes. structure: A virus is a simple organism which does not display ALL the characteristics of living things. They are made up of a protein coating and some genetic material. reproduction: Viruses can only grow and reproduce within other living things. 1 ...
... shape: Viruses have regular and geometric shapes. structure: A virus is a simple organism which does not display ALL the characteristics of living things. They are made up of a protein coating and some genetic material. reproduction: Viruses can only grow and reproduce within other living things. 1 ...
Friends Foes Bacterial Friends and Foes
... study bacteria.The sequencing of genomes of known species is providing a mass of fascinating data (see page 12). Many thousands of bacteria living on Earth have yet to be discovered.DNA analysis of, for example, marine sediments is r evealing a whole range of previously unknown species. Some bacteri ...
... study bacteria.The sequencing of genomes of known species is providing a mass of fascinating data (see page 12). Many thousands of bacteria living on Earth have yet to be discovered.DNA analysis of, for example, marine sediments is r evealing a whole range of previously unknown species. Some bacteri ...
84-431-2-SP - Iranian Journal of Health, Safety and Environment
... of sand flies and the diseases they transmit are also expanding. New viral diseases of humans transmitted by sand flies are being reported as well (47). The disease can present in three main ways as: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis (8). Cutaneous leishmaniasis is more prevalent t ...
... of sand flies and the diseases they transmit are also expanding. New viral diseases of humans transmitted by sand flies are being reported as well (47). The disease can present in three main ways as: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis (8). Cutaneous leishmaniasis is more prevalent t ...
S - College of Veterinary Medicine
... valid, and consistent test results to aid in the protection of animal and human health. Other services include a wide range of surveillance testing for early detection and identification of foreign animal and emerging domestic disease agents, as well as acts of bioterrorism directed at human and liv ...
... valid, and consistent test results to aid in the protection of animal and human health. Other services include a wide range of surveillance testing for early detection and identification of foreign animal and emerging domestic disease agents, as well as acts of bioterrorism directed at human and liv ...
Vol. 14 No. 11 - Beneficial Bacteria
... mucosa. They compete with other microbes for food, which also holds down the growth of infectious organisms. Friendly bacteria even produce chemicals that are deadly to harmful forms of bacteria, so they act as natural antibiotic agents against harmful bacteria. Another benefit of friendly bacteria ...
... mucosa. They compete with other microbes for food, which also holds down the growth of infectious organisms. Friendly bacteria even produce chemicals that are deadly to harmful forms of bacteria, so they act as natural antibiotic agents against harmful bacteria. Another benefit of friendly bacteria ...
Equine Infectious Disease and Microbial Resistance to Antibiotics
... in killing the broadest array of normal equine flora. Only the resistance developed. One possibility for bacterial one GM zone was measured as resistant for all twenty resistance to antibiotics usually used for human disease is seven horses. This is good news for veterinarians, as the use of some an ...
... in killing the broadest array of normal equine flora. Only the resistance developed. One possibility for bacterial one GM zone was measured as resistant for all twenty resistance to antibiotics usually used for human disease is seven horses. This is good news for veterinarians, as the use of some an ...
History of virology
The history of virology – the scientific study of viruses and the infections they cause – began in the closing years of the 19th century. Although Louis Pasteur and Edward Jenner developed the first vaccines to protect against viral infections, they did not know that viruses existed. The first evidence of the existence of viruses came from experiments with filters that had pores small enough to retain bacteria. In 1892, Dmitry Ivanovsky used one of these filters to show that sap from a diseased tobacco plant remained infectious to healthy tobacco plants despite having been filtered. Martinus Beijerinck called the filtered, infectious substance a ""virus"" and this discovery is considered to be the beginning of virology. By the 20th century many viruses were discovered.