Biodiversity Conservation, Ecosystem Functioning, and Economic
... Cocoa, “the chocolate tree,” is traditionally produced under a diverse and dense canopy of shade trees that provide habitat for a high diversity of organisms. The current trend to reduce or eliminate shade cover raises concerns about the potential loss of biodiversity. Nevertheless, few studies have ...
... Cocoa, “the chocolate tree,” is traditionally produced under a diverse and dense canopy of shade trees that provide habitat for a high diversity of organisms. The current trend to reduce or eliminate shade cover raises concerns about the potential loss of biodiversity. Nevertheless, few studies have ...
PDF 1.1 MB - LUCID EAST AFRICA
... 1986). Rangeland vegetation has multiple uses. These include forage for livestock (especially herbage for grazers) which is usually seen as the principle product of rangelands. Rangelands also provide a variety of other important products, services and values. These include, habitat, biodiversity, p ...
... 1986). Rangeland vegetation has multiple uses. These include forage for livestock (especially herbage for grazers) which is usually seen as the principle product of rangelands. Rangelands also provide a variety of other important products, services and values. These include, habitat, biodiversity, p ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... favouring highly competent species in communities are expected to increase transmission rate ...
... favouring highly competent species in communities are expected to increase transmission rate ...
Kamau_LUCID_WP36
... 1986). Rangeland vegetation has multiple uses. These include forage for livestock (especially herbage for grazers) which is usually seen as the principle product of rangelands. Rangelands also provide a variety of other important products, services and values. These include, habitat, biodiversity, p ...
... 1986). Rangeland vegetation has multiple uses. These include forage for livestock (especially herbage for grazers) which is usually seen as the principle product of rangelands. Rangelands also provide a variety of other important products, services and values. These include, habitat, biodiversity, p ...
Evolution of Stable Ecosystems in Populations of
... In both environments 9 resources were present. These could be “metabolized” by performing logical computations. The full set of computations rewarded were: Not, Nand, And, OrNot, Or, AndNot, Nor, Xor, and Equals. To complete one of these computations, the organisms must input one or two 32-bit numbe ...
... In both environments 9 resources were present. These could be “metabolized” by performing logical computations. The full set of computations rewarded were: Not, Nand, And, OrNot, Or, AndNot, Nor, Xor, and Equals. To complete one of these computations, the organisms must input one or two 32-bit numbe ...
Ecology, Second Edition
... CONCEPT 11.1 Competition occurs between individuals of two species that share the use of a resource that limits their growth, survival, or reproduction. 243 Competition for Resources 243 ...
... CONCEPT 11.1 Competition occurs between individuals of two species that share the use of a resource that limits their growth, survival, or reproduction. 243 Competition for Resources 243 ...
a full - British Ecological Society
... must be small enough that individuals can move among populations in different local habitats. The scale of the local habitat depends upon the taxon in question. It may be a lOOm2 old field for an assemblage of herbivorous insects, a 1-ha pond for dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare wood ...
... must be small enough that individuals can move among populations in different local habitats. The scale of the local habitat depends upon the taxon in question. It may be a lOOm2 old field for an assemblage of herbivorous insects, a 1-ha pond for dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare wood ...
trophic roles and ecological functions provided by a
... clean water. In addition to clean water, functionally intact and biologically complex freshwater ecosystems also provide many other economically valuable services and long-term benefits to human societies such as food supply, flood control, habitat for animal and plant life and the adaptive capacity ...
... clean water. In addition to clean water, functionally intact and biologically complex freshwater ecosystems also provide many other economically valuable services and long-term benefits to human societies such as food supply, flood control, habitat for animal and plant life and the adaptive capacity ...
CBD Fourth National Report - Botswana (English version)
... Better understanding of biodiversity and ecological processes ..................................................... 58 2.3.2 Long-term conservation of Botswana's biological diversity, genetic resources and related knowledge ............................................................................ ...
... Better understanding of biodiversity and ecological processes ..................................................... 58 2.3.2 Long-term conservation of Botswana's biological diversity, genetic resources and related knowledge ............................................................................ ...
Author`s personal copy
... This article introduces a Special Issue on biodiversity of Palaearctic grasslands and provides a synthesis of the current knowledge on this topic. Four major categories of grasslands can be distinguished in the Palaearctic biogeographic realm: (a) zonal steppes (in areas too dry for forests), (b) ar ...
... This article introduces a Special Issue on biodiversity of Palaearctic grasslands and provides a synthesis of the current knowledge on this topic. Four major categories of grasslands can be distinguished in the Palaearctic biogeographic realm: (a) zonal steppes (in areas too dry for forests), (b) ar ...
Plant Attribute Diversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Function: The
... the presence of 90 different plant types, based on an environmental envelope comprised of eight biocli- ...
... the presence of 90 different plant types, based on an environmental envelope comprised of eight biocli- ...
A Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness Research
... to test methods to engage members of the general public in a debate on biodiversity-related topics which are suitable for scientific research. The events were designed to meet these requirements and to provide a basis for future research on public attitudes to biodiversity-related issues. They can b ...
... to test methods to engage members of the general public in a debate on biodiversity-related topics which are suitable for scientific research. The events were designed to meet these requirements and to provide a basis for future research on public attitudes to biodiversity-related issues. They can b ...
Impact of farm size and topography on plant and
... the detrimental effect of intensive grassland management such as high cutting frequency or intensive grazing on plant and invertebrate diversity (Kruess and Tscharntke, 2002; Schwab et al., 2002; Myklestad and Sætersdal, 2004; Maurer et al., 2006; Marini et al., 2008). Against the background of dras ...
... the detrimental effect of intensive grassland management such as high cutting frequency or intensive grazing on plant and invertebrate diversity (Kruess and Tscharntke, 2002; Schwab et al., 2002; Myklestad and Sætersdal, 2004; Maurer et al., 2006; Marini et al., 2008). Against the background of dras ...
Exergetic Model of Secondary Successions for Plant Communities in
... to define vectors that show the tendencies of the communities towards other states. Within the subregion of Arid Chaco, mature communities of Aspidosperma quebracho blanco represent the quasistable equilibrium communities or “climax,” similar to that observed in the Chancanı́ Natural Reserve (Córdo ...
... to define vectors that show the tendencies of the communities towards other states. Within the subregion of Arid Chaco, mature communities of Aspidosperma quebracho blanco represent the quasistable equilibrium communities or “climax,” similar to that observed in the Chancanı́ Natural Reserve (Córdo ...
plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the pacific
... of old-growth ecosystems have stimulated critical review and revision of existing forest management policies. However, studies of the consequences of forest management for plant species diversity are sorely lacking. We present data from permanent-plot and chronosequence studies in managed and unmana ...
... of old-growth ecosystems have stimulated critical review and revision of existing forest management policies. However, studies of the consequences of forest management for plant species diversity are sorely lacking. We present data from permanent-plot and chronosequence studies in managed and unmana ...
Progress in wetland restoration ecology
... US$33 trillion per year) are prosmall, recently restored sites, and vided by shallow waters, even most of the assessments were though these ecosystems cover based only on short-term studies, a only 1.5% of the earth’s surface. few sampling episodes and a few Typically, wetland restoration aims to re ...
... US$33 trillion per year) are prosmall, recently restored sites, and vided by shallow waters, even most of the assessments were though these ecosystems cover based only on short-term studies, a only 1.5% of the earth’s surface. few sampling episodes and a few Typically, wetland restoration aims to re ...
Part I: chapters, but I will cover them rapidly. The outlines will be
... Your text uses +/– symbols to indicate how interspecific interactions affect survival and reproduction of the two species. Use this notation for each of these interactions. Type of Interaction ...
... Your text uses +/– symbols to indicate how interspecific interactions affect survival and reproduction of the two species. Use this notation for each of these interactions. Type of Interaction ...
IMPLICATIONS OF PLANT DIVERSITY AND SOIL CHEMICAL
... direct evidence of any mechanisms responsible for lowering soil pH in cogongrass invaded patches, allelopathy or the preferential uptake of ammonium seems to be plausible mechanisms. The results from both the logged and unlogged sites do not support the general hypothesis of Elton that invasion resi ...
... direct evidence of any mechanisms responsible for lowering soil pH in cogongrass invaded patches, allelopathy or the preferential uptake of ammonium seems to be plausible mechanisms. The results from both the logged and unlogged sites do not support the general hypothesis of Elton that invasion resi ...
Environmental change and the option value of genetic diversity
... When subject to environmental change, genetic diversity therefore has a value that is likely to be proportional to its amount [12]. However, as we are unable to predict the future beyond the extrapolation of current trends, we are unable to determine the evolutionary direction that any species will ...
... When subject to environmental change, genetic diversity therefore has a value that is likely to be proportional to its amount [12]. However, as we are unable to predict the future beyond the extrapolation of current trends, we are unable to determine the evolutionary direction that any species will ...
Gardenification of tropical conserved wildlands
... want a sample delivered next week (tomorrow?—well, that costs a little more). From which of these two freezers would you order your sample? If you order from the brown freezer, you get a sequence, and you get the same associated information in hand as at the time it went into the freezer. And in som ...
... want a sample delivered next week (tomorrow?—well, that costs a little more). From which of these two freezers would you order your sample? If you order from the brown freezer, you get a sequence, and you get the same associated information in hand as at the time it went into the freezer. And in som ...
Pages 304-308 - KSU Web Home
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from
... De´partement de Sciences Biologiques, Universite´ de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7 Canada ...
... De´partement de Sciences Biologiques, Universite´ de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7 Canada ...
Staddon et al 2010
... Gonzalez et al. 2009) asserts that productivity and stability of ecosystem functions are dependent on the rate of dispersal within fragmented landscapes. We tested a prediction from the spatial insurance hypothesis (Loreau et al. 2003), that habitat connectivity mediates the magnitude and timing of ...
... Gonzalez et al. 2009) asserts that productivity and stability of ecosystem functions are dependent on the rate of dispersal within fragmented landscapes. We tested a prediction from the spatial insurance hypothesis (Loreau et al. 2003), that habitat connectivity mediates the magnitude and timing of ...
Genetic diversity and differentiation in Camellia reticulata - Funpec-RP
... A high level of genetic diversity may be the result of the common character of Camellia species as well as the individuated character of C. reticulata, because the genetic diversity of species in Camellia is higher than the mean level of genetic diversity in other plants, and the genetic diversity o ...
... A high level of genetic diversity may be the result of the common character of Camellia species as well as the individuated character of C. reticulata, because the genetic diversity of species in Camellia is higher than the mean level of genetic diversity in other plants, and the genetic diversity o ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.