Experimental Tests of the Dependence of Arthropod Diversity on Plant Diversity
... diversity on ecosystem functioning (Tilman et al. 1997). The experimental design and setup are reported in detail elsewhere (Tilman et al. 1994). In August 1993, the field was sprayed with a general herbicide (Round-Up, Monsanto, St. Louis) and burned after the vegetation was dead and dry. The upper ...
... diversity on ecosystem functioning (Tilman et al. 1997). The experimental design and setup are reported in detail elsewhere (Tilman et al. 1994). In August 1993, the field was sprayed with a general herbicide (Round-Up, Monsanto, St. Louis) and burned after the vegetation was dead and dry. The upper ...
Effects of wave exposure on
... ABSTRACT Effects of wave-exposure on a fore-reef community were investigated by quantitative biomass sampling and field manipulations at Galeta Point, Caribbean Panama. Three predictions of Connell's (1978) intermediate-disturbance hypothesis are examined: (1) community diversity should be low in hi ...
... ABSTRACT Effects of wave-exposure on a fore-reef community were investigated by quantitative biomass sampling and field manipulations at Galeta Point, Caribbean Panama. Three predictions of Connell's (1978) intermediate-disturbance hypothesis are examined: (1) community diversity should be low in hi ...
Metaâ•`analysis of the effects of small mammal
... of Science and Google Scholar for reports of mammals of body mass up to 6 kg that created trails, runways, mounds, burrows, tunnels or lawns. Although 6 kg is arguably medium-sized, this cut-off allowed us to include important relevant research on European rabbits, vizcachas, and marmots, which with ...
... of Science and Google Scholar for reports of mammals of body mass up to 6 kg that created trails, runways, mounds, burrows, tunnels or lawns. Although 6 kg is arguably medium-sized, this cut-off allowed us to include important relevant research on European rabbits, vizcachas, and marmots, which with ...
IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of
... general, and for small island countries in particular. Problems also arise in other isolated habitats and ecosystems, such as in Antarctica. The physical isolation of islands over millions of years has favored the evolution of unique species and ecosystems. As a consequence, islands and other isolat ...
... general, and for small island countries in particular. Problems also arise in other isolated habitats and ecosystems, such as in Antarctica. The physical isolation of islands over millions of years has favored the evolution of unique species and ecosystems. As a consequence, islands and other isolat ...
iucn guidelines for the prevention of biodiversity loss
... arise in other isolated habitats and ecosystems, such as in Antarctica. The physical isolation of islands over millions of years has favored the evolution of unique species and ecosystems. As a consequence, islands and other isolated areas (e.g. mountains and lakes) usually have a high proportion of ...
... arise in other isolated habitats and ecosystems, such as in Antarctica. The physical isolation of islands over millions of years has favored the evolution of unique species and ecosystems. As a consequence, islands and other isolated areas (e.g. mountains and lakes) usually have a high proportion of ...
Species richness and evenness respond in a
... better understanding of how diversity components are related empirically should be useful in interpreting measurements from a wide variety of studies on organisms with divergent ecological and evolutionary backgrounds (Buzas and Hayek 1996; Bell 2000; Stirling and Wilsey 2001; Mouillot et al. 2005; ...
... better understanding of how diversity components are related empirically should be useful in interpreting measurements from a wide variety of studies on organisms with divergent ecological and evolutionary backgrounds (Buzas and Hayek 1996; Bell 2000; Stirling and Wilsey 2001; Mouillot et al. 2005; ...
Chap.19 Extinction, conservation and restoration
... The second and the third mass extinction • The second occurred about 65 million years ago, at the end of the age of the dinosaurs, the Mesozoic era (Cretaceous period). • Over half of all the species on earth, including the dinosaurs, went extinct during this time. • A third mass extinction is now ...
... The second and the third mass extinction • The second occurred about 65 million years ago, at the end of the age of the dinosaurs, the Mesozoic era (Cretaceous period). • Over half of all the species on earth, including the dinosaurs, went extinct during this time. • A third mass extinction is now ...
Limiting resources and the regulation of diversity in phytoplankton
... the relationship between phytoplankton diversity and limiting resources (N, P, Si, and light) over two summers in three lakes in the Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA) region. Diversity was highly variable along temporal and spatial axes within lakes. We discovered a strong positive correlation between dive ...
... the relationship between phytoplankton diversity and limiting resources (N, P, Si, and light) over two summers in three lakes in the Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA) region. Diversity was highly variable along temporal and spatial axes within lakes. We discovered a strong positive correlation between dive ...
Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Sweden
... There are no major changes in status and trends of biodiversity in Sweden since the fourth national report. There is little evidence that the rate of loss of ecosystems, species and genetic diversity have been halted. Actions such as specific species action programmes and EU LIFE projects have had a ...
... There are no major changes in status and trends of biodiversity in Sweden since the fourth national report. There is little evidence that the rate of loss of ecosystems, species and genetic diversity have been halted. Actions such as specific species action programmes and EU LIFE projects have had a ...
Patterns of among- and within-species variation in
... guttatus; G. Arceo-Gómez and T.-L. Ashman, unpublished data), but variation at this level has received much less attention. In fact, a systematic comparison of all aspects of HP receipt (e.g., mean and variance of HP load size and diversity) among and within species has not been reported for any com ...
... guttatus; G. Arceo-Gómez and T.-L. Ashman, unpublished data), but variation at this level has received much less attention. In fact, a systematic comparison of all aspects of HP receipt (e.g., mean and variance of HP load size and diversity) among and within species has not been reported for any com ...
South Australian Arid Lands Biodiversity Strategy
... The region is characterised by extreme climatic variability and that has brought about a huge variety of landscapes and habitats. Distribution and availability of water is a key factor determining what plants and animals can live there. Despite this arid and often harsh and unforgiving landscape, t ...
... The region is characterised by extreme climatic variability and that has brought about a huge variety of landscapes and habitats. Distribution and availability of water is a key factor determining what plants and animals can live there. Despite this arid and often harsh and unforgiving landscape, t ...
FNHTB Inc (0473, FS0015 and FS0016)
... because pathogens form complex adaptive systems in which robustness—of influenza, for example—at the level of subtypes is mediated through high mutation rates that allow the continual replacement of spent strains with novel ones, and at higher levels by reassortment events that create new subtypes. ...
... because pathogens form complex adaptive systems in which robustness—of influenza, for example—at the level of subtypes is mediated through high mutation rates that allow the continual replacement of spent strains with novel ones, and at higher levels by reassortment events that create new subtypes. ...
Mimicry as a novel pathway linking biodiversity
... The functional significance of biodiversity is a major ecological issue [1]. Evidence published over the last 50 years led to the identification of a broad array of diversity functions at all levels of biological organization, from ecosystem process rates and state downscaling to community regulatio ...
... The functional significance of biodiversity is a major ecological issue [1]. Evidence published over the last 50 years led to the identification of a broad array of diversity functions at all levels of biological organization, from ecosystem process rates and state downscaling to community regulatio ...
UNEP/CBD/COP/12/INF/7
... communities; (2) An institutional analysis module which includes elements to be used with the geospatial module and a field-based protocol for measuring specific characteristics of institutional arrangements related to the protection of biodiversity in a sample of measurement areas, and (3) An ecolo ...
... communities; (2) An institutional analysis module which includes elements to be used with the geospatial module and a field-based protocol for measuring specific characteristics of institutional arrangements related to the protection of biodiversity in a sample of measurement areas, and (3) An ecolo ...
Marine Ecotourism in Shadegan wetland
... Ramsar site in Iran, been registered in 1975 and is considered as an important international wetland. According to the 1381 studies, 17 plant communities comprise of 110 plant species (including Khor mousa islands) have been identified in the territories of the wetland. Furthermore, this wetland is ...
... Ramsar site in Iran, been registered in 1975 and is considered as an important international wetland. According to the 1381 studies, 17 plant communities comprise of 110 plant species (including Khor mousa islands) have been identified in the territories of the wetland. Furthermore, this wetland is ...
The abstract booklet can be downloaded here
... Known unknowns: Correcting for sampling bias in marine species distribution models Incorporating evolutionary history into niche and distribution modeling Information on biotic interactions improves transferability of ...
... Known unknowns: Correcting for sampling bias in marine species distribution models Incorporating evolutionary history into niche and distribution modeling Information on biotic interactions improves transferability of ...
Biodiversity, Stability, and Productivity in Competitive Communities
... abstract: Three markedly different models of multispecies competition—one mechanistic, one phenomenological, and one statistical—all predict that greater diversity increases the temporal stability of the entire community, decreases the temporal stability of individual populations, and increases comm ...
... abstract: Three markedly different models of multispecies competition—one mechanistic, one phenomenological, and one statistical—all predict that greater diversity increases the temporal stability of the entire community, decreases the temporal stability of individual populations, and increases comm ...
WABSI Research Plan 2017-2020
... areas of the State have not been covered by sea or glaciated for a very long time, Western Australia has a globally unique and immense biodiversity that is characterised by significant endemism. By way of example, there are more species of flowering plants in the Fitzgerald River National Park than ...
... areas of the State have not been covered by sea or glaciated for a very long time, Western Australia has a globally unique and immense biodiversity that is characterised by significant endemism. By way of example, there are more species of flowering plants in the Fitzgerald River National Park than ...
Ecosystem consequences of diversity depend on food chain length
... effects of consumers. In May 2002, in each mesocosm, we planted 75 defaunated eelgrass shoots in clean sand and added 80 grazers. This grazer density was below those typical in the field to allow grazer assemblages to adjust through growth and competition. Four-species treatments received 20 individ ...
... effects of consumers. In May 2002, in each mesocosm, we planted 75 defaunated eelgrass shoots in clean sand and added 80 grazers. This grazer density was below those typical in the field to allow grazer assemblages to adjust through growth and competition. Four-species treatments received 20 individ ...
4.0 Billion Years of Earth Environmental Change
... Just after 14,000 years ago human migrants from Asia entered the New World. They may have been the first people to set foot in North America. They are known as the Clovis people. Their sites and artifacts, including distinctive projectile points, are found over much of North America. ...
... Just after 14,000 years ago human migrants from Asia entered the New World. They may have been the first people to set foot in North America. They are known as the Clovis people. Their sites and artifacts, including distinctive projectile points, are found over much of North America. ...
Threats to Biodiversity - Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
... manufactured, or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher. ...
... manufactured, or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher. ...
Chapter 3 - Biodiversity
... Management Plan which was adopted in January 1997. There are eight different types of land tenure covering the entire Wellington Range. The Hobart City Council is responsible for managing 3200 hectares of the 18,000 hectares covered by the Park, which extends over the eastern face of the mountain le ...
... Management Plan which was adopted in January 1997. There are eight different types of land tenure covering the entire Wellington Range. The Hobart City Council is responsible for managing 3200 hectares of the 18,000 hectares covered by the Park, which extends over the eastern face of the mountain le ...
2013 печ. 521М Ecology
... an area. Biodiversity is an attribute of a site or area that consists of the variety within and among biotic communities, whether influenced by humans or not, at any spatial scale from microsites and habitat patches to the entire biosphere. Biodiversity (an abbreviation of biological diversity) desc ...
... an area. Biodiversity is an attribute of a site or area that consists of the variety within and among biotic communities, whether influenced by humans or not, at any spatial scale from microsites and habitat patches to the entire biosphere. Biodiversity (an abbreviation of biological diversity) desc ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.