A note on non-canonical passives: the case of the get
... resultative participle but its licensing happens in a different fashion. Fox and Grodzinsky (1998) suggested that the licensing of the by-phrases in the get-passive follows the pattern of the licensing of by-phrases in nominalisations and is only restricted to the affector role. Arce-Arenales and al ...
... resultative participle but its licensing happens in a different fashion. Fox and Grodzinsky (1998) suggested that the licensing of the by-phrases in the get-passive follows the pattern of the licensing of by-phrases in nominalisations and is only restricted to the affector role. Arce-Arenales and al ...
Prepositional Phrases
... Each Prepositional Phrase consists of a preposition plus its object (a noun or pronoun). This is called the Object of the Preposition. Therefore, a Prepositional Phrase begins with a Preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun ...
... Each Prepositional Phrase consists of a preposition plus its object (a noun or pronoun). This is called the Object of the Preposition. Therefore, a Prepositional Phrase begins with a Preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun ...
Information structure and grammaticalization
... utterance therefore has to fulfil two functions at the same time, which should be separated according to the PSRR. A rather explicit and iconic way of doing this is to first introduce the referent and then to make the relevant predication. This is just what underlies the French y a-cleft constructio ...
... utterance therefore has to fulfil two functions at the same time, which should be separated according to the PSRR. A rather explicit and iconic way of doing this is to first introduce the referent and then to make the relevant predication. This is just what underlies the French y a-cleft constructio ...
“Inversion” and focalization
... Which should be considered an explicit sign of a change in the syntactic structure. Note that tutto is higher than bene and lower than completamente in Cinque’s clausal map. The quantifier should then be allowed to raise higher than the latter adverb if the proposed interpretation of the contrast is ...
... Which should be considered an explicit sign of a change in the syntactic structure. Note that tutto is higher than bene and lower than completamente in Cinque’s clausal map. The quantifier should then be allowed to raise higher than the latter adverb if the proposed interpretation of the contrast is ...
PowerPoint Presentation - META-Net
... • Given a pair, select a link (nondeterministically) with roots A and B • Select another pair with roots A and B • Combine the syntactic trees (at node A) and the semantic trees (at node B), by adjunction or substitution, and remove the ...
... • Given a pair, select a link (nondeterministically) with roots A and B • Select another pair with roots A and B • Combine the syntactic trees (at node A) and the semantic trees (at node B), by adjunction or substitution, and remove the ...
Syntax 1
... • Grammars such that all the rules contain at least one terminal. • The number of analysis of a string is finite • CFG cannot be strongly lexicalized • CFG can be lexicalized by TAGs • TAGs are closed under strong lexicalization • A CFG or a TAG has an strongly equivalent lexicalized TAG (LTAG) ...
... • Grammars such that all the rules contain at least one terminal. • The number of analysis of a string is finite • CFG cannot be strongly lexicalized • CFG can be lexicalized by TAGs • TAGs are closed under strong lexicalization • A CFG or a TAG has an strongly equivalent lexicalized TAG (LTAG) ...
Involuntary state constructions in Polish: a case of semantic
... If α is a non-branching node, and β is its daughter node, then [[α]] = [[β]]. ...
... If α is a non-branching node, and β is its daughter node, then [[α]] = [[β]]. ...
this PDF file - Minda Masagi Journals
... ABSTRACT: Languages use visual symbols to represent the sounds of the spoken languages, but they still require syntactic rules that govern the production of meaning from sequences of words. While, a phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both ...
... ABSTRACT: Languages use visual symbols to represent the sounds of the spoken languages, but they still require syntactic rules that govern the production of meaning from sequences of words. While, a phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both ...
Combinatorial structures and processing in Neural Blackboard
... arbitrary binding of words in (potentially novel) sentence structures or even new words in sentence structures, as in Figure 2. In each of these cases, the behavior of answering a question (probing for relation information or binding) depends on connecting sensory information to motor activation, in ...
... arbitrary binding of words in (potentially novel) sentence structures or even new words in sentence structures, as in Figure 2. In each of these cases, the behavior of answering a question (probing for relation information or binding) depends on connecting sensory information to motor activation, in ...
WRL0005.tmp - Princeton University
... 1996), Mam (England 1986), Malay (Hopper 1987b), Quechua (Stewart 1984), child Inuktitut speech (Allen & Schroder 19XX), Papago (Payen 1987). S and O both easily accommodate new information. The A slot is distinct in that it strongly prefers old information. 2 The split in the S and O, on one hand, ...
... 1996), Mam (England 1986), Malay (Hopper 1987b), Quechua (Stewart 1984), child Inuktitut speech (Allen & Schroder 19XX), Papago (Payen 1987). S and O both easily accommodate new information. The A slot is distinct in that it strongly prefers old information. 2 The split in the S and O, on one hand, ...
Topic 7
... Adverbial clauses (AdvCls, which take the place of entire AdvPs as SPOCA elements). Task A - another kind of directly nested clause There is one more kind of directly nested clause. Do a SPOCA analysis of the sentence below and identify the nested clause. Then make up a label for it based on your kn ...
... Adverbial clauses (AdvCls, which take the place of entire AdvPs as SPOCA elements). Task A - another kind of directly nested clause There is one more kind of directly nested clause. Do a SPOCA analysis of the sentence below and identify the nested clause. Then make up a label for it based on your kn ...
FG 2006: The 11th conference on Formal
... over thinks. To prevent quantifiers from scoping out of the finite clause in which they appear, as in sentences (3) and (5), we can add an additional adjunction site to the semantic trees for verbs above the current root node. This is shown in Figure 6 in the likes2 tree pair. The link configuration ...
... over thinks. To prevent quantifiers from scoping out of the finite clause in which they appear, as in sentences (3) and (5), we can add an additional adjunction site to the semantic trees for verbs above the current root node. This is shown in Figure 6 in the likes2 tree pair. The link configuration ...
English Exam / Answers
... C. present perfect D. future perfect 46. “How can we forget the innovations of Henry Ford and Orville and Wilbur Wright or the great scientific discoveries of Marie Curie, Alexander Fleming, and Jonas Salk?” added Lily. A. present B. past C. present perfect D. past perfect 47. “Well, class,” Mrs. Bi ...
... C. present perfect D. future perfect 46. “How can we forget the innovations of Henry Ford and Orville and Wilbur Wright or the great scientific discoveries of Marie Curie, Alexander Fleming, and Jonas Salk?” added Lily. A. present B. past C. present perfect D. past perfect 47. “Well, class,” Mrs. Bi ...
Missing arguments in earlier English clause structures
... the clause structure of early child language consists simply of the maximal projection of the verb and its arguments, the SPEC position of VP is an ungoverned position and PRO can occur in that position. However, as she admits, this conclusion raises a problem. If PRO is not controlled, i.e. it has ...
... the clause structure of early child language consists simply of the maximal projection of the verb and its arguments, the SPEC position of VP is an ungoverned position and PRO can occur in that position. However, as she admits, this conclusion raises a problem. If PRO is not controlled, i.e. it has ...
Chapter 5 NPs and their Functions Review of NPs
... Agreement: In standard English, a past tense form of be or a present tense form of a non-modal verb agrees in person and number with the subject. So They are helping me is grammatical, but *They is/am helping me is not. The verb does not agree with any object or possessor or adverbial, etc. We've al ...
... Agreement: In standard English, a past tense form of be or a present tense form of a non-modal verb agrees in person and number with the subject. So They are helping me is grammatical, but *They is/am helping me is not. The verb does not agree with any object or possessor or adverbial, etc. We've al ...
Paraphrasing Using Given and New Information in a Question
... (CO-OP) is presented. A major point made is the role of given and new information in formulating a paraphrase that differs in a meaningful way from the user's question. A description is also given of the transformational grammar used by the paraphraser to generate questions. ...
... (CO-OP) is presented. A major point made is the role of given and new information in formulating a paraphrase that differs in a meaningful way from the user's question. A description is also given of the transformational grammar used by the paraphraser to generate questions. ...
The Morphosyntactic Typology of Oceanic
... There is another, much smaller, non-canonic type also regionally based. This consists of verb-second languages, i.e., languages in which the verb phrase is the second constituent of the clause and where the first constituent is a core noun phrase or adjunct. The choice of the first constituent appea ...
... There is another, much smaller, non-canonic type also regionally based. This consists of verb-second languages, i.e., languages in which the verb phrase is the second constituent of the clause and where the first constituent is a core noun phrase or adjunct. The choice of the first constituent appea ...
On D-pronouns and the Movement of Topic Features
... I would sure there live "I sure would like to live there." If the dislocated phrase had been moved, it would violate the selecüon criteria downstairs, as shown by (b), and the sentence (a) would be ungrammatical. If the locative D-pronoun is what moves, it satisfies the selection criteria downstairs ...
... I would sure there live "I sure would like to live there." If the dislocated phrase had been moved, it would violate the selecüon criteria downstairs, as shown by (b), and the sentence (a) would be ungrammatical. If the locative D-pronoun is what moves, it satisfies the selection criteria downstairs ...
Cognitive iconicity: Conceptual spaces, meaning, and gesture in
... discovered for spoken languages. Two conclusions are drawn: (1) signed languages are true, natural human languages, and (2) since these striking commonalities appear in languages transmitted in di¤erent media (optical versus acoustic), the human language ability must depend on abstract, modality-ind ...
... discovered for spoken languages. Two conclusions are drawn: (1) signed languages are true, natural human languages, and (2) since these striking commonalities appear in languages transmitted in di¤erent media (optical versus acoustic), the human language ability must depend on abstract, modality-ind ...
Scrambling and Processing: Dependencies
... One of the crucial concepts in the theory of sentence processing is processing complexity. On the one hand, processing complexity is closely related to psychological approaches to complexity (Just, Carpenter, and Hemphill, 1996; Jonides and Smith, 1997). On the other, it relies heavily on various li ...
... One of the crucial concepts in the theory of sentence processing is processing complexity. On the one hand, processing complexity is closely related to psychological approaches to complexity (Just, Carpenter, and Hemphill, 1996; Jonides and Smith, 1997). On the other, it relies heavily on various li ...
There is more than one language
... varies among theories). Linguistically important relations between expressions are often characterizable directly in terms of that phrase structure; e.g. in terms of notions such as dominates, c-commands, specifier-head, etc. In instances where such direct characterization does not seem possible, th ...
... varies among theories). Linguistically important relations between expressions are often characterizable directly in terms of that phrase structure; e.g. in terms of notions such as dominates, c-commands, specifier-head, etc. In instances where such direct characterization does not seem possible, th ...
Lecture slides - CSE, IIT Bombay
... – Should be able to generate an infinite set of grammatical sentences of the language – Should not generate any ungrammatical ones – Should be able to account for ambiguities – If two sentences are understood to have same meaning, the grammar should give the same structure for both at some level – I ...
... – Should be able to generate an infinite set of grammatical sentences of the language – Should not generate any ungrammatical ones – Should be able to account for ambiguities – If two sentences are understood to have same meaning, the grammar should give the same structure for both at some level – I ...
Relativization in English and Embosi
... (a) The flowers that you sent me were lost. (b) The President for whom you were waiting did not come. (c) I am proud of the singer whose songs you like. ...
... (a) The flowers that you sent me were lost. (b) The President for whom you were waiting did not come. (c) I am proud of the singer whose songs you like. ...
Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a theory of syntactic linearization presented in Richard Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. The crux of this theory is that hierarchical structure in natural language maps universally onto a particular surface linearization, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory derives a version of X-bar theory. Kayne hypothesizes that all phrases whose surface order is not specifier-head-complement have undergone movements that disrupt this underlying order. Subsequently, there have also been attempts at deriving specifier-complement-head as the basic word order.Antisymmetry as a principle of word order is reliant on assumptions that many theories of syntax dispute, e.g. constituency structure (as opposed to dependency structure), X-bar notions such as specifier and complement, and the existence of ordering altering mechanisms such as movement and/or copying.