Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach
... interactions between theory, analysis and data, and how developments in any one of these areas affects the others. The second way in which the material of the book could be considered ‘core’ is that I have tried to cover a broad range of phenomena which form a (somewhat nebulous) area of empirical i ...
... interactions between theory, analysis and data, and how developments in any one of these areas affects the others. The second way in which the material of the book could be considered ‘core’ is that I have tried to cover a broad range of phenomena which form a (somewhat nebulous) area of empirical i ...
Chapter 19: Lexical-Functional Grammar
... at all clear which approach is preferable. There are a number of constraints on f-structures. Three of these conspire together to result in the LFG equivalent of the theta criterion: 14) a) Uniqueness: In a given f-structure, a particular attribute may have at most one value. b) Completeness: An f-s ...
... at all clear which approach is preferable. There are a number of constraints on f-structures. Three of these conspire together to result in the LFG equivalent of the theta criterion: 14) a) Uniqueness: In a given f-structure, a particular attribute may have at most one value. b) Completeness: An f-s ...
Handout available here - seven
... arguments. In all but 3 of these split-S is manifest in agreement, not case. • 6 languages in database have overt marking only of agentives: 3 case-marking (Laz, Lezgian6 , Lhasa Tibetan) and 3 agreement-marking languages (Kewa, Taba, Tsou). • Other languages: – Basque: case overtly marks only agent ...
... arguments. In all but 3 of these split-S is manifest in agreement, not case. • 6 languages in database have overt marking only of agentives: 3 case-marking (Laz, Lezgian6 , Lhasa Tibetan) and 3 agreement-marking languages (Kewa, Taba, Tsou). • Other languages: – Basque: case overtly marks only agent ...
An Incremental Procedural Grammar for Sentence Formulation
... been computed it is passed over to the formulator which attempts to translate it into a sentence fragment that is then articulated (Figure lb). In the meantime, work on further conceptual and syntactic fragments continues. Figure lb also shows that the order of conceptual fragments does not always c ...
... been computed it is passed over to the formulator which attempts to translate it into a sentence fragment that is then articulated (Figure lb). In the meantime, work on further conceptual and syntactic fragments continues. Figure lb also shows that the order of conceptual fragments does not always c ...
An Incremental Proceduml Grammar for Sentence Formulation GERARD KEMPEN
... been computed it is passed over to the formulator which attempts to translate it into a sentence fragment that is then articulated (Figure lb). In the meantime, work on further conceptual and syntactic fragments continues. Figure lb also shows that the order of conceptual fragments does not always c ...
... been computed it is passed over to the formulator which attempts to translate it into a sentence fragment that is then articulated (Figure lb). In the meantime, work on further conceptual and syntactic fragments continues. Figure lb also shows that the order of conceptual fragments does not always c ...
Predicate 1. Introduction - Collier Technologies LLC
... Talking about predication in this way has allowed some theorists to describe even verb-initial clauses as involving predication. For example, according to the widely influential `predicate-internal subject hypothesis’ (Fukui and Speas 1986; Koopman and Sportiche 1991; Plunkett 1993, 1996; Mohammad 1 ...
... Talking about predication in this way has allowed some theorists to describe even verb-initial clauses as involving predication. For example, according to the widely influential `predicate-internal subject hypothesis’ (Fukui and Speas 1986; Koopman and Sportiche 1991; Plunkett 1993, 1996; Mohammad 1 ...
About the Different Kinds of Meanings of a Sentence
... to describe the stucture of the sentence and thereby to define it. English sentences generally consist of a subject noun phrase and a verb phrase as its predicate or complement. Each of these may be a single word as in Birds fly. It is true that the syntax determines more complex structures than thi ...
... to describe the stucture of the sentence and thereby to define it. English sentences generally consist of a subject noun phrase and a verb phrase as its predicate or complement. Each of these may be a single word as in Birds fly. It is true that the syntax determines more complex structures than thi ...
The Clause:
... – Cause: as, because, inasmuch as, since, so that – Concession: although, even though, though – Condition: if, than, unless • After completing our homework, we watched a long movie. ...
... – Cause: as, because, inasmuch as, since, so that – Concession: although, even though, though – Condition: if, than, unless • After completing our homework, we watched a long movie. ...
Prepositional Phrase Attachment and
... for various cases in detail, in context of obtaining meaning representation. We have used Universal Networking Language (UNL): an interlingua as medium of representing meaning. In this chapter, we elaborate on the problem of attachment within English language and semantic representation of sentences ...
... for various cases in detail, in context of obtaining meaning representation. We have used Universal Networking Language (UNL): an interlingua as medium of representing meaning. In this chapter, we elaborate on the problem of attachment within English language and semantic representation of sentences ...
This chapter accounts an overview of Manipuri clause and it
... elements are Subject, Object (Direct or Indirect), Complement (Subject or Object), Verb, Adverbials. In this language, without a VP all nominal arguments have the same status. This fact is that there is no positive evidence for verb + object constituent in Manipuri, as in the example below. 11(a).* ...
... elements are Subject, Object (Direct or Indirect), Complement (Subject or Object), Verb, Adverbials. In this language, without a VP all nominal arguments have the same status. This fact is that there is no positive evidence for verb + object constituent in Manipuri, as in the example below. 11(a).* ...
finiteverb - University of Essex
... of head-to-head movement) first to AGR and then to T, so that have/be also inflect both for tense and agreement; from T they can be raised to C, resulting in inversion structures such as 'Was he telling the truth?'. Clauses containing finite nonauxiliary verbs (e.g. 'He tells the truth') involve a n ...
... of head-to-head movement) first to AGR and then to T, so that have/be also inflect both for tense and agreement; from T they can be raised to C, resulting in inversion structures such as 'Was he telling the truth?'. Clauses containing finite nonauxiliary verbs (e.g. 'He tells the truth') involve a n ...
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. English Brushup, 3E John
... – Examine a sentence that begins with a subordinating word. • Because hail fell on the peach blossoms. ...
... – Examine a sentence that begins with a subordinating word. • Because hail fell on the peach blossoms. ...
Reconstruction the Lexical Domain with a Single Generative
... the same kinds of things (Ns, Vs, As) as monomorphemes already are BUT, derivation is in general just as paradigmatic, productive, and transparent as inflection, and neither derivation nor inflection can create things that could be monomorphemic (nor can Ns, Vs, and As be monomorphemic). (17) “Parad ...
... the same kinds of things (Ns, Vs, As) as monomorphemes already are BUT, derivation is in general just as paradigmatic, productive, and transparent as inflection, and neither derivation nor inflection can create things that could be monomorphemic (nor can Ns, Vs, and As be monomorphemic). (17) “Parad ...
Design Principles for a Spanish Treebank
... There is an open discussion about the annotation scheme to be assumed when building a treebank. On one hand, some papers claim that dependency annotation is more suitable if it is free-word-order language ([11], [14], [28]), while others make their choice on the basis of the application required [30 ...
... There is an open discussion about the annotation scheme to be assumed when building a treebank. On one hand, some papers claim that dependency annotation is more suitable if it is free-word-order language ([11], [14], [28]), while others make their choice on the basis of the application required [30 ...
Grammar Packet #1: The Present Participle
... Any daily grades taken from packets will be based on completion for a portion of the credit and correctness for the major part of the grade. Work on the packets (unless specified otherwise) is individual—not group—work. You will have 6 of these packets, one per six weeks. Sometimes a grade will be t ...
... Any daily grades taken from packets will be based on completion for a portion of the credit and correctness for the major part of the grade. Work on the packets (unless specified otherwise) is individual—not group—work. You will have 6 of these packets, one per six weeks. Sometimes a grade will be t ...
COMPARISON IN BAMBARA: AN INFINITIVAL VERB PHRASE* Jan
... AI i ka baw ka ca ka temen Ali his goats are many and surpass sheep over 'Ali has more goats than sheep' ...
... AI i ka baw ka ca ka temen Ali his goats are many and surpass sheep over 'Ali has more goats than sheep' ...
pages 561–577 - Stanford University
... Except for dummy it and there, NPs and “case-marked” PPs (ones with semantically vacuous prepositions) in English are assumed to have an index. These include not just phonetically realized elements, but also the HPSG analogs of inaudible elements such as PRO (e.g. unexpressed subjects of VP compleme ...
... Except for dummy it and there, NPs and “case-marked” PPs (ones with semantically vacuous prepositions) in English are assumed to have an index. These include not just phonetically realized elements, but also the HPSG analogs of inaudible elements such as PRO (e.g. unexpressed subjects of VP compleme ...
Verbal inflection and overflow auxiliaries
... If auxiliaries are syntactically associated with categories like Voice0 and Asp0 in English, the facts in (6) difficult to explain—but they are an expected pattern if we assume that auxiliaries realize extra inflection in a clause, and that reduced relatives lack any tense inflection that would requ ...
... If auxiliaries are syntactically associated with categories like Voice0 and Asp0 in English, the facts in (6) difficult to explain—but they are an expected pattern if we assume that auxiliaries realize extra inflection in a clause, and that reduced relatives lack any tense inflection that would requ ...
Main Clauses and How to Connect them
... Avoid Fragments, Comma Splices, and Fused Sentences A “Grammar Help Handout” by Abbie Potter Henry Review of Independent Clauses Independent Clause: An Independent Clause is a group of words containing at least one subject and one verb and which is not subordinated by a subordinating conjunction or ...
... Avoid Fragments, Comma Splices, and Fused Sentences A “Grammar Help Handout” by Abbie Potter Henry Review of Independent Clauses Independent Clause: An Independent Clause is a group of words containing at least one subject and one verb and which is not subordinated by a subordinating conjunction or ...
5th inaugral lecture - Copy - National Open University of Nigeria
... analysis can afford to be subjective depending on the choices of the critic, grammatical or linguistic analysis is constrained to be objective. Bernard S. Cayne et al (1988:415) see grammar as “The science dealing with the systematic rules of a language, its forms, inflections and syntax, and the Ar ...
... analysis can afford to be subjective depending on the choices of the critic, grammatical or linguistic analysis is constrained to be objective. Bernard S. Cayne et al (1988:415) see grammar as “The science dealing with the systematic rules of a language, its forms, inflections and syntax, and the Ar ...
Chapter 1
... Repaired Version: Because most housewives have to do lots of domestic drudgery every day, they have virtually no time for socializing. Example (a) and (b) below are sentences. When we add the subordinator “even though” to the first sentence, it is no longer a main clause; it becomes a subordinate cl ...
... Repaired Version: Because most housewives have to do lots of domestic drudgery every day, they have virtually no time for socializing. Example (a) and (b) below are sentences. When we add the subordinator “even though” to the first sentence, it is no longer a main clause; it becomes a subordinate cl ...
Present Participial Phrases
... Place commas before and after the past participial phrase – this separates the subject from the verb. c. Subject + verb + object, past participial phrase. Mario made a mistake, confused by the professor’s lecture. Place a comma after the independent clause – this will separate the sentence from the ...
... Place commas before and after the past participial phrase – this separates the subject from the verb. c. Subject + verb + object, past participial phrase. Mario made a mistake, confused by the professor’s lecture. Place a comma after the independent clause – this will separate the sentence from the ...
Online Tutoring System For Essay Writing
... “My father has never seen snow.” A question often begins with an auxiliary verb: “Did you have enough to eat?” “Have you done your homework?” Notice how the subject is placed between the helping verb and the main verb in these questions. ...
... “My father has never seen snow.” A question often begins with an auxiliary verb: “Did you have enough to eat?” “Have you done your homework?” Notice how the subject is placed between the helping verb and the main verb in these questions. ...
Sentence variety exercise 4
... Place commas before and after the past participial phrase – this separates the subject from the verb. c. Subject + verb + object, past participial phrase. Mario made a mistake, confused by the professor’s lecture. Place a comma after the independent clause – this will separate the sentence from the ...
... Place commas before and after the past participial phrase – this separates the subject from the verb. c. Subject + verb + object, past participial phrase. Mario made a mistake, confused by the professor’s lecture. Place a comma after the independent clause – this will separate the sentence from the ...
HPSG, SBCG, and FCG - German Grammar Group FU Berlin
... such pair of a lexical item and a phrasal construction corresponds to a lexical item in Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG). See also Müller and Wechsler, 2014a, 25 on Goldberg’s assumption that every lexical item is associated with phrasal constructions. Note that such coapplication links are ...
... such pair of a lexical item and a phrasal construction corresponds to a lexical item in Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG). See also Müller and Wechsler, 2014a, 25 on Goldberg’s assumption that every lexical item is associated with phrasal constructions. Note that such coapplication links are ...
Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a theory of syntactic linearization presented in Richard Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. The crux of this theory is that hierarchical structure in natural language maps universally onto a particular surface linearization, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory derives a version of X-bar theory. Kayne hypothesizes that all phrases whose surface order is not specifier-head-complement have undergone movements that disrupt this underlying order. Subsequently, there have also been attempts at deriving specifier-complement-head as the basic word order.Antisymmetry as a principle of word order is reliant on assumptions that many theories of syntax dispute, e.g. constituency structure (as opposed to dependency structure), X-bar notions such as specifier and complement, and the existence of ordering altering mechanisms such as movement and/or copying.