Passive without passive morphology
... in a given clause (unless the subject is controlled in an embedded clause). Hence, sentences (6a, b) are both fine, but sentence (6c) is not (as an independent clause). The fact that the two nominals which are involved in the agreement do not have to show up together at the same time suggests that ...
... in a given clause (unless the subject is controlled in an embedded clause). Hence, sentences (6a, b) are both fine, but sentence (6c) is not (as an independent clause). The fact that the two nominals which are involved in the agreement do not have to show up together at the same time suggests that ...
Anaphora, Inversion, and Focus
... While at UMass, I’ve made some of the best friends I could ask for. Mike Clauss is a man after my own heart. Few are those who are willing to go to Worcester to see a death metal show, but Mike would go with me. His puns, though frequently deployed, have been a constant and welcome source of relief, ...
... While at UMass, I’ve made some of the best friends I could ask for. Mike Clauss is a man after my own heart. Few are those who are willing to go to Worcester to see a death metal show, but Mike would go with me. His puns, though frequently deployed, have been a constant and welcome source of relief, ...
commas - Bucks County Community College
... Dependent clause + comma + independent clause. 2. New Jersey, which borders Pennsylvania on the east, is famous for swamps and tomatoes. S comma + non-essential phrase + comma V 3. It was only eleven o‟clock, and the temperature had reached ninety degrees. S+V S + V Independent clause + comma + coor ...
... Dependent clause + comma + independent clause. 2. New Jersey, which borders Pennsylvania on the east, is famous for swamps and tomatoes. S comma + non-essential phrase + comma V 3. It was only eleven o‟clock, and the temperature had reached ninety degrees. S+V S + V Independent clause + comma + coor ...
Making Use of Infinitives - Spearfish School District
... 5. Always keep receipts. They will prove that you have paid your bills. ...
... 5. Always keep receipts. They will prove that you have paid your bills. ...
An ERP study of the processing of subject and object relative
... The fundamental question addressed in this paper is how syntactically distinct languages are processed in the brain. By investigating such a question, we hope to find both languageuniversal and language-specific aspects of sentence comprehension and thereby to narrow the gap between linguistic and c ...
... The fundamental question addressed in this paper is how syntactically distinct languages are processed in the brain. By investigating such a question, we hope to find both languageuniversal and language-specific aspects of sentence comprehension and thereby to narrow the gap between linguistic and c ...
An Introduction to Clauses - Johnson County Community College
... Clauses Handout created by Dr. M. Dickerson ...
... Clauses Handout created by Dr. M. Dickerson ...
English relative clauses
... In English, a relative clause follows the noun it modifies. It is generally indicated by a relative pronoun at the start of the clause, although sometimes simply by word order. The choice of relative pronoun, or choice to omit one, can be affected by whether the clause modifies a human or non-human ...
... In English, a relative clause follows the noun it modifies. It is generally indicated by a relative pronoun at the start of the clause, although sometimes simply by word order. The choice of relative pronoun, or choice to omit one, can be affected by whether the clause modifies a human or non-human ...
Chapter 3 Distributed Morphology and the Pieces of Inflection Morris
... mar, but rather is distributed among several different components.2 For example, "word formation"—the creation of complex syntactic heads— may take place at any level of grammar through such processes as head movement and adjunction and/or merger of structurally or linearly adjacent heads. The theor ...
... mar, but rather is distributed among several different components.2 For example, "word formation"—the creation of complex syntactic heads— may take place at any level of grammar through such processes as head movement and adjunction and/or merger of structurally or linearly adjacent heads. The theor ...
1 On the Identity of Roots Heidi Harley, University of - LingBuzz
... every feature bundle (and root). These interact with each other in standard model-‐ theoretic fashion to derive a compositional denotation for the entire structure. ...
... every feature bundle (and root). These interact with each other in standard model-‐ theoretic fashion to derive a compositional denotation for the entire structure. ...
Case Typology and Case Theory* 1. Overview of the Issues 2
... represented the mainstream view throughout the history of generative linguistics: a theory of formal “autonomous” syntax. Functionalist theories of syntax, which hold syntactic structures to be a consequence of the communicative function that language serves, can also be formal (although not “formal ...
... represented the mainstream view throughout the history of generative linguistics: a theory of formal “autonomous” syntax. Functionalist theories of syntax, which hold syntactic structures to be a consequence of the communicative function that language serves, can also be formal (although not “formal ...
teaching english clause structure
... (iii) as subjective complement: The question is not who will pass but who will get a distinction. (iv) as adjective complement: I wasn't sure whose book had been misplaced, (v) prepositional complement: It all depends on what you mean. In principle we can say that that-clauses should be taught first ...
... (iii) as subjective complement: The question is not who will pass but who will get a distinction. (iv) as adjective complement: I wasn't sure whose book had been misplaced, (v) prepositional complement: It all depends on what you mean. In principle we can say that that-clauses should be taught first ...
adverb and adverbial phrase
... o Consists of one or more words. The adverb is the head of the phrase and can appear alone or it can be modified by other words. Adverbs are one of the four major word classes, along with nouns, verbs and adjectives o An adverbial phrase is a group of words that act together as an adverb, giving mor ...
... o Consists of one or more words. The adverb is the head of the phrase and can appear alone or it can be modified by other words. Adverbs are one of the four major word classes, along with nouns, verbs and adjectives o An adverbial phrase is a group of words that act together as an adverb, giving mor ...
LEXICAL AND FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION IN SYNTAX: A
... understanding the “vocabulary” of the other modules, much like hearing is distinct from seeing. We cannot “see sounds”, and in the same way phonology cannot understand or operate on syntactic primitives. The term “interface” refers to the translation of information from one module to another. In the ...
... understanding the “vocabulary” of the other modules, much like hearing is distinct from seeing. We cannot “see sounds”, and in the same way phonology cannot understand or operate on syntactic primitives. The term “interface” refers to the translation of information from one module to another. In the ...
DESIGNING SYNTACTIC REPRESENTATIONS FOR NLP: AN
... justice to an experience that was itself superlative. I came to Stanford to develop research in NLP, and had the opportunity to do that under the supervision of Chris Manning. Working with Chris has been a privilege. It goes without saying that he is incredibly knowledgeable and intimidatingly smart ...
... justice to an experience that was itself superlative. I came to Stanford to develop research in NLP, and had the opportunity to do that under the supervision of Chris Manning. Working with Chris has been a privilege. It goes without saying that he is incredibly knowledgeable and intimidatingly smart ...
A. Niccacci--Marked Syntactical Structures in Biblical
... pronoun is the predicative complement (or simply “complement” as he calls it). This analysis, however, does not take into consideration the fact that the copula can be omitted, and still the sentence has the same syntactical function while being different grammatically. 15. On the affinity between t ...
... pronoun is the predicative complement (or simply “complement” as he calls it). This analysis, however, does not take into consideration the fact that the copula can be omitted, and still the sentence has the same syntactical function while being different grammatically. 15. On the affinity between t ...
Particle placement in early child language: A multifactorial analysis*
... In addition to syntactic and semantic factors, pragmatic factors influence particle placement. A number of studies have shown that the position of the particle varies with the information status of the direct object.2 If the object expresses given or identifiable information, the particle tends to f ...
... In addition to syntactic and semantic factors, pragmatic factors influence particle placement. A number of studies have shown that the position of the particle varies with the information status of the direct object.2 If the object expresses given or identifiable information, the particle tends to f ...
50. Verbal mood - Semantics Archive
... oriented semantic theory. Subsequently, mainstream work on verbal mood within semantics has been based on the idea that mood selection is to be understood in terms of the same ideas as are used to analyze modal expressions, such as modal verbs and auxiliaries. I will label this line of research the ...
... oriented semantic theory. Subsequently, mainstream work on verbal mood within semantics has been based on the idea that mood selection is to be understood in terms of the same ideas as are used to analyze modal expressions, such as modal verbs and auxiliaries. I will label this line of research the ...
Existential Sentences Cross-Linguistically - e
... the pivot – typically appears in a different position than it would in ordinary copular sentences. The position taken in this article is that, while it is reasonable to think that, as a rule, natural languages have a use for a construction that does little more than allow speakers to introduce a new ...
... the pivot – typically appears in a different position than it would in ordinary copular sentences. The position taken in this article is that, while it is reasonable to think that, as a rule, natural languages have a use for a construction that does little more than allow speakers to introduce a new ...
Cross-linguistic priming of syntactic hierarchical
... function words. For instance, both the sentence containing the locative ‘‘to the church’’ and the sentence containing the dative ‘‘to the man’’ are generated by the rule VP fi V NP PP (assuming a very simple phrasestructure grammar). Activating this rule in prime production may have made it easier to ...
... function words. For instance, both the sentence containing the locative ‘‘to the church’’ and the sentence containing the dative ‘‘to the man’’ are generated by the rule VP fi V NP PP (assuming a very simple phrasestructure grammar). Activating this rule in prime production may have made it easier to ...
a Sample - Rainbow Resource
... and, of course, there were always animals dropping in for a chat, and consequently there was a good deal of storytelling and comparing notes on the past summer and all its doings.1 ...
... and, of course, there were always animals dropping in for a chat, and consequently there was a good deal of storytelling and comparing notes on the past summer and all its doings.1 ...
The East Papuan Languages: A Preliminary Typological Appraisal
... Perhaps signi²cant in connection with these facts of constituent order is the sentence-initial position of the negative adverb (see 2.7). 2.2 ADPOSITIONS. Concomitant to the VO order, we ²nd the use of prepositions rather than postpositions. Thus, prepositions are found in the languages of New Brita ...
... Perhaps signi²cant in connection with these facts of constituent order is the sentence-initial position of the negative adverb (see 2.7). 2.2 ADPOSITIONS. Concomitant to the VO order, we ²nd the use of prepositions rather than postpositions. Thus, prepositions are found in the languages of New Brita ...
Compositionality Part 1: Basic ideas and definitions
... Many things are notable about this passage: Frege talks about communication, not only understanding. He considers both the task for the speaker to find a suitable linguistic expression to convey her Thought, and the task for the hearer to find the appropriate Thought that corresponds to the expressi ...
... Many things are notable about this passage: Frege talks about communication, not only understanding. He considers both the task for the speaker to find a suitable linguistic expression to convey her Thought, and the task for the hearer to find the appropriate Thought that corresponds to the expressi ...
Agreement - General Guide To Personal and Societies Web Space
... Because of the co-occurrence of movement and PtPPL many analyses (Kayne (1985, 1989), Burzio (1986), Taraldsen (1987), Lois (1990)) have taken the two phenomena to be interdependent. When we turn to Italian dialects, the behaviour with respect to both auxiliary selection and PtPPL agr is extremely v ...
... Because of the co-occurrence of movement and PtPPL many analyses (Kayne (1985, 1989), Burzio (1986), Taraldsen (1987), Lois (1990)) have taken the two phenomena to be interdependent. When we turn to Italian dialects, the behaviour with respect to both auxiliary selection and PtPPL agr is extremely v ...
Slides
... • The following slides summarize some ways to identify word categories. • Word-category tests are language-specific. • A word of caution: words do not necessarily pass all of the tests for the category they belong to. • Even if you are already competent identifying word categories, you should look a ...
... • The following slides summarize some ways to identify word categories. • Word-category tests are language-specific. • A word of caution: words do not necessarily pass all of the tests for the category they belong to. • Even if you are already competent identifying word categories, you should look a ...
Journal of Language Modelling 1
... Wikipedia project with its 900,000 articles. We use the dump containing all Polish articles of the current release available at the beginning of 2011. The data extraction process described in Section 3.1.1 may be iteratively repeated using a newer Wikipedia dump release in order to add new entries t ...
... Wikipedia project with its 900,000 articles. We use the dump containing all Polish articles of the current release available at the beginning of 2011. The data extraction process described in Section 3.1.1 may be iteratively repeated using a newer Wikipedia dump release in order to add new entries t ...
Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a theory of syntactic linearization presented in Richard Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. The crux of this theory is that hierarchical structure in natural language maps universally onto a particular surface linearization, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory derives a version of X-bar theory. Kayne hypothesizes that all phrases whose surface order is not specifier-head-complement have undergone movements that disrupt this underlying order. Subsequently, there have also been attempts at deriving specifier-complement-head as the basic word order.Antisymmetry as a principle of word order is reliant on assumptions that many theories of syntax dispute, e.g. constituency structure (as opposed to dependency structure), X-bar notions such as specifier and complement, and the existence of ordering altering mechanisms such as movement and/or copying.