Collisionless Shocks
... Summary of Part II • If the shock generates a power-law spectrum of accelerated particles, the ions will go farther than the electrons. • The ion cosmic ray precursor of the shock may excite disturbances in the shock upstream, e.g., by current-driven interactions. • In GRB afterglows, the precursor ...
... Summary of Part II • If the shock generates a power-law spectrum of accelerated particles, the ions will go farther than the electrons. • The ion cosmic ray precursor of the shock may excite disturbances in the shock upstream, e.g., by current-driven interactions. • In GRB afterglows, the precursor ...
Investigation of plasma effects in silicon sensors for the
... carrier density can exceed the bulk doping O(1012 cm-3) and e,h plasmas with following properties are created: • Local distortions of the electric field inside the sensor lead to modified transport ...
... carrier density can exceed the bulk doping O(1012 cm-3) and e,h plasmas with following properties are created: • Local distortions of the electric field inside the sensor lead to modified transport ...
Gap
... By many authors, the gap structure is calculated but is affected by many factors: e.g., geometry of back ground magnetic field, soft-photon field, radiation process taken into account, boundary conditions for the electric field. (Hirotani & Shibata 1999, Takata Shibata & Hirotani 2004, Hirotani 200 ...
... By many authors, the gap structure is calculated but is affected by many factors: e.g., geometry of back ground magnetic field, soft-photon field, radiation process taken into account, boundary conditions for the electric field. (Hirotani & Shibata 1999, Takata Shibata & Hirotani 2004, Hirotani 200 ...
half-wave resonance of bacteria dna irradiated from 4 to 8 ghz
... pressure of 12 mm, is excited with a carrier of 4.6 MHz modulated by a pure sinusoidal frequency. The neutral helium atom density n0 is given in terms of the pressure :n0=P0/KT0 (4) With T0=300K and an ionization degree of 1/100, the helium ion density is: Δn=3.8.1021/m3.With mi=6.64.10-27 Kg, the m ...
... pressure of 12 mm, is excited with a carrier of 4.6 MHz modulated by a pure sinusoidal frequency. The neutral helium atom density n0 is given in terms of the pressure :n0=P0/KT0 (4) With T0=300K and an ionization degree of 1/100, the helium ion density is: Δn=3.8.1021/m3.With mi=6.64.10-27 Kg, the m ...
half-wave resonance of bacteria dna irradiated from 4 to 8 ghz
... pressure of 12 mm, is excited with a carrier of 4.6 MHz modulated by a pure sinusoidal frequency. The neutral helium atom density n0 is given in terms of the pressure :n0=P0/KT0 (4) With T0=300K and an ionization degree of 1/100, the helium ion density is: Δn=3.8.1021/m3.With mi=6.64.10-27 Kg, the m ...
... pressure of 12 mm, is excited with a carrier of 4.6 MHz modulated by a pure sinusoidal frequency. The neutral helium atom density n0 is given in terms of the pressure :n0=P0/KT0 (4) With T0=300K and an ionization degree of 1/100, the helium ion density is: Δn=3.8.1021/m3.With mi=6.64.10-27 Kg, the m ...
Ion transport in a partially ionized impure edge plasma
... of prime importance for present and future fusion experiments. Whereas the classical transport theory of a fully ionized, multispecies plasma is well developed,1–3 the influence of neutral atoms has mostly been neglected in the past. Conversely, the literature dealing with transport in partially ion ...
... of prime importance for present and future fusion experiments. Whereas the classical transport theory of a fully ionized, multispecies plasma is well developed,1–3 the influence of neutral atoms has mostly been neglected in the past. Conversely, the literature dealing with transport in partially ion ...
Magnetosphere - UMass Lowell
... the magnetosphere system; the magnetospheric circulation is determined by redistributing its plasma and fields in a way that allows for dissipation of this energy. This dissipation occurs in the form of: • energizing particles which give up their • dispelling blobs of plasma out the energy to the ne ...
... the magnetosphere system; the magnetospheric circulation is determined by redistributing its plasma and fields in a way that allows for dissipation of this energy. This dissipation occurs in the form of: • energizing particles which give up their • dispelling blobs of plasma out the energy to the ne ...
Simulations of antihydrogen formation * F. Robicheaux )
... We will now discuss important aspects of the simulation. For both experiments, the p̄’s start with high speeds and then slow down through the range where they can capture an e+. It is important to model this slowing, at least qualitatively, because the speed of the p̄ along the B field determines th ...
... We will now discuss important aspects of the simulation. For both experiments, the p̄’s start with high speeds and then slow down through the range where they can capture an e+. It is important to model this slowing, at least qualitatively, because the speed of the p̄ along the B field determines th ...
Effect of Generation of Charged Particles Fluxes
... nuclear reactions when they collide with nuclei of atoms that compose air. Some reports on observations of generation of fluxes of heavy charged particles during thunderstorms are known. Sources of dense fluxes of electrons similar to the source described above (the polarity of capacitor charging fo ...
... nuclear reactions when they collide with nuclei of atoms that compose air. Some reports on observations of generation of fluxes of heavy charged particles during thunderstorms are known. Sources of dense fluxes of electrons similar to the source described above (the polarity of capacitor charging fo ...
( 1 + 2 ). - SOLITONS, COLLAPSES AND TURBULENCE
... magnitude and even more. The mathematical model used is based on the exact solution of Helmholtz equation and the problem free parameters number may be arbitrary one. So it allows to change essentially, for example, the number of splashes, their amplitudes and forms, the distances between splashes a ...
... magnitude and even more. The mathematical model used is based on the exact solution of Helmholtz equation and the problem free parameters number may be arbitrary one. So it allows to change essentially, for example, the number of splashes, their amplitudes and forms, the distances between splashes a ...
Channel arc model of DC hydrogen plasma: influence of radiation and very high pressure
... Finally, let us notice that a little change of this core temperature can lead to a swing with a temperature increasing radially (that is a heat input is required from the outside) due to the strong temperature dependence of the radiative losses, especially at 20 bars where equation [19] requires to ...
... Finally, let us notice that a little change of this core temperature can lead to a swing with a temperature increasing radially (that is a heat input is required from the outside) due to the strong temperature dependence of the radiative losses, especially at 20 bars where equation [19] requires to ...
Distortion of bulk-electron distribution function and its effect on core
... To realize the energy production in a fast ignition scheme, complete clarification of the energytransfer process from laser-induced (LI) fast electron to dense core plasma is necessary. A part of the energies carried by the fast electrons may be transferred to core plasma via electromagnetic forces ...
... To realize the energy production in a fast ignition scheme, complete clarification of the energytransfer process from laser-induced (LI) fast electron to dense core plasma is necessary. A part of the energies carried by the fast electrons may be transferred to core plasma via electromagnetic forces ...
Event I: January 31, 2008 (Quiet)
... local magnetic field line were higher than 200 km/s 3) the flow bursts were observed during which |AL| and AU indices were lower than 20 nT, and simultaneous Kp index range was between -1 and 1. For almost events, the parallel (E//) and perpendicular (E⊥) components of the electric field to the loca ...
... local magnetic field line were higher than 200 km/s 3) the flow bursts were observed during which |AL| and AU indices were lower than 20 nT, and simultaneous Kp index range was between -1 and 1. For almost events, the parallel (E//) and perpendicular (E⊥) components of the electric field to the loca ...
Wave particle-interactions
... corresponding flows in the plasma related with diffusion, viscosity, or heat conduction, which will cause irreversibility in the system. In a collisionless plasma irreversibility is the consequence of nonlinear interactions between field fluctuations (waves, turbulence) and particles. The associated ...
... corresponding flows in the plasma related with diffusion, viscosity, or heat conduction, which will cause irreversibility in the system. In a collisionless plasma irreversibility is the consequence of nonlinear interactions between field fluctuations (waves, turbulence) and particles. The associated ...
Spectrum of reflected light by self-focusing of light in a laser plasma
... a great deal of attention has been devoted to the study of this phenomenon in a laser-produced plasma.I4 Data on the spatial structure of the radiated x rays4 and harmonics,' interferometry of the plasma corona,' schlieren photography,'3 and the scattering of a test light beam9 all indicate that sel ...
... a great deal of attention has been devoted to the study of this phenomenon in a laser-produced plasma.I4 Data on the spatial structure of the radiated x rays4 and harmonics,' interferometry of the plasma corona,' schlieren photography,'3 and the scattering of a test light beam9 all indicate that sel ...
Signature of Turbulent Zonal Flows PSFC/JA-00-32
... have been compared and have yielded similar results, insuring the robustness of the calculated spectra [17]. The spectrum derived from the data of Fig. 2 is shown in Fig. 3. The spectrum is always double-peaked, with the two peaks at approximately symmetric positive and negative values. Although pre ...
... have been compared and have yielded similar results, insuring the robustness of the calculated spectra [17]. The spectrum derived from the data of Fig. 2 is shown in Fig. 3. The spectrum is always double-peaked, with the two peaks at approximately symmetric positive and negative values. Although pre ...
Temperature gradients due to adiabatic plasma
... Equation (7) indicates behavior nearly identical to the rarefaction wave theory (see figure 1), with a linear relationship between average electron energy and potential. Both theories suggest that the electron temperature must drop by ∼0.5 eV for a corresponding 1 V potential drop. The conclusions a ...
... Equation (7) indicates behavior nearly identical to the rarefaction wave theory (see figure 1), with a linear relationship between average electron energy and potential. Both theories suggest that the electron temperature must drop by ∼0.5 eV for a corresponding 1 V potential drop. The conclusions a ...
Chapter 7 Plasma Basics
... •Can we insert a fine metal probe into the plasma to measure the plasma potential V2? •Yes, we can. However, it is not very accurate because of sheath potential near probe surface •Measurement results are determined by the theoretical models of the sheath potential, which have not been fully develop ...
... •Can we insert a fine metal probe into the plasma to measure the plasma potential V2? •Yes, we can. However, it is not very accurate because of sheath potential near probe surface •Measurement results are determined by the theoretical models of the sheath potential, which have not been fully develop ...
Kein Folientitel
... corresponding flows in the plasma related with diffusion, viscosity, or heat conduction, which will cause irreversibility in the system. In a collisionless plasma irreversibility is the consequence of nonlinear interactions between field fluctuations (waves, turbulence) and particles. The associated ...
... corresponding flows in the plasma related with diffusion, viscosity, or heat conduction, which will cause irreversibility in the system. In a collisionless plasma irreversibility is the consequence of nonlinear interactions between field fluctuations (waves, turbulence) and particles. The associated ...
Effect of Poloidal Density Variation of Neutral
... charge-exchange (CX) interactions. Furthermore, the radial neutral flux of toroidal angular momentum can modify or even determine the edge radial electric field and plasma rotation. The radial localization of the neutrals also introduces a shear in the flow that may affect edge turbulence [10]. Earl ...
... charge-exchange (CX) interactions. Furthermore, the radial neutral flux of toroidal angular momentum can modify or even determine the edge radial electric field and plasma rotation. The radial localization of the neutrals also introduces a shear in the flow that may affect edge turbulence [10]. Earl ...
Electrical conduction - University of Toronto Physics
... insulators. However, metal electrode surfaces can cause a region of the vacuum to become conductive by injecting free electrons or ions through either field emission or thermionic emission. Thermionic emission occurs when the thermal energy exceeds the metal's work function, while field emission occ ...
... insulators. However, metal electrode surfaces can cause a region of the vacuum to become conductive by injecting free electrons or ions through either field emission or thermionic emission. Thermionic emission occurs when the thermal energy exceeds the metal's work function, while field emission occ ...
Dynamics of Narrow Electron Streams in Magnetized Plasmas
... satellite and rocket observations of depleted flux tubes in the auroral ionosphere [4, 5], structured small-scale Alfven waves, and laboratory studies of striation formation. The low frequency (below the ion cyclotron frequency, ω < Ω i ) parallel electric fields associated with these environments a ...
... satellite and rocket observations of depleted flux tubes in the auroral ionosphere [4, 5], structured small-scale Alfven waves, and laboratory studies of striation formation. The low frequency (below the ion cyclotron frequency, ω < Ω i ) parallel electric fields associated with these environments a ...
Thin-shell instability in collisionless plasma
... shock [1,2]. Even larger shocks can form where energetic plasma outflows collide with the interstellar medium. The solar wind termination shock separates the heliosphere from the interstellar medium [3]. The existence of plasma shocks outside of the solar system, such as supernova remnant shocks [4] ...
... shock [1,2]. Even larger shocks can form where energetic plasma outflows collide with the interstellar medium. The solar wind termination shock separates the heliosphere from the interstellar medium [3]. The existence of plasma shocks outside of the solar system, such as supernova remnant shocks [4] ...
Electromagnetic waves in vacuum.
... Polarization of EM waves The two classes of solutions (Ex,By) and (Ey,Bx) are independent: they represent the two polarization modes of EM radiation. As the E and B fields lie on a plane, these modes correspond to linear polarizations. A generic (unpolarized) EM wave is a superposition of the two m ...
... Polarization of EM waves The two classes of solutions (Ex,By) and (Ey,Bx) are independent: they represent the two polarization modes of EM radiation. As the E and B fields lie on a plane, these modes correspond to linear polarizations. A generic (unpolarized) EM wave is a superposition of the two m ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.