Introduction to gas discharges - University of San Diego Home Pages
... lost both within the volume and at the confining surfaces to varying degrees. Not only does this provide a finer classification of plasmas but also it hints at the possible scaling issues for plasma sources. Table 1 lists various reactions that can take place at a surface exposed to a plasma. The fi ...
... lost both within the volume and at the confining surfaces to varying degrees. Not only does this provide a finer classification of plasmas but also it hints at the possible scaling issues for plasma sources. Table 1 lists various reactions that can take place at a surface exposed to a plasma. The fi ...
5. Simplified Transport Equations
... that has a constant gradient in the1-x direction, see Fig. 5.1a. We assume that the mean free path length 1 dn , and that the velocity distribution is given by a non-drifting Maxwellian. n dx We expect diffusion of particles from higher to lower density, i.e., from left to right in Fig. ...
... that has a constant gradient in the1-x direction, see Fig. 5.1a. We assume that the mean free path length 1 dn , and that the velocity distribution is given by a non-drifting Maxwellian. n dx We expect diffusion of particles from higher to lower density, i.e., from left to right in Fig. ...
Plasma Sources and Feedback Control in Pretreatment Web
... bond with the coating to be applied. It is therefore common that the substrate material needs some type of pre-treatment in order to remove contaminates and to functionalize the web surface. Hollow cathode, linear microwave, ion and magnetron sputtering sources are some of the pre-treatment sources ...
... bond with the coating to be applied. It is therefore common that the substrate material needs some type of pre-treatment in order to remove contaminates and to functionalize the web surface. Hollow cathode, linear microwave, ion and magnetron sputtering sources are some of the pre-treatment sources ...
anomalous diffusion of a low-density current-carrying plasma
... longitudinal magnetic fields exhibit an anomalous rate of loss of charged particles; this observation holds for a wide range of discharge parameters, starting with the glow discharge [ 1] and going up to high-current discharges in the stellarator [ 2- 4 ] and Tokomak. [S] As far as the glow discharg ...
... longitudinal magnetic fields exhibit an anomalous rate of loss of charged particles; this observation holds for a wide range of discharge parameters, starting with the glow discharge [ 1] and going up to high-current discharges in the stellarator [ 2- 4 ] and Tokomak. [S] As far as the glow discharg ...
Laboratório de Plasmas, Instituto de Física, Universidade de
... the ion “Faraday cup”, which allows the measurement of the drifting plasma flux current space distribution and the correspondent ion energy. The ion probe was positioned 35cm from the acceleration channel exit. It was fixed with an experimental arrangement that allowed radial and angular movements p ...
... the ion “Faraday cup”, which allows the measurement of the drifting plasma flux current space distribution and the correspondent ion energy. The ion probe was positioned 35cm from the acceleration channel exit. It was fixed with an experimental arrangement that allowed radial and angular movements p ...
Liquid micro-droplet effects in a plasma
... way to the negative charge acquired by dust grains. Attraction of ions to the wall gives the plasma within the sheath a net positive charge, which partially shields the charge on the wall from the bulk plasma over a distance of the order of a Debye length, which is around 1 mm in fusion plasmas. Th ...
... way to the negative charge acquired by dust grains. Attraction of ions to the wall gives the plasma within the sheath a net positive charge, which partially shields the charge on the wall from the bulk plasma over a distance of the order of a Debye length, which is around 1 mm in fusion plasmas. Th ...
Nature of Electromagnetic Wave in Uniform Dusty Plasma
... is one of the omnipresent ingredients. They are quite common in astrophysical environments and laboratory situations [1]-[4]. The addition of highly charged dust grains into the usual electron-ion plasma in both space and laboratory environments play a very important role in changing the physical pr ...
... is one of the omnipresent ingredients. They are quite common in astrophysical environments and laboratory situations [1]-[4]. The addition of highly charged dust grains into the usual electron-ion plasma in both space and laboratory environments play a very important role in changing the physical pr ...
Chapter 3 Theoretical Treatment of Helicon Waves
... By comparison with the analytic solution for the uniform plasma dispersion relation the model was shown to describe the fast wave down to below the ion cyclotron frequency. High order radial modes are limited near their cutoffs by the omission of the electron mass, limiting perpendicular wave number ...
... By comparison with the analytic solution for the uniform plasma dispersion relation the model was shown to describe the fast wave down to below the ion cyclotron frequency. High order radial modes are limited near their cutoffs by the omission of the electron mass, limiting perpendicular wave number ...
Particle Simulation Methods Applied to Nanoscale Material Simulation
... where all units are MKS, E is the electric field, B is the magnetic induction, V is the particle flow velocity, J is the plasma current, n is the number density (assuming quasi-neutrality n=ne=ni), T is the fluid temperature, kB is the Boltzmann constant, p is the total fluid pressure, ν is the vis ...
... where all units are MKS, E is the electric field, B is the magnetic induction, V is the particle flow velocity, J is the plasma current, n is the number density (assuming quasi-neutrality n=ne=ni), T is the fluid temperature, kB is the Boltzmann constant, p is the total fluid pressure, ν is the vis ...
Electromagnetic processes in dispersive media
... * [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyl eft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecomm ons.org/lic enses/by-sa/3.0/)], from Wikimedia Commons ...
... * [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyl eft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecomm ons.org/lic enses/by-sa/3.0/)], from Wikimedia Commons ...
Lecture 2: Basics / Lawson
... The force on an individual particle due to the electro-magnetic field (s is species index) ...
... The force on an individual particle due to the electro-magnetic field (s is species index) ...
Instability of Long Driving Beams in Plasma Wakefield
... followed by a long smooth bunch (driver) and a narrow witness (Fig. 3a). To study the self-modulation in the cleanest form, we manually specify the initial angular spread of the driver so that to balance the transverse component of its own wakefield. The precursor creates a small-amplitude wakefield ...
... followed by a long smooth bunch (driver) and a narrow witness (Fig. 3a). To study the self-modulation in the cleanest form, we manually specify the initial angular spread of the driver so that to balance the transverse component of its own wakefield. The precursor creates a small-amplitude wakefield ...
momentum and heat flux measurements in the exhaust of vasimr
... pressure at this axial location is estimated to be a few millitorr providing a mean free path for ion–neutral charge exchange of only a few centimeters. The neutral pressure and density decrease just downstream of the quartz tube exit to near the background pressure in the vacuum chamber. At the mas ...
... pressure at this axial location is estimated to be a few millitorr providing a mean free path for ion–neutral charge exchange of only a few centimeters. The neutral pressure and density decrease just downstream of the quartz tube exit to near the background pressure in the vacuum chamber. At the mas ...
(toroidal solenoid) Electric current I generated in the plasma
... surface of the tokamak vessel ...
... surface of the tokamak vessel ...
Relativistic electron-positron plasmas
... shock waves are responsible for the appearance of many sources, such as supernova remnants, Gamma Ray Bursts and jets from Active Galactic Nuclei, among other examples. Because of the low density of astrophysical plasmas, the mean free path due to Coulomb collisions is typically very large, so most ...
... shock waves are responsible for the appearance of many sources, such as supernova remnants, Gamma Ray Bursts and jets from Active Galactic Nuclei, among other examples. Because of the low density of astrophysical plasmas, the mean free path due to Coulomb collisions is typically very large, so most ...
Heating of a Confined Plasma by Oscillating Electromagnetic Fields
... fact, in transit time heating, for certain initial velocities, particles lose energy in traversing the oscillating field region even after an average over the initial phases of the field relative to the particles has been performed. Although it is intuitively obvious that heating will occur, a simpl ...
... fact, in transit time heating, for certain initial velocities, particles lose energy in traversing the oscillating field region even after an average over the initial phases of the field relative to the particles has been performed. Although it is intuitively obvious that heating will occur, a simpl ...
Determining the radial distribution of the emission coefficient from a
... QP450-2-XSR: 455µm Fiber, extreme solarizationresistant, 2 m length for High-resolution Spectrometer HR4000 UV/VIS and QP400-2-VIS : 400µm Premium Fiber, VIS/NIR, 2 m length for High-resolution Spectrometer HR4000 NIR. Fig. 3 shows the principle scheme of the HR 4000 Spectrometer. ...
... QP450-2-XSR: 455µm Fiber, extreme solarizationresistant, 2 m length for High-resolution Spectrometer HR4000 UV/VIS and QP400-2-VIS : 400µm Premium Fiber, VIS/NIR, 2 m length for High-resolution Spectrometer HR4000 NIR. Fig. 3 shows the principle scheme of the HR 4000 Spectrometer. ...
as a PDF
... and this direction, R is the coefficient of reflection of the wave flux and d is the effective width of a plasma layer, reflecting the electromagnetic wave. For linear dependence of the plasma density on the height h, ωp2 − ω 2 = ω 2 h/H, the value of d is of d ' (λ2 H)1/3 /2. λ is the wave length o ...
... and this direction, R is the coefficient of reflection of the wave flux and d is the effective width of a plasma layer, reflecting the electromagnetic wave. For linear dependence of the plasma density on the height h, ωp2 − ω 2 = ω 2 h/H, the value of d is of d ' (λ2 H)1/3 /2. λ is the wave length o ...
- Lorentz Center
... 1. Streamer breakdown of atmospheric-pressure air in gaps with lengths d ~ 1cm at constant applied voltage U occurs during one current pulse if U/d > 14 kV/cm. In this case τbreakdown < 10-4 s. ...
... 1. Streamer breakdown of atmospheric-pressure air in gaps with lengths d ~ 1cm at constant applied voltage U occurs during one current pulse if U/d > 14 kV/cm. In this case τbreakdown < 10-4 s. ...
Interactions of Dust Bilayers in a GEC Plasma
... systems, and research of dusty plasmas has applications both in astrophysical studies and in industry. Indeed, dusty plasmas can be found in many celestial objects such as comet tails, nebulae, and Saturn’s rings [1, 2, 3], and the coagulation of dust in plasma environments is the birth of planetary ...
... systems, and research of dusty plasmas has applications both in astrophysical studies and in industry. Indeed, dusty plasmas can be found in many celestial objects such as comet tails, nebulae, and Saturn’s rings [1, 2, 3], and the coagulation of dust in plasma environments is the birth of planetary ...
M2P2 - Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington
... order of a few metric tons) and the physical construction and cost of such a system presently limit its usage from technical and/or economical viewpoints. The Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) described here is analogous to the solar and magnetic sails in that it seeks to harness ambient ...
... order of a few metric tons) and the physical construction and cost of such a system presently limit its usage from technical and/or economical viewpoints. The Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) described here is analogous to the solar and magnetic sails in that it seeks to harness ambient ...
Decontamination of chemical and biological warfare „CBW… agents
... original agent. Tentatively identified compounds include 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfone (C6H5SO2CH2CH2Cl) and Phenyl vinyl sulfone (C6H5SO2CHCH2). The results of exposures involving the VX simulant, malathion, are shown Fig. 5. Note that N/N0 is plotted on the vertical axis; not log(N/N0). The difficu ...
... original agent. Tentatively identified compounds include 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfone (C6H5SO2CH2CH2Cl) and Phenyl vinyl sulfone (C6H5SO2CHCH2). The results of exposures involving the VX simulant, malathion, are shown Fig. 5. Note that N/N0 is plotted on the vertical axis; not log(N/N0). The difficu ...
Short Intense Laser Pulse Collapse in Near
... to assess the magnetic field in the collapse region with our optical Faraday-effect polarimeter [20], but thirdharmonic probe beam or proton radiography are likely to be relevant alternatives. The hot electron cloud creates a strong electrostatic field at its edge that ionizes the ambient gas far fr ...
... to assess the magnetic field in the collapse region with our optical Faraday-effect polarimeter [20], but thirdharmonic probe beam or proton radiography are likely to be relevant alternatives. The hot electron cloud creates a strong electrostatic field at its edge that ionizes the ambient gas far fr ...
Magnetized Plasma for Reconfigurable Subdiffraction Imaging Shuang Zhang, Yi Xiong, Guy Bartal,
... "LðRÞ ¼ 1 !ð!! , and "X ¼ "R""1 L . The dispersion given cÞ by Eq. (3) shows very rich features depending on the relative values of !, !p , and !c . Here we are interested only in the case where the electromagnetic frequency is far below the plasma frequency for the imaging purpose. We assume a r ...
... "LðRÞ ¼ 1 !ð!! , and "X ¼ "R""1 L . The dispersion given cÞ by Eq. (3) shows very rich features depending on the relative values of !, !p , and !c . Here we are interested only in the case where the electromagnetic frequency is far below the plasma frequency for the imaging purpose. We assume a r ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.