Effects of Climate Warming, North Atlantic Oscillation, and
... about 0.6 ± 0.2°C in the course of the 20th Century, including a maximum warming rate since around 1976[144,145]. The five warmest years in the Northern Hemisphere since at least 1400 A.D. all were recorded in the 1990s[146,147]. Much of this temperature increase is ascribed to the increasing long-t ...
... about 0.6 ± 0.2°C in the course of the 20th Century, including a maximum warming rate since around 1976[144,145]. The five warmest years in the Northern Hemisphere since at least 1400 A.D. all were recorded in the 1990s[146,147]. Much of this temperature increase is ascribed to the increasing long-t ...
Arctic tundra fires: natural variability and responses to climate change
... caution for a number of reasons. Climate variability associated with large-scale ocean circulation patterns, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, played an important role in driving historical variability in boreal forest fire regimes (Hess et al. 2001; Duffy ...
... caution for a number of reasons. Climate variability associated with large-scale ocean circulation patterns, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, played an important role in driving historical variability in boreal forest fire regimes (Hess et al. 2001; Duffy ...
Arctic tundra fires: natural variability and responses to climate change
... caution for a number of reasons. Climate variability associated with large-scale ocean circulation patterns, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, played an important role in driving historical variability in boreal forest fire regimes (Hess et al. 2001; Duffy ...
... caution for a number of reasons. Climate variability associated with large-scale ocean circulation patterns, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, played an important role in driving historical variability in boreal forest fire regimes (Hess et al. 2001; Duffy ...
Northern High-Latitude Heat Budget Decomposition and
... CO2. They also have substantial disagreement on projected changes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here, two pairs of closely related climate models are used, with each containing members with large and small AMOC declines to explore the influence of AMOC decline on the hig ...
... CO2. They also have substantial disagreement on projected changes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here, two pairs of closely related climate models are used, with each containing members with large and small AMOC declines to explore the influence of AMOC decline on the hig ...
April 2013 News - South Asian Dialogues on Ecological Democracy
... sediments -- to reconstruct temperature back through time using a Bayesian statistical approach," Tingley said. "What we are trying to do is put statistical inference of past changes in temperature on a more solid and complete footing.”… Source: http://www.countercurrents.org/cc130413.htm Arctic Wil ...
... sediments -- to reconstruct temperature back through time using a Bayesian statistical approach," Tingley said. "What we are trying to do is put statistical inference of past changes in temperature on a more solid and complete footing.”… Source: http://www.countercurrents.org/cc130413.htm Arctic Wil ...
Apocalypse Soon? Dire Messages Reduce Belief in Global
... ability to find solutions to global warming. An examination of the effect of message condition, justworld beliefs, and time of assessment on participants’ levels of skepticism yielded the expected three-way interaction, F(1, 93) = 4.57, p < .05. To interpret this interaction, we examined the relatio ...
... ability to find solutions to global warming. An examination of the effect of message condition, justworld beliefs, and time of assessment on participants’ levels of skepticism yielded the expected three-way interaction, F(1, 93) = 4.57, p < .05. To interpret this interaction, we examined the relatio ...
Integrated Climate Change Strategies for
... 0.74 °С on a global scale). If temperatures continue to rise at the same rate, it will be nearly 2 °С warmer in Russia by the middle of this century compared with the start of the last century. The findings of scientists suggest that human impact is contributing to the ongoing process. Current globa ...
... 0.74 °С on a global scale). If temperatures continue to rise at the same rate, it will be nearly 2 °С warmer in Russia by the middle of this century compared with the start of the last century. The findings of scientists suggest that human impact is contributing to the ongoing process. Current globa ...
Coastal marine uptake of CO2 around Greenland
... Greenland Shelf ~ 6 mol m-2 year-1 (Chen et al., 2013)). The driving factors behind the air-sea exchange of CO2 in open waters are the difference between the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the atmosphere and the surface waters, leading to an uptake in areas where the pCO2 of surface waters is lo ...
... Greenland Shelf ~ 6 mol m-2 year-1 (Chen et al., 2013)). The driving factors behind the air-sea exchange of CO2 in open waters are the difference between the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the atmosphere and the surface waters, leading to an uptake in areas where the pCO2 of surface waters is lo ...
Deglacial impact of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet on the North Atlantic climate system Francesco Muschitiello
... Paper I: F.M. conceived the study, was the main contributor in terms of analyses, wrote the initial version of the paper and made the figures. B.W contributed with writing and interpretation of the results. Paper II: F.M. conceived the study, performed isotope and geochemica ...
... Paper I: F.M. conceived the study, was the main contributor in terms of analyses, wrote the initial version of the paper and made the figures. B.W contributed with writing and interpretation of the results. Paper II: F.M. conceived the study, performed isotope and geochemica ...
Sea levels: change and variability during warm intervals Robin Edwards* Progress report
... into the ocean. The classic, coral-based sealevel graphs from Barbados (Fairbanks, 1989; Bard et al., 1990), the Huon Peninsula (Chappell and Polach, 1991; Cutler et al., 2003) and Tahiti (Bard et al., 1996) chart the resulting sea-level rise from a lowstand of ⫺120 ⫾ 5 m at the last glacial maximum ...
... into the ocean. The classic, coral-based sealevel graphs from Barbados (Fairbanks, 1989; Bard et al., 1990), the Huon Peninsula (Chappell and Polach, 1991; Cutler et al., 2003) and Tahiti (Bard et al., 1996) chart the resulting sea-level rise from a lowstand of ⫺120 ⫾ 5 m at the last glacial maximum ...
The millennial atmospheric lifetime of anthropogenic CO2
... pCO2 of about 490 ppm to keep the global warming below the 2°C danger limit. This corresponds to about 400 Gton C of anthropogenic carbon in the atmosphere. If we divide 400 Gton C by a maximum airborne fraction of 55%, we calculate a maximum allowable total emission of about 700 Gton C, of which 30 ...
... pCO2 of about 490 ppm to keep the global warming below the 2°C danger limit. This corresponds to about 400 Gton C of anthropogenic carbon in the atmosphere. If we divide 400 Gton C by a maximum airborne fraction of 55%, we calculate a maximum allowable total emission of about 700 Gton C, of which 30 ...
scientific questions and motivations
... are now sequestered in permafrost and ground ice. Climate warming can potentially thaw the permafrost and greatly enhance the microbial activities in the formerly frozen soils. Thawing permafrost and melting ground ice would release the greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. If this occurs, the vast ...
... are now sequestered in permafrost and ground ice. Climate warming can potentially thaw the permafrost and greatly enhance the microbial activities in the formerly frozen soils. Thawing permafrost and melting ground ice would release the greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. If this occurs, the vast ...
Indigenous Peoples, Lands, and Resources
... Indigenous traditional knowledge has emerged in national and international arenas as a source of rich information for indigenous and non-indigenous climate assessments, policies, and adaptation strategies. Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report rec ...
... Indigenous traditional knowledge has emerged in national and international arenas as a source of rich information for indigenous and non-indigenous climate assessments, policies, and adaptation strategies. Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report rec ...
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors
... Research on permafrost carbon has dramatically increased in the past few years, A new estimate of 1672 Pg C of belowground organic carbon in the northern circumpolar permafrost region more than doubles the previous value and highlights the potential role of permafrost carbon in the Earth S ystem. Un ...
... Research on permafrost carbon has dramatically increased in the past few years, A new estimate of 1672 Pg C of belowground organic carbon in the northern circumpolar permafrost region more than doubles the previous value and highlights the potential role of permafrost carbon in the Earth S ystem. Un ...
Extensive valley glacier deposits in the northern mid
... whether glaciers, derived from snowfall, may have been a factor in the formation of lineated valley fill. What criteria for the recognition of glaciers, past and present, can be employed in order to examine this possibility? Four types of observations can provide insight into the distribution of gla ...
... whether glaciers, derived from snowfall, may have been a factor in the formation of lineated valley fill. What criteria for the recognition of glaciers, past and present, can be employed in order to examine this possibility? Four types of observations can provide insight into the distribution of gla ...
1.1 Framework 1.1.1 Climate change
... on the climate. Weather on Earth is chaotic by nature, making it impossible to predict the local weather more than two weeks in advance. However, the ...
... on the climate. Weather on Earth is chaotic by nature, making it impossible to predict the local weather more than two weeks in advance. However, the ...
AAAS_What We Know
... stable as that of the human body over the course of Western civilization. Just as a 1.4° F fever would be seen as significant in a child’s body, a similar change in our Earth’s temperature is also a concern for human society. The difference was about 9° F between the last Ice Age, when half of North ...
... stable as that of the human body over the course of Western civilization. Just as a 1.4° F fever would be seen as significant in a child’s body, a similar change in our Earth’s temperature is also a concern for human society. The difference was about 9° F between the last Ice Age, when half of North ...
Role of Ocean in Global Warming - J
... in a quasi-equilibrium state, the control experiment used the normal concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (i.e., 300 ppm by volume), which does not change with time. In the other experiment, the CO2 concentration was increased by 1% per year (compounded), doubling its value by year 70. The ra ...
... in a quasi-equilibrium state, the control experiment used the normal concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (i.e., 300 ppm by volume), which does not change with time. In the other experiment, the CO2 concentration was increased by 1% per year (compounded), doubling its value by year 70. The ra ...
Global Warming: Basic Definitions
... How the Science Gets Done The next part of your detective work is to gain a working knowledge of how the science of studying climate change gets done. If you see exactly how and why scientists say what they do about climate, and if you understand the nuts and bolts behind how the science gets done, ...
... How the Science Gets Done The next part of your detective work is to gain a working knowledge of how the science of studying climate change gets done. If you see exactly how and why scientists say what they do about climate, and if you understand the nuts and bolts behind how the science gets done, ...
The Economics of Climate Change – Likely Carbon Sequestration
... 4. The 1000 GTC budget (based on 2°C IPCC target) is too high, so a lower target is needed 5. We will certainly overshoot the target by a very large amount, so we will need to remove significant quantities CO2 to meet a realistic carbon budget 6. Bio-energy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the ...
... 4. The 1000 GTC budget (based on 2°C IPCC target) is too high, so a lower target is needed 5. We will certainly overshoot the target by a very large amount, so we will need to remove significant quantities CO2 to meet a realistic carbon budget 6. Bio-energy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the ...
Teacher`s Guide For Glaciers
... o In the southern hemisphere they are found in New Zealand, the Andes and the Antarctic o In the Northern hemisphere they are found in the Himalayas, the European Alps, North America's Rockies and Cascade Ranges, and Alaska • The final great accumulation of land ice in the Northern hemisphere is the ...
... o In the southern hemisphere they are found in New Zealand, the Andes and the Antarctic o In the Northern hemisphere they are found in the Himalayas, the European Alps, North America's Rockies and Cascade Ranges, and Alaska • The final great accumulation of land ice in the Northern hemisphere is the ...
ENDI Warming File - 4 wk
... In 2009, the scientific literature caught up with what top climate scientists have been saying privately for a few years now: Many of the predicted impacts of human-caused climate change are occurring much faster than anybody expected — particularly ice melt, everywhere you look on the planet. If we ...
... In 2009, the scientific literature caught up with what top climate scientists have been saying privately for a few years now: Many of the predicted impacts of human-caused climate change are occurring much faster than anybody expected — particularly ice melt, everywhere you look on the planet. If we ...
Permafrost and Changing Climate: The Russian
... of ALT that in some cases is not correlated with climatic variations, presumably due to the effects of other environmental factors. The links between changing climate and the active-layer thickness are thus far more complex than a frequently used linear regression between the depth of seasonal thawi ...
... of ALT that in some cases is not correlated with climatic variations, presumably due to the effects of other environmental factors. The links between changing climate and the active-layer thickness are thus far more complex than a frequently used linear regression between the depth of seasonal thawi ...