AAR-Ch11 - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
... Alteration of the Earth’s radiation balance is the most direct way to affect climate. The Earth’s surface temperature is a result of the balance between the energy fluxes in a small layer near the surface. The amount of solar radiation absorbed by the surface is determined by many factors. Apart fro ...
... Alteration of the Earth’s radiation balance is the most direct way to affect climate. The Earth’s surface temperature is a result of the balance between the energy fluxes in a small layer near the surface. The amount of solar radiation absorbed by the surface is determined by many factors. Apart fro ...
Aow: Polar Bears and Climate Change
... the Arctic, and sometimes they find dens made from other creatures which the soon to be mother bear will give birth. Polar bears are strong swimmers which can, but not always, help them catch prey. They can swim over 5 miles per hour, and can run over 30 miles per hour. Polar bears have a thick laye ...
... the Arctic, and sometimes they find dens made from other creatures which the soon to be mother bear will give birth. Polar bears are strong swimmers which can, but not always, help them catch prey. They can swim over 5 miles per hour, and can run over 30 miles per hour. Polar bears have a thick laye ...
it`s not the heat, it`s the tepidity
... you can look at the data and assume the most likely future is an extrapolation of the past. What you cannot do is both.xii Finally, the data do say a lot of things (we leave any quarrels about the data itself to others). They say the world has indeed warmed for more than a century. They say there ha ...
... you can look at the data and assume the most likely future is an extrapolation of the past. What you cannot do is both.xii Finally, the data do say a lot of things (we leave any quarrels about the data itself to others). They say the world has indeed warmed for more than a century. They say there ha ...
Fisheries Management and the Arctic in the Context of Climate
... Of the five commercial species selected for analysis, the biomass of the NE cod stock has increased dramatically in recent years, with evidence of expansion of range and new spawning grounds. In general, Greenland halibut stocks have been fairly stable over the past, while Northern shrimp stocks hav ...
... Of the five commercial species selected for analysis, the biomass of the NE cod stock has increased dramatically in recent years, with evidence of expansion of range and new spawning grounds. In general, Greenland halibut stocks have been fairly stable over the past, while Northern shrimp stocks hav ...
ST 2011 02
... and evaluated around the world. These models have come to many fairly consistent conclusions. In general, GCMs agree especially on the increase in high-latitude temperature as well as an increase in high-latitude precipitation due to climate change (Meehl et al., 2007). The greatest foreseen increas ...
... and evaluated around the world. These models have come to many fairly consistent conclusions. In general, GCMs agree especially on the increase in high-latitude temperature as well as an increase in high-latitude precipitation due to climate change (Meehl et al., 2007). The greatest foreseen increas ...
Spreading of Greenland meltwaters in the ocean revealed by noble
... Unfortunately, in most cases around Greenland too few tracers are observed to account for the number of water types present. Many of Greenland’s proglacial fjords contain at least two (seasonally three) oceanic water types: a warm, salty Atlantic Water derivative; a cold, fresh Polar Water derivativ ...
... Unfortunately, in most cases around Greenland too few tracers are observed to account for the number of water types present. Many of Greenland’s proglacial fjords contain at least two (seasonally three) oceanic water types: a warm, salty Atlantic Water derivative; a cold, fresh Polar Water derivativ ...
Arctic sea surface height variability and change from satellite radar
... to investigate the relative importance of steric and eustatic effects at seasonal and interannual time scales; examine the effect of freshwater exchanges on Arctic Ocean SSH at seasonal and interannual time scales; elucidate the seasonal cycle of SSH in regions of seasonal or perennial ice cover whe ...
... to investigate the relative importance of steric and eustatic effects at seasonal and interannual time scales; examine the effect of freshwater exchanges on Arctic Ocean SSH at seasonal and interannual time scales; elucidate the seasonal cycle of SSH in regions of seasonal or perennial ice cover whe ...
Author`s personal copy
... before the global financial disruption. Some people have pointed out that the emissions projections were not meant to be reliable in the short term, but it is interesting to note that, so far as these data may be relevant, they fit the pattern of underestimation. 2.5. Predictions of hurricane intens ...
... before the global financial disruption. Some people have pointed out that the emissions projections were not meant to be reliable in the short term, but it is interesting to note that, so far as these data may be relevant, they fit the pattern of underestimation. 2.5. Predictions of hurricane intens ...
Long-Term Climate Change - Ontario Power Generation
... counterintuitive as times of thickest ice-cover are associated with the warmest basal temperatures, a consequence of the degree of thermal insulation provided by thick ice and the continuing flow of heat from the Earth’s interior into the ice-sheet base. The subsurface thermal regime is also importa ...
... counterintuitive as times of thickest ice-cover are associated with the warmest basal temperatures, a consequence of the degree of thermal insulation provided by thick ice and the continuing flow of heat from the Earth’s interior into the ice-sheet base. The subsurface thermal regime is also importa ...
Impacts of climate change on plankton
... a more complex foodweb structure (i.e. microbial-based versus diatom-based production) in warmer more stratified environments. Climate warming will therefore increase planktonic diversity throughout the cooler regions of the world’s oceans as temperature isotherms shift poleward. Apart from thermal ...
... a more complex foodweb structure (i.e. microbial-based versus diatom-based production) in warmer more stratified environments. Climate warming will therefore increase planktonic diversity throughout the cooler regions of the world’s oceans as temperature isotherms shift poleward. Apart from thermal ...
Journal Prompts Slips 5–6
... Imagine you are responsible for writing weather forecasts for an Arctic Circle newspaper or website. Refer back to the article on how global climate change is impacting the Arctic and polar bears, in particular. Write a typical day/night forecast for a winter day and a summer day aimed at polar bea ...
... Imagine you are responsible for writing weather forecasts for an Arctic Circle newspaper or website. Refer back to the article on how global climate change is impacting the Arctic and polar bears, in particular. Write a typical day/night forecast for a winter day and a summer day aimed at polar bea ...
The first complete inventory
... Our study region is the whole of Greenland (Fig. 1), extending from 60◦ to 84◦ N (2650 km) and from 11◦ to 74◦ W (1200 km). More than 80 % of Greenland is covered by ice ranging from sea level to 3200 m a.s.l. at the central dome of the ice sheet and to almost 3700 m a.s.l. on Greenland’s highest mo ...
... Our study region is the whole of Greenland (Fig. 1), extending from 60◦ to 84◦ N (2650 km) and from 11◦ to 74◦ W (1200 km). More than 80 % of Greenland is covered by ice ranging from sea level to 3200 m a.s.l. at the central dome of the ice sheet and to almost 3700 m a.s.l. on Greenland’s highest mo ...
Chapter 3: Climate Projections for the Future
... environmental concerns, but these scenarios assume that human society takes no specific measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for the rest of the 21st century. These scenarios are clearly hypothetical, but they form valuable reference cases of how the future could turn out if no additional cli ...
... environmental concerns, but these scenarios assume that human society takes no specific measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for the rest of the 21st century. These scenarios are clearly hypothetical, but they form valuable reference cases of how the future could turn out if no additional cli ...
Climate Change and Hazard Zonation in the Circum
... Many of the potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts of global warming in the high northern latitudes are associated with permafrost, defined as any subsurface material that remains frozen continuously for more than two consecutive years. Owing to its potential for settlement, thawing of ic ...
... Many of the potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts of global warming in the high northern latitudes are associated with permafrost, defined as any subsurface material that remains frozen continuously for more than two consecutive years. Owing to its potential for settlement, thawing of ic ...
A Guide to Understanding Global Temperature Data
... increase seems substantial in relative terms (left panel), the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is so small in absolute terms that the change in concentration is not even visible in a plot (right panel) where percent, rather than parts per million, is used for the vertical scale. ...
... increase seems substantial in relative terms (left panel), the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is so small in absolute terms that the change in concentration is not even visible in a plot (right panel) where percent, rather than parts per million, is used for the vertical scale. ...
7. Nature, “Soot a major contributor to climate change” (15 Jan 2013)
... 2°C threshold by the middle of this century even with strong CO2 mitigation. Reducing SLCPs is the most effective strategy for constraining warming in the short-term, since most of their warming effect disappears within weeks to a decade and a half after emissions are reduced. Third is the recogn ...
... 2°C threshold by the middle of this century even with strong CO2 mitigation. Reducing SLCPs is the most effective strategy for constraining warming in the short-term, since most of their warming effect disappears within weeks to a decade and a half after emissions are reduced. Third is the recogn ...
Ch12 Pre-Release - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... local modes of production.The erosion of a person’s position as a provider of welfare to family and community also has serious ramifications. A recent study of the importance of whaling for Inuit societies illustrates the negative social, cultural, economic, and nutritional consequences of not being ...
... local modes of production.The erosion of a person’s position as a provider of welfare to family and community also has serious ramifications. A recent study of the importance of whaling for Inuit societies illustrates the negative social, cultural, economic, and nutritional consequences of not being ...
Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils
... coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results s ...
... coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results s ...
4b. GCOS-indicators_WDAC6 - World Climate Research Programme
... arctic sea ice, changes in vegetation characteristics and distributions and land cover changes. 2. Action G4: Indicators for Adaptation and Risk: Promote definition of and research supporting the development of indicators linking physical and social drivers relating to exposure, vulnerability and ...
... arctic sea ice, changes in vegetation characteristics and distributions and land cover changes. 2. Action G4: Indicators for Adaptation and Risk: Promote definition of and research supporting the development of indicators linking physical and social drivers relating to exposure, vulnerability and ...
Summary for Policymakers
... narrative is supported by a series of overarching highlighted conclusions which, taken together, provide a concise summary. Main sections are introduced with a brief paragraph in italics which outlines the methodological basis of the assessment. The degree of certainty in key findings in this assess ...
... narrative is supported by a series of overarching highlighted conclusions which, taken together, provide a concise summary. Main sections are introduced with a brief paragraph in italics which outlines the methodological basis of the assessment. The degree of certainty in key findings in this assess ...
Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation
... reduction in oxygen content between 17 and 11 ka (21) (Fig. 3D). The results from the southwest and southeast Pacific on the timing of changes in AAIW thus differ, and additional evidence is needed to resolve whether these two areas were indeed subject to different changes at intermediate-water dept ...
... reduction in oxygen content between 17 and 11 ka (21) (Fig. 3D). The results from the southwest and southeast Pacific on the timing of changes in AAIW thus differ, and additional evidence is needed to resolve whether these two areas were indeed subject to different changes at intermediate-water dept ...
PALSEA2 2016 Workshop: Sea-level budgets at decadal to
... blocks of the crust, occurring with different rates; in some locations, the presence of suboceanic crust type can even be supposed. In the eastern part of the Russian Arctic, the rates of RSL growth or fall were not so dramatic. In spite of the general ASL rise during the Holocene, the collected dat ...
... blocks of the crust, occurring with different rates; in some locations, the presence of suboceanic crust type can even be supposed. In the eastern part of the Russian Arctic, the rates of RSL growth or fall were not so dramatic. In spite of the general ASL rise during the Holocene, the collected dat ...
REQUEST FOR CLIMATE SIMULATION LABORATORY
... series of longer simulations. To date, the impacts of chemistry have been highly parameterized or neglected within the CCSM. Recently, CAM has been modified to simulate both tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. In addition, a new bulk aerosol scheme is now available that is consistent with thi ...
... series of longer simulations. To date, the impacts of chemistry have been highly parameterized or neglected within the CCSM. Recently, CAM has been modified to simulate both tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. In addition, a new bulk aerosol scheme is now available that is consistent with thi ...
Earth System Modeling—An Integrated Assessment Tool for Environmental Studies R. A. P
... regional weather during the growing season, than the radiative effect of carbon dioxide. While this result certainly does not mean we should not be concerned about the radiative effect of increased carbon dioxide and other anthropogenic greenhouse gases over longer time periods, it does mean that th ...
... regional weather during the growing season, than the radiative effect of carbon dioxide. While this result certainly does not mean we should not be concerned about the radiative effect of increased carbon dioxide and other anthropogenic greenhouse gases over longer time periods, it does mean that th ...
Physical and ecological impacts of climate change relevant to
... effects marine and inland ecosystems are in addition to changes in land-use, including changes in sediment loads, water flows and physical-chemical consequences (hypoxia, stratification, salinity changes). The consequences of these processes are complex and will impact community composition, product ...
... effects marine and inland ecosystems are in addition to changes in land-use, including changes in sediment loads, water flows and physical-chemical consequences (hypoxia, stratification, salinity changes). The consequences of these processes are complex and will impact community composition, product ...