Past and future conditions for polar stratospheric cloud formation
... the effects of the halogen loading (using the period 2080 to 2099 does not affect any of our discussion). Since there are three members of the ensemble, we have sixty years in each sample. The secular increase in carbon dioxide in the model runs is expected to lead to steady cooling above the tropos ...
... the effects of the halogen loading (using the period 2080 to 2099 does not affect any of our discussion). Since there are three members of the ensemble, we have sixty years in each sample. The secular increase in carbon dioxide in the model runs is expected to lead to steady cooling above the tropos ...
Making sense of the early-2000s warming slowdown
... temperature (SST) — which is linked to trade-wind intensification associated with the negative phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) — made a substantial contribution to the warming slowdown11–14 (Fig. 2e). Since averaging over a large number of climate model simulations reduces the ra ...
... temperature (SST) — which is linked to trade-wind intensification associated with the negative phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) — made a substantial contribution to the warming slowdown11–14 (Fig. 2e). Since averaging over a large number of climate model simulations reduces the ra ...
medieval warm period in south america
... monsoon belt of the tropical Andes and Southeast Brazil. This work revealed, as they describe it, "a very coherent behavior over the past two millennia with significant decadal to multi-decadal variability superimposed on large excursions during three key periods: the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), ...
... monsoon belt of the tropical Andes and Southeast Brazil. This work revealed, as they describe it, "a very coherent behavior over the past two millennia with significant decadal to multi-decadal variability superimposed on large excursions during three key periods: the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), ...
Indicators of Canada`s Changing Climate
... retain heat from the Earth’s surface. They are a small but extremely important part of the planet’s natural atmosphere – so important, in fact, that without them, Earth would be some 33°C cooler than it is now and too cold to support life. Since the early days of the industrial revolution some 200 y ...
... retain heat from the Earth’s surface. They are a small but extremely important part of the planet’s natural atmosphere – so important, in fact, that without them, Earth would be some 33°C cooler than it is now and too cold to support life. Since the early days of the industrial revolution some 200 y ...
Ocean Circulation and Climate: A 21st Century Perspective
... to toggle between ice-covered and near-ice-free states, like the present (North et al., 1981). Aside from its impact as a radiative barrier, the sea-ice cover is a highly effective barrier to gas exchange between ice and ocean. A key greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, is continuously exchanged between ...
... to toggle between ice-covered and near-ice-free states, like the present (North et al., 1981). Aside from its impact as a radiative barrier, the sea-ice cover is a highly effective barrier to gas exchange between ice and ocean. A key greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, is continuously exchanged between ...
The polar amplification asymmetry: role of Antarctic surface height
... mainly due to the presence of thick ice sheets and a compensation of above-sea-level (positive) and below-sea-level (negative) bed rock elevation (Fretwell et al., 2013), the ice is thick enough and the surface temperature is low enough that in many areas melting from above is expected to play a min ...
... mainly due to the presence of thick ice sheets and a compensation of above-sea-level (positive) and below-sea-level (negative) bed rock elevation (Fretwell et al., 2013), the ice is thick enough and the surface temperature is low enough that in many areas melting from above is expected to play a min ...
National Park Service - UAF SNAP
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
CO2, the greenhouse effect and global warming: from the
... literature. Gregor Betz, for example, remarks that ‘‘it’s not even clear that discrete simulations yield individually plausible or relevant projections.’’5 In this article, we delve into the history of climate science, notably the early ‘‘pen-and-paper’’ models of planetary energy budget by Svante A ...
... literature. Gregor Betz, for example, remarks that ‘‘it’s not even clear that discrete simulations yield individually plausible or relevant projections.’’5 In this article, we delve into the history of climate science, notably the early ‘‘pen-and-paper’’ models of planetary energy budget by Svante A ...
Modeling dynamics of tundra plant communities on the Yamal
... a function of both foliar nitrogen concentration and reindeer forage preference. We found that grazing is important, in addition to the latitudinal climate gradient, in controlling tundra plant community composition, explaining about 13% of the total variance in model simulations for all arctic tund ...
... a function of both foliar nitrogen concentration and reindeer forage preference. We found that grazing is important, in addition to the latitudinal climate gradient, in controlling tundra plant community composition, explaining about 13% of the total variance in model simulations for all arctic tund ...
Chapter 6: Glaciers in the Western US
... snowfall is released as meltwater during summer, when precipitation is low. This characteristic is particularly important to farms and fisheries in areas downslope from glaciated mountains like the Cascades or Sierra Nevada. In addition to investigating present-day glacier behavior, researchers use ...
... snowfall is released as meltwater during summer, when precipitation is low. This characteristic is particularly important to farms and fisheries in areas downslope from glaciated mountains like the Cascades or Sierra Nevada. In addition to investigating present-day glacier behavior, researchers use ...
Freshwater-Marine Coupling in the Hudson Bay IRIS
... 1. Between 1980-2010, the open water season has, on average, increased by 3.1 (±0.6) weeks in Hudson Bay, 4.9 (±0.8) in Hudson Strait and 3.5 (±0.9) weeks in Foxe Basin. For every 1˚C increase in SAT, SIE decreases by 14% (% of basin area) with in the Hudson Bay System; a 1˚C increase delays freeze- ...
... 1. Between 1980-2010, the open water season has, on average, increased by 3.1 (±0.6) weeks in Hudson Bay, 4.9 (±0.8) in Hudson Strait and 3.5 (±0.9) weeks in Foxe Basin. For every 1˚C increase in SAT, SIE decreases by 14% (% of basin area) with in the Hudson Bay System; a 1˚C increase delays freeze- ...
Sea-Level Rise Estimates for New Brunswick Municipalities
... level and the anticipated tides) reveals that a significant number of recorded extreme storm surge events fall within range of the upper 95% confidence limit. This is particularly the case with the Escuminac and Shediac residual graphs. In the case of Shediac, the surveyed record level of 3.62 m (CD ...
... level and the anticipated tides) reveals that a significant number of recorded extreme storm surge events fall within range of the upper 95% confidence limit. This is particularly the case with the Escuminac and Shediac residual graphs. In the case of Shediac, the surveyed record level of 3.62 m (CD ...
Chapter 9: Marine Systems - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... organisms and populations, it is only one of many environmental factors that can result in the types of mortality typically observed. It is thus important to assess the relative importance, and hence potential impact, of ozone depletion-related increases in solar UV-B radiation on arctic marine ecos ...
... organisms and populations, it is only one of many environmental factors that can result in the types of mortality typically observed. It is thus important to assess the relative importance, and hence potential impact, of ozone depletion-related increases in solar UV-B radiation on arctic marine ecos ...
Recent and future warm extreme events and high
... 6 Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA 7 US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center—Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, USA 2 Department ...
... 6 Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA 7 US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center—Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, USA 2 Department ...
Global Warming: The Origin and Nature of the Alleged Scientif
... of the positive feedbacks is not only negative, but very large. Not only are there major reasons to believe that models are exaggerating the response to increasing carbon dioxide, but, perhaps even more significantly, the models' predictions for the past century incorrectly describe the pattern of w ...
... of the positive feedbacks is not only negative, but very large. Not only are there major reasons to believe that models are exaggerating the response to increasing carbon dioxide, but, perhaps even more significantly, the models' predictions for the past century incorrectly describe the pattern of w ...
Impacts, Adaptations and Uncertainty in the face of Anthropogenic
... Every year Canada’s boreal forest is affected by disturbances such as fires, insects and disease. In 2010 roughly 3.15 million hectares of forest area was burned in Canada, much of it the boreal forest (Natural Resources Canada, 2011)18. Fire disturbances are influenced by weather conditions. Increa ...
... Every year Canada’s boreal forest is affected by disturbances such as fires, insects and disease. In 2010 roughly 3.15 million hectares of forest area was burned in Canada, much of it the boreal forest (Natural Resources Canada, 2011)18. Fire disturbances are influenced by weather conditions. Increa ...
1. introduction
... can be stabilized by 2100, sea levels will continue to rise for many centuries. The thawing of the Greenland ice sheet which is likely to set in with an increase in temperature of more than 2°C would continue for even thousands of years and cause sea levels to rise by about 5metres. During the 20th ...
... can be stabilized by 2100, sea levels will continue to rise for many centuries. The thawing of the Greenland ice sheet which is likely to set in with an increase in temperature of more than 2°C would continue for even thousands of years and cause sea levels to rise by about 5metres. During the 20th ...
Can Dr. Evil Save The World?
... Wood hooked up his laptop, threw his first slide onto the screen and got down to business: What if all the conventional thinking about how to deal with global warming was wrong? What if you could do an end run around carbon-trading schemes and international treaties and political gridlock and actual ...
... Wood hooked up his laptop, threw his first slide onto the screen and got down to business: What if all the conventional thinking about how to deal with global warming was wrong? What if you could do an end run around carbon-trading schemes and international treaties and political gridlock and actual ...
Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA
... and Society (IBES, http://www.brown.edu/academics/institute-environmentsociety/about), and the Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology's (http://www.brown.edu/haffenreffer) six-decade engagement with northern people and northern heritage. Capitol Hill Ocean Week has been leading the nation’s ocean polic ...
... and Society (IBES, http://www.brown.edu/academics/institute-environmentsociety/about), and the Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology's (http://www.brown.edu/haffenreffer) six-decade engagement with northern people and northern heritage. Capitol Hill Ocean Week has been leading the nation’s ocean polic ...
Climate Change Strategy - Environment Yukon
... In Yukon, and across the circumpolar north, the effects of climate change are becoming more apparent and better understood. Yukon is experiencing impacts such as thawing permafrost, increased glacial melting, rising sea levels on the north coast, beetle infestations across southern spruce forests an ...
... In Yukon, and across the circumpolar north, the effects of climate change are becoming more apparent and better understood. Yukon is experiencing impacts such as thawing permafrost, increased glacial melting, rising sea levels on the north coast, beetle infestations across southern spruce forests an ...
Yukon Government Climate Change Strategy
... In Yukon, and across the circumpolar north, the effects of climate change are becoming more apparent and better understood. Yukon is experiencing impacts such as thawing permafrost, increased glacial melting, rising sea levels on the north coast, beetle infestations across southern spruce forests an ...
... In Yukon, and across the circumpolar north, the effects of climate change are becoming more apparent and better understood. Yukon is experiencing impacts such as thawing permafrost, increased glacial melting, rising sea levels on the north coast, beetle infestations across southern spruce forests an ...
Predicting responses of the Adélie penguin population of Edmonson
... ice environment and in atmospheric precipitations over larger areas of Antarctica. These changes are expected to affect the population dynamics of seabirds and marine mammals, but the extent of this influence is not clear. We investigated the future population trajectories of the colony of Adélie pe ...
... ice environment and in atmospheric precipitations over larger areas of Antarctica. These changes are expected to affect the population dynamics of seabirds and marine mammals, but the extent of this influence is not clear. We investigated the future population trajectories of the colony of Adélie pe ...
Methane, the Clathrate-gun conjecture and a disturbed
... with particular focus on measurement, distribution and mixing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and on mitigation policies; Greenhouse gases in the Earth system: setting the agenda to 2030 ] Opening remarks on the carbon cycle There has been a planetary carbon-cycle for a very long time. Carbon ...
... with particular focus on measurement, distribution and mixing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and on mitigation policies; Greenhouse gases in the Earth system: setting the agenda to 2030 ] Opening remarks on the carbon cycle There has been a planetary carbon-cycle for a very long time. Carbon ...
Barry - Climate change publications
... Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere. J.D. Magnuson and 18 others/inc. R.G. Barry). Science, 289(5485): 1743-46. Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high-latitude environment. M.C. Serreze, J.E. Walsh, F.S. Chapin, III, T. Osterkamp, M. Dyurger ...
... Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere. J.D. Magnuson and 18 others/inc. R.G. Barry). Science, 289(5485): 1743-46. Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high-latitude environment. M.C. Serreze, J.E. Walsh, F.S. Chapin, III, T. Osterkamp, M. Dyurger ...