Influence of Ocean and Atmosphere Components on
... The development of an isopycnal ocean component for the climate model was motivated in part by concern about spurious mixing and poor representations of overflows in depth-coordinate ocean models. Among other sources of spurious mixing (Griffies et al. 2000; Ilicak et al. 2011), depth-coordinate oce ...
... The development of an isopycnal ocean component for the climate model was motivated in part by concern about spurious mixing and poor representations of overflows in depth-coordinate ocean models. Among other sources of spurious mixing (Griffies et al. 2000; Ilicak et al. 2011), depth-coordinate oce ...
Norwegian marine ecosystems – are northern ones more vulnerable
... vulnerability of these ecosystems to pollution from oil, and discuss likely general and species specific differences in vulnerability between northern and southern Norwegian marine ecosystems. Cleaning up marine oil spills in remote, icy areas like the Arctic is particularly difficult. Moreover, the ...
... vulnerability of these ecosystems to pollution from oil, and discuss likely general and species specific differences in vulnerability between northern and southern Norwegian marine ecosystems. Cleaning up marine oil spills in remote, icy areas like the Arctic is particularly difficult. Moreover, the ...
Plant Species Composition and Productivity following Permafrost
... changing moisture regime on soil nutrient availability is also likely to affect plant growth and species composition. These types of changes in surface topography and hydrology are common where permafrost is thawing (Davis and others 2000), but are conspicuously absent from experimental warming stud ...
... changing moisture regime on soil nutrient availability is also likely to affect plant growth and species composition. These types of changes in surface topography and hydrology are common where permafrost is thawing (Davis and others 2000), but are conspicuously absent from experimental warming stud ...
A human-induced hothouse climate?
... hothouses in 104–105 yr occurs as HEATT (haline euxinic acidic thermal transgression) episodes, which generally persist for less than 1 million years. Greenhouse climate preconditions conducive to hothouse development allowed large igneous provinces (LIPs), combined with positive feedback amplifiers ...
... hothouses in 104–105 yr occurs as HEATT (haline euxinic acidic thermal transgression) episodes, which generally persist for less than 1 million years. Greenhouse climate preconditions conducive to hothouse development allowed large igneous provinces (LIPs), combined with positive feedback amplifiers ...
Abrupt intensification of ENSO forced by deglacial ice-sheet
... gradually increases the global mean net downward shortwave flux at surface (Fig. 1b, purple line). The simulated global mean surface air temperature (SAT) (Fig. 1b, red line) is then increased by 0.7 °C since the 19 ka BP. However, instead of following the gradual reduction of the icesheet volume an ...
... gradually increases the global mean net downward shortwave flux at surface (Fig. 1b, purple line). The simulated global mean surface air temperature (SAT) (Fig. 1b, red line) is then increased by 0.7 °C since the 19 ka BP. However, instead of following the gradual reduction of the icesheet volume an ...
The International Tundra Experiment
... slight wind, as they allow the air in the OTC to warm without being removed by wind turbulence (Marion et al. 1997; Bokhorst et al. 2013). They are not as effective on calm, overcast days, and the average warming effect has been found to be 1-3º C during the growing season, which is at the low end o ...
... slight wind, as they allow the air in the OTC to warm without being removed by wind turbulence (Marion et al. 1997; Bokhorst et al. 2013). They are not as effective on calm, overcast days, and the average warming effect has been found to be 1-3º C during the growing season, which is at the low end o ...
Articles
... The ocean at Palmer Station, Antarctic. LTER investigators haveemployed an understanding of time and spacevariations in the stratosphere and Antarctic waters, radiation transfer theory, remote sensing, and sea-surfaceand hydrographic observations to provide one of the first piecesof evidenceof an ec ...
... The ocean at Palmer Station, Antarctic. LTER investigators haveemployed an understanding of time and spacevariations in the stratosphere and Antarctic waters, radiation transfer theory, remote sensing, and sea-surfaceand hydrographic observations to provide one of the first piecesof evidenceof an ec ...
Untitled
... Dr. James D. Ford [FNa1] Copyright © 2008 by Sustainable Development Law & Policy; Dr. James D. Ford INTRODUCTION Climate change is having profound impacts in the Canadian Arctic. Temperatures are increasing at twice the global average, recent years have witnessed a dramatic reduction in summer sea ...
... Dr. James D. Ford [FNa1] Copyright © 2008 by Sustainable Development Law & Policy; Dr. James D. Ford INTRODUCTION Climate change is having profound impacts in the Canadian Arctic. Temperatures are increasing at twice the global average, recent years have witnessed a dramatic reduction in summer sea ...
Warming - Amazon Web Services
... Cores drilled in tropical glaciers show signs of recent melting that is unprecedented at least throughout the Holocene-the past 10,000 years. Another powerful sign of warming, visible clearly from satellites, is the shrinking Arctic sea ice cover (figure 3-5), which has declined 20 percent since sat ...
... Cores drilled in tropical glaciers show signs of recent melting that is unprecedented at least throughout the Holocene-the past 10,000 years. Another powerful sign of warming, visible clearly from satellites, is the shrinking Arctic sea ice cover (figure 3-5), which has declined 20 percent since sat ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made
... Cenozoic, we will argue, until the deep ocean temperature approaches the freezing point of ocean water. Late Pleistocene glacial-interglacial deep ocean temperature changes (Fig. 1c) are only about two-thirds as large as global mean surface temperature changes (section 4). Earth has been in a long-t ...
... Cenozoic, we will argue, until the deep ocean temperature approaches the freezing point of ocean water. Late Pleistocene glacial-interglacial deep ocean temperature changes (Fig. 1c) are only about two-thirds as large as global mean surface temperature changes (section 4). Earth has been in a long-t ...
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... we will examine the current state of the tropical Pacific and how it might evolve over the next few months. We will then explore some current research issues including ENSO precursors, ENSO diversity if there are two (or more) types of events –and the potential impacts of ENSO beyond the tropical Pa ...
... we will examine the current state of the tropical Pacific and how it might evolve over the next few months. We will then explore some current research issues including ENSO precursors, ENSO diversity if there are two (or more) types of events –and the potential impacts of ENSO beyond the tropical Pa ...
Rapid Climate Change Science Plan
... depends on obtaining these measurements, and on doing so over a long enough period to capture their variability. Since the most advanced models now suggest a link between the time-dependence of certain of the ocean fluxes at different Arctic gateways, these measurements ultimately need to be made si ...
... depends on obtaining these measurements, and on doing so over a long enough period to capture their variability. Since the most advanced models now suggest a link between the time-dependence of certain of the ocean fluxes at different Arctic gateways, these measurements ultimately need to be made si ...
Climate change prediction: Erring on the side of least drama?
... before the global financial disruption. Some people have pointed out that the emissions projections were not meant to be reliable in the short term, but it is interesting to note that, so far as these data may be relevant, they fit the pattern of underestimation. 2.5. Predictions of hurricane intensit ...
... before the global financial disruption. Some people have pointed out that the emissions projections were not meant to be reliable in the short term, but it is interesting to note that, so far as these data may be relevant, they fit the pattern of underestimation. 2.5. Predictions of hurricane intensit ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... (Fig. 3a,b). We found support for our first hypothesis: shrubs growing near their northern latitudinal or elevational range limits showed greater climate sensitivity, as did taller (>50 cm maximum canopy height) versus shorter species (<50 cm; Fig. 3c,d). Overall, shrub climate–growth relationships ...
... (Fig. 3a,b). We found support for our first hypothesis: shrubs growing near their northern latitudinal or elevational range limits showed greater climate sensitivity, as did taller (>50 cm maximum canopy height) versus shorter species (<50 cm; Fig. 3c,d). Overall, shrub climate–growth relationships ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made
... Cenozoic, we will argue, until the deep ocean temperature approaches the freezing point of ocean water. Late Pleistocene glacial-interglacial deep ocean temperature changes (Fig. 1c) are only about two-thirds as large as global mean surface temperature changes (section 4). Earth has been in a long-t ...
... Cenozoic, we will argue, until the deep ocean temperature approaches the freezing point of ocean water. Late Pleistocene glacial-interglacial deep ocean temperature changes (Fig. 1c) are only about two-thirds as large as global mean surface temperature changes (section 4). Earth has been in a long-t ...
Science Plan - IGOS Cryosphere
... balance of glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and especially to resolve the large present uncertainties in the mass budgets of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In spite of the fact that the current state of balance of ice sheets and ice caps is not well known, the sensitivity of the volume of ...
... balance of glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and especially to resolve the large present uncertainties in the mass budgets of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In spite of the fact that the current state of balance of ice sheets and ice caps is not well known, the sensitivity of the volume of ...
Future climate warming and changes to mountain permafrost in the
... been reported as 0.5 °C per decade (EEA 2009). The Andes warmed at 0.11 °C per decade in the latter part of the 20th century, which is 0.06 °C per decade above the global average (Vuille et al. 2008). Continued warming is expected to cause further retreat and degradation of highelevation permafrost ...
... been reported as 0.5 °C per decade (EEA 2009). The Andes warmed at 0.11 °C per decade in the latter part of the 20th century, which is 0.06 °C per decade above the global average (Vuille et al. 2008). Continued warming is expected to cause further retreat and degradation of highelevation permafrost ...
The Heat Is On - Climate Central
... aerosols screening incoming solar radiation could also be a factor. Our state-by-state analysis of warming over the past 100 years shows where it warmed the most and where it warmed the least. We found that no matter how much or how little a given state warmed over that 100-year period, the pace of ...
... aerosols screening incoming solar radiation could also be a factor. Our state-by-state analysis of warming over the past 100 years shows where it warmed the most and where it warmed the least. We found that no matter how much or how little a given state warmed over that 100-year period, the pace of ...
Climate Investigations Using Ice Sheet and Mass Balance Models
... University of Maine inquiry-based science technology program funded through a National Science Foundation ITEST grant. IDEAS draws U. Maine researchers together with middle school teachers and students in an effort to utilize computer modeling and visualization of earth science processes in the clas ...
... University of Maine inquiry-based science technology program funded through a National Science Foundation ITEST grant. IDEAS draws U. Maine researchers together with middle school teachers and students in an effort to utilize computer modeling and visualization of earth science processes in the clas ...
Effects of climate change on an emperor penguin population
... of 81% by the year 2100. We find a 43% chance of an even greater decline, of 90% ...
... of 81% by the year 2100. We find a 43% chance of an even greater decline, of 90% ...
Rahmstorf, S., 2008: Anthropogenic Climate Change: Revisiting the
... on the CO2 concentration at that point in time. But the climate sensitivity is nevertheless a simple and very useful measure of the strength of the CO2 effect on climate, because it is a property that characterizes a model (or the real climate system) alone, independent of any particular scenario. T ...
... on the CO2 concentration at that point in time. But the climate sensitivity is nevertheless a simple and very useful measure of the strength of the CO2 effect on climate, because it is a property that characterizes a model (or the real climate system) alone, independent of any particular scenario. T ...
Upper bounds on twenty-first-century Antarctic ice loss assessed
... and expert judgement, but, so far, they have accounted for only a few possible scenarios over small sectors of the ice sheet. More robust upper bounds that may be compared to those generated by SEMs require accounting for the likelihoods of many possible changes in ice-sheet dynamics8,10 . Furthermo ...
... and expert judgement, but, so far, they have accounted for only a few possible scenarios over small sectors of the ice sheet. More robust upper bounds that may be compared to those generated by SEMs require accounting for the likelihoods of many possible changes in ice-sheet dynamics8,10 . Furthermo ...
IEM_Final_Report-draft-29sep16 - UAF SNAP
... thermokarst changes are important to incorporate into the IEM because subsidence associated with the melting of previously frozen water in ice-rich permafrost can result in substantial changes in vegetation and habitat (e.g., turning a graminoid tundra ecosystem into a wetland tundra ecosystem). Wet ...
... thermokarst changes are important to incorporate into the IEM because subsidence associated with the melting of previously frozen water in ice-rich permafrost can result in substantial changes in vegetation and habitat (e.g., turning a graminoid tundra ecosystem into a wetland tundra ecosystem). Wet ...
Climate Change and the Economy: Expected Impacts and Their
... moisture from soils and water loss from plants. In general, wetter areas are projected to become wetter, while drier areas become drier. Thus, regions such as the Northeast and Midwest are expected to experience more precipitation, especially in the form of heavy downpours that can lead to flooding. ...
... moisture from soils and water loss from plants. In general, wetter areas are projected to become wetter, while drier areas become drier. Thus, regions such as the Northeast and Midwest are expected to experience more precipitation, especially in the form of heavy downpours that can lead to flooding. ...
Global Warming - Department of Geology UPRM
... surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, “greenhouse” gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped.Scientists have known about the greenhouse effe ...
... surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, “greenhouse” gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped.Scientists have known about the greenhouse effe ...