Remote Sensing of Cryosphere
... below freezing. Permafrost occurs when the ground is frozen for a long period of time, at least two years below 00 C, and varies in thickness from several meters to thousands of meters (NSIDC, 2011). Glaciers are thick masses of ice on land that are caused by many seasons of snowfall. Glaciers move ...
... below freezing. Permafrost occurs when the ground is frozen for a long period of time, at least two years below 00 C, and varies in thickness from several meters to thousands of meters (NSIDC, 2011). Glaciers are thick masses of ice on land that are caused by many seasons of snowfall. Glaciers move ...
Will sea-level really fall in the Gulf of Thailand?
... Rate of sea-level changes due to climate changes vary according to latitudes: namely (i) in high and middle latitudes, successive glacial, interglacial and interstadial conditions occur with significant sea-level rises, and (ii) in low latitudes, successive humid and arid conditions occur with small ...
... Rate of sea-level changes due to climate changes vary according to latitudes: namely (i) in high and middle latitudes, successive glacial, interglacial and interstadial conditions occur with significant sea-level rises, and (ii) in low latitudes, successive humid and arid conditions occur with small ...
Greene_washington_0250O_15591
... Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) conservation policy has been an international subject of interest since the mid-twentieth century. Divided into 19 subpopulations (13 of which reside in North America), polar bears are a shared resource between the United States, Canada, Russia, Denmark and Norway (see F ...
... Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) conservation policy has been an international subject of interest since the mid-twentieth century. Divided into 19 subpopulations (13 of which reside in North America), polar bears are a shared resource between the United States, Canada, Russia, Denmark and Norway (see F ...
Bering Strait Region Case Study
... information to the general public, state and local officials, Alaska Native groups and various commercial marine interests for sea ice in and near Alaska waters. The Alaska sea ice forecaster prepares routine Sea Ice Advisory text products three days per week that are accompanied by a graphical sea ...
... information to the general public, state and local officials, Alaska Native groups and various commercial marine interests for sea ice in and near Alaska waters. The Alaska sea ice forecaster prepares routine Sea Ice Advisory text products three days per week that are accompanied by a graphical sea ...
A greener Greenland? Climatic potential and long-term
... Arctic vegetation is changing in response to increasing temperatures over the past decades [1]. Satellite imagery indicates increased productivity [2], while repeated-photographic studies report greater shrub cover [3,4], increased tree growth at the boreal–tundra ecotone [5], and northward expansio ...
... Arctic vegetation is changing in response to increasing temperatures over the past decades [1]. Satellite imagery indicates increased productivity [2], while repeated-photographic studies report greater shrub cover [3,4], increased tree growth at the boreal–tundra ecotone [5], and northward expansio ...
House science testimony apr 15 final - Climate Etc.
... the climate is to these increases. Climate sensitivity is defined as the global surface warming that occurs when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles. If climate sensitivity is high, then we can expect substantial warming in the coming century as emissions continue to increa ...
... the climate is to these increases. Climate sensitivity is defined as the global surface warming that occurs when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles. If climate sensitivity is high, then we can expect substantial warming in the coming century as emissions continue to increa ...
Carbon to Climate Change
... microbial decomposition. Other aspects of ecosystem dynamics can be altered by climate change along with thawing permafrost, such as growing season length, plant growth rates and species composition, and ecosystem energy exchange. However, these processes do not appear to be able to compensate for C ...
... microbial decomposition. Other aspects of ecosystem dynamics can be altered by climate change along with thawing permafrost, such as growing season length, plant growth rates and species composition, and ecosystem energy exchange. However, these processes do not appear to be able to compensate for C ...
Differential responses of seabirds to
... regime shift: Benson and Trites, 2002). Although some studies found broad species- and regional-specific relationships between climate variables and breeding parameters (Byrd et al., 2008b), the mechanistic response of seabirds to local climate variability has been elusive and others suggested only ...
... regime shift: Benson and Trites, 2002). Although some studies found broad species- and regional-specific relationships between climate variables and breeding parameters (Byrd et al., 2008b), the mechanistic response of seabirds to local climate variability has been elusive and others suggested only ...
The effect of experimental warming and precipitation
... forest biomes show that the activity of N-degrading enzymes in the soil are less responsive to temperature than those that degrade soil C (Wallenstein et al., 2009; Brzostek & Finzi, 2011), suggesting that current generation of models may overestimate the availability of N to support primary product ...
... forest biomes show that the activity of N-degrading enzymes in the soil are less responsive to temperature than those that degrade soil C (Wallenstein et al., 2009; Brzostek & Finzi, 2011), suggesting that current generation of models may overestimate the availability of N to support primary product ...
Global Warming Answers - smallworldbigthoughts-eub-geo
... falls as snow on the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps) than there is water that flows to the seas from melting glaciers. Since the 1970s, the glaciers of the Arctic, Greenland, and the Antarctic have ceased to retreat, and have started to grow. On January 18, 2002, the journal Science published the ...
... falls as snow on the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps) than there is water that flows to the seas from melting glaciers. Since the 1970s, the glaciers of the Arctic, Greenland, and the Antarctic have ceased to retreat, and have started to grow. On January 18, 2002, the journal Science published the ...
Signs of Climate Change in Nordic Nature
... Monitoring of climate change effects on nature During the last decade, several initiatives have been undertaken at the national as well as the international levels to develop monitoring systems that measure the impact of climate change on nature. For example, the United Nations agreement in 2002 tha ...
... Monitoring of climate change effects on nature During the last decade, several initiatives have been undertaken at the national as well as the international levels to develop monitoring systems that measure the impact of climate change on nature. For example, the United Nations agreement in 2002 tha ...
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Nunavut Setting the
... Nunavut’s communities are facing multiple environmental changes that are impacting daily life as well as traditional activities. Environmental changes including altered weather and temperature patterns can affect everything from the stability of the buildings in our communities to the timing and met ...
... Nunavut’s communities are facing multiple environmental changes that are impacting daily life as well as traditional activities. Environmental changes including altered weather and temperature patterns can affect everything from the stability of the buildings in our communities to the timing and met ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar ...
... possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar ...
... possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar ...
(2012), Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide
... stack had reached interglacial levels while nearly one-third of the excess global ice still remained, although we note that any ice-driven warming would have been partly offset by decreasing greenhouse gas forcing (Fig. 3c and Supplementary Fig. 29a). The apparently small influence of ice-sheet forc ...
... stack had reached interglacial levels while nearly one-third of the excess global ice still remained, although we note that any ice-driven warming would have been partly offset by decreasing greenhouse gas forcing (Fig. 3c and Supplementary Fig. 29a). The apparently small influence of ice-sheet forc ...
Role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate
... remain yet unknown. Model studies generally employ freshwater forcing in the North Atlantic to mimic D/O-like fluctuations (e.g. Ganopolski and Rahmstorf, 2001), but the ultimate source of such a forcing has not been identified. Alternatively, a Southern Ocean origin of abrupt climate changes has al ...
... remain yet unknown. Model studies generally employ freshwater forcing in the North Atlantic to mimic D/O-like fluctuations (e.g. Ganopolski and Rahmstorf, 2001), but the ultimate source of such a forcing has not been identified. Alternatively, a Southern Ocean origin of abrupt climate changes has al ...
Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?
... as ice sheets and forest cover, were fixed. Long-lived GHGs, except for the specified CO2 change, were also fixed, not responding to climate change. The Charney problem thus provides a measure of climate sensitivity including only the effect of ‘fast’ feedback processes, such as changes of water vap ...
... as ice sheets and forest cover, were fixed. Long-lived GHGs, except for the specified CO2 change, were also fixed, not responding to climate change. The Charney problem thus provides a measure of climate sensitivity including only the effect of ‘fast’ feedback processes, such as changes of water vap ...
(2013) Evidence of multiple carbon sources and prey communities
... 1. Lupascu, M., Welker, J. M., Seibt, U., Xu, X., Lindsey, D. S., Czimczik, C. I. (2013). The magnitude, seasonality and sources of CO2 emissions in a High Arctic polar semi-desert in NW Greenland are controlled by precipitation in puts and soil water conditions. Nature Climate Change (in press). 2. ...
... 1. Lupascu, M., Welker, J. M., Seibt, U., Xu, X., Lindsey, D. S., Czimczik, C. I. (2013). The magnitude, seasonality and sources of CO2 emissions in a High Arctic polar semi-desert in NW Greenland are controlled by precipitation in puts and soil water conditions. Nature Climate Change (in press). 2. ...
Anthropogenic modification of the oceans
... CO2 emissions continue at current rapid rates, ocean overturning will eventually slow. At the present time, a more complex picture is emerging, however. The previous understanding of how the rate of global overturning is controlled is being challenged (e.g. [12,13]). More recent work emphasizes the ...
... CO2 emissions continue at current rapid rates, ocean overturning will eventually slow. At the present time, a more complex picture is emerging, however. The previous understanding of how the rate of global overturning is controlled is being challenged (e.g. [12,13]). More recent work emphasizes the ...
The Arctic Athabaskan Petition: Where Accelerated Arctic Warming
... 2013), http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=82094. According to the NASA Earth Observatory, "[i]t grows dramatically each winter, usually reaching its maximum in March." Id. It also "melts just as dramatically each summer, generally reaching its minimum in September." Id. At this rate, ...
... 2013), http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=82094. According to the NASA Earth Observatory, "[i]t grows dramatically each winter, usually reaching its maximum in March." Id. It also "melts just as dramatically each summer, generally reaching its minimum in September." Id. At this rate, ...
Understanding Seasonal Variability in thin Cirrus Clouds from
... Depending on their height, season and hour of the day, the solar albedo effect can outweigh the infrared greenhouse effect, cooling the earthatmosphere system rather than warming it exclusively. As result, based on latitude, the net forcing of sub-visible cirrus clouds can be more accurately paramet ...
... Depending on their height, season and hour of the day, the solar albedo effect can outweigh the infrared greenhouse effect, cooling the earthatmosphere system rather than warming it exclusively. As result, based on latitude, the net forcing of sub-visible cirrus clouds can be more accurately paramet ...
High latitude terrestrial ecosystems are considered key components in the... carbon (C) cycle and hold large reservoirs of soil organic... Abstract
... releases C based trace gases (mainly CO2 and CH4). Because of the radiative greenhouse properties of these gases, soil processes also feedback on the global climate system. Recent studies report increases in permafrost temperatures and under future climate change scenarios permafrost environments st ...
... releases C based trace gases (mainly CO2 and CH4). Because of the radiative greenhouse properties of these gases, soil processes also feedback on the global climate system. Recent studies report increases in permafrost temperatures and under future climate change scenarios permafrost environments st ...
Tropospheric temperature response to stratospheric ozone recovery
... (positive SAM trend) due to ozone depletion is expected to be associated with an enhanced tropospheric temperature gradient between the Antarctic and midlatitude SH. Previous studies of SAM variability have shown that this enhanced temperature gradient is maintained by anomalous vertical motion whic ...
... (positive SAM trend) due to ozone depletion is expected to be associated with an enhanced tropospheric temperature gradient between the Antarctic and midlatitude SH. Previous studies of SAM variability have shown that this enhanced temperature gradient is maintained by anomalous vertical motion whic ...
Global warming - The Open University
... time there have been ‘hot-house’ periods and ice ages. In order to understand the current situation, it is necessary to have some sense of context and perspective, from historical and geological time-scales. The document below shows a chart showing a generalised temperature history of the Earth. Cli ...
... time there have been ‘hot-house’ periods and ice ages. In order to understand the current situation, it is necessary to have some sense of context and perspective, from historical and geological time-scales. The document below shows a chart showing a generalised temperature history of the Earth. Cli ...