- Wiley Online Library
... climate scenarios during the 21st century with a focus on analyzing model parameters induced uncertainty and how this uncertainty compares to the uncertainty induced by various climates. The analysis was based on a set of 10,000 Monte Carlo ensemble Lund-Potsdam-Jena (LPJ) simulations for the northe ...
... climate scenarios during the 21st century with a focus on analyzing model parameters induced uncertainty and how this uncertainty compares to the uncertainty induced by various climates. The analysis was based on a set of 10,000 Monte Carlo ensemble Lund-Potsdam-Jena (LPJ) simulations for the northe ...
Trends and abrupt changes in 104 years of ice cover and water
... in large and small lakes (Winslow et al., 2015). While the importance of wind in lake heat transfer (Fu et al., 2009; Read et al., 2012), mixing, and thermal structure (Desai et al., 2009; Schindler et al., 1990) has been recognized, studies on the effects of wind speed alterations on seasonal ice c ...
... in large and small lakes (Winslow et al., 2015). While the importance of wind in lake heat transfer (Fu et al., 2009; Read et al., 2012), mixing, and thermal structure (Desai et al., 2009; Schindler et al., 1990) has been recognized, studies on the effects of wind speed alterations on seasonal ice c ...
Waterborne transport, ports and waterways: A review of
... Figure 2.3 (reproduced from IPCC, 2007d) shows that there are differences in uncertainty between the scenarios as well. The figure shows projected surface temperature changes for the early and late 21st century relative to the period 1980 1999. The central and right panels show the AtmosphereOcean c ...
... Figure 2.3 (reproduced from IPCC, 2007d) shows that there are differences in uncertainty between the scenarios as well. The figure shows projected surface temperature changes for the early and late 21st century relative to the period 1980 1999. The central and right panels show the AtmosphereOcean c ...
Chapter 6: Projections Based on Global Climate Models
... 0.7 throughout the 21st century (Figure 6.2). This phenomenon is linked to the fact that the global oceans have been warming (and are projected to warm into the future) at a lower rate than global land areas (c.f. Sections 3.2 and 6.3). As the PCCSP region has a higher percentage of ocean surface th ...
... 0.7 throughout the 21st century (Figure 6.2). This phenomenon is linked to the fact that the global oceans have been warming (and are projected to warm into the future) at a lower rate than global land areas (c.f. Sections 3.2 and 6.3). As the PCCSP region has a higher percentage of ocean surface th ...
Freshwater Ecosystems and Fisheries
... Changes in climate and ultraviolet radiation levels in the Arctic will have far-reaching impacts, affecting aquatic species at various trophic levels, the physical and chemical environment that makes up their habitat, and the processes that act on and within freshwater ecosystems. Interactions of cl ...
... Changes in climate and ultraviolet radiation levels in the Arctic will have far-reaching impacts, affecting aquatic species at various trophic levels, the physical and chemical environment that makes up their habitat, and the processes that act on and within freshwater ecosystems. Interactions of cl ...
The non-synchronous response of Rabots Glacia¨r and Storglacia
... preserves mass continuity, it does not capture the timedependent behavior of the unmodeled sections of the glaciers. Instead it implies that these regions of the glaciers respond instantaneously to mass-balance perturbations, whereas in reality changes in geometry upstream of the boundary would resu ...
... preserves mass continuity, it does not capture the timedependent behavior of the unmodeled sections of the glaciers. Instead it implies that these regions of the glaciers respond instantaneously to mass-balance perturbations, whereas in reality changes in geometry upstream of the boundary would resu ...
- LPPM-UNILA Institutional Repository (LPPM
... world’s weather” and “polar ice will melt”. These findings together with students’ low level cognitive scores and the fact that students cannot be used to describe greenhouse effect correctly and completely which indicate that the students know some points about global warming but their knowledge is ...
... world’s weather” and “polar ice will melt”. These findings together with students’ low level cognitive scores and the fact that students cannot be used to describe greenhouse effect correctly and completely which indicate that the students know some points about global warming but their knowledge is ...
Increasing nest predation will be insufficient to maintain polar bear
... lomvia) colonies has increased seven-fold between 1987 and 2012, and that interannual variation in polar bear presence was strongly predicted by the length of the ice-free period. Similarly, polar bears were almost never observed at five large mixed-species colonies in Spitsbergen and eastern Greenl ...
... lomvia) colonies has increased seven-fold between 1987 and 2012, and that interannual variation in polar bear presence was strongly predicted by the length of the ice-free period. Similarly, polar bears were almost never observed at five large mixed-species colonies in Spitsbergen and eastern Greenl ...
STATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN CLIMATE
... bottom water in the Weddell Sea has warmed. In contrast to these regional climate changes, over most of Antarctica, near-surface temperature and snowfall have not increased significantly during at least the past 50 years, and proxy data suggest that the atmospheric circulation over the interior has ...
... bottom water in the Weddell Sea has warmed. In contrast to these regional climate changes, over most of Antarctica, near-surface temperature and snowfall have not increased significantly during at least the past 50 years, and proxy data suggest that the atmospheric circulation over the interior has ...
Methane hydrates and Climate Change, Ruppel
... Even when gas hydrate dissociates, several factors mitigate the impact of the liberated CH4 on the sedimentocean-atmosphere system. In marine sediments, the released CH4 may dissolve in local pore waters, remain trapped as gas, or rise toward the seafloor as bubbles. Up to 90% or more of the CH4 tha ...
... Even when gas hydrate dissociates, several factors mitigate the impact of the liberated CH4 on the sedimentocean-atmosphere system. In marine sediments, the released CH4 may dissolve in local pore waters, remain trapped as gas, or rise toward the seafloor as bubbles. Up to 90% or more of the CH4 tha ...
Levels of emerging contaminants and influence of
... northern fulmar chicks, but higher than levels in adult and juvenile harbour seal. Also for PFSAs the levels were lowest in black-legged kittiwake. PFASs have also been measured in ivory gull eggs (Pagopila eburnean) from the Norwegian and Russian Arctic (Miljeteig et al., 2009), as well as in eggs ...
... northern fulmar chicks, but higher than levels in adult and juvenile harbour seal. Also for PFSAs the levels were lowest in black-legged kittiwake. PFASs have also been measured in ivory gull eggs (Pagopila eburnean) from the Norwegian and Russian Arctic (Miljeteig et al., 2009), as well as in eggs ...
A Unified Sea Level Rise Projection for Southeast Florida April 2011
... climate concerns in the region. As expressed by the SE FL Compact Steering Committee, the Climate Compact Counties recognized the critical need to unify the existing local SLR projections to create a single regional SLR projection. Key participants in developing the existing projections and other lo ...
... climate concerns in the region. As expressed by the SE FL Compact Steering Committee, the Climate Compact Counties recognized the critical need to unify the existing local SLR projections to create a single regional SLR projection. Key participants in developing the existing projections and other lo ...
A Unified Sea Level Rise Projection for Southeast Florida April 2011
... climate concerns in the region. As expressed by the SE FL Compact Steering Committee, the Climate Compact Counties recognized the critical need to unify the existing local SLR projections to create a single regional SLR projection. Key participants in developing the existing projections and other lo ...
... climate concerns in the region. As expressed by the SE FL Compact Steering Committee, the Climate Compact Counties recognized the critical need to unify the existing local SLR projections to create a single regional SLR projection. Key participants in developing the existing projections and other lo ...
The exchange of carbon dioxide between wet arctic - HAL-Insu
... part of Samoylov Island. Wet polygonal tundra extended at least 600 m in all directions from the eddy tower (Fig. 2). The three-dimensional wind vector and the sonic temperature were measured with a sonic anemometer (Solent R3, Gill Instruments Ltd., UK) at a height of 3.65 m above ground level. The ...
... part of Samoylov Island. Wet polygonal tundra extended at least 600 m in all directions from the eddy tower (Fig. 2). The three-dimensional wind vector and the sonic temperature were measured with a sonic anemometer (Solent R3, Gill Instruments Ltd., UK) at a height of 3.65 m above ground level. The ...
Subglacial and Proglacial Ecosystem Responses to
... The origins of subglacial and proglacial microbial communities are closely related to the history of glaciers and, thus, to regional and global climate changes (Figure 1A). When glaciers grow during a cold climatic period, they increase in volume and advance across their proglacial forelands towards ...
... The origins of subglacial and proglacial microbial communities are closely related to the history of glaciers and, thus, to regional and global climate changes (Figure 1A). When glaciers grow during a cold climatic period, they increase in volume and advance across their proglacial forelands towards ...
What is dangerous climate change?
... thank the organizing committee for shaping the symposium and making it happen. In particular, we would like to thank Mr. Bill Hare who has committed an incredible amount of time and energy by setting the content for this symposium, facilitating the scientific debate on the question “what is dangerou ...
... thank the organizing committee for shaping the symposium and making it happen. In particular, we would like to thank Mr. Bill Hare who has committed an incredible amount of time and energy by setting the content for this symposium, facilitating the scientific debate on the question “what is dangerou ...
Climate Change Indicators in the United States
... data availability. For each indicator, this report presents one or more graphics showing trends over time; a list of key points; and text that describes how the indicator relates to climate change, how the indicator was developed, and any factors that might contribute to uncertainty in the trend or ...
... data availability. For each indicator, this report presents one or more graphics showing trends over time; a list of key points; and text that describes how the indicator relates to climate change, how the indicator was developed, and any factors that might contribute to uncertainty in the trend or ...
The Extinction of the Woolley Mammoth
... Deterred by the barriers in collecting evidences of the combination of both climate and human Factors as responsible for this extinction. More modern research methods such as simulations and Modeling were used to illustrate the possibilities (Oared, 2004). A combination of climate and factors were c ...
... Deterred by the barriers in collecting evidences of the combination of both climate and human Factors as responsible for this extinction. More modern research methods such as simulations and Modeling were used to illustrate the possibilities (Oared, 2004). A combination of climate and factors were c ...
Climate Sensitivity, Sea Level, and Atmospheric
... perturbation of the planet's energy balance (IPCC, 2007; Hansen et al., 2011), is the human-made increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases, especially CO2 from burning of fossil fuels. Earth's response to climate forcings is slowed by the inertia of the global ocean and the great ice sheets on Greenl ...
... perturbation of the planet's energy balance (IPCC, 2007; Hansen et al., 2011), is the human-made increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases, especially CO2 from burning of fossil fuels. Earth's response to climate forcings is slowed by the inertia of the global ocean and the great ice sheets on Greenl ...
Climate change and the world`s “Sacred Sea” – Lake
... abundance of Baikal diatom species in sediment cores to reconstruct historical snow depths as far back as 1000 years ago (Mackay et al. 2005). However, it is difficult to predict the effects of an increase in spring precipitation and a shift toward more rain rather than snow. Rain that falls on snow ...
... abundance of Baikal diatom species in sediment cores to reconstruct historical snow depths as far back as 1000 years ago (Mackay et al. 2005). However, it is difficult to predict the effects of an increase in spring precipitation and a shift toward more rain rather than snow. Rain that falls on snow ...
ocean-climate.org - Plateforme Océan et Climat
... greenhouse gases related to human activity does not only affect the lower layers of the atmosphere and the surface of the continents. Measurements of sea temperature have been made during the past five to six decades over the 1000 to 2000 first meters of the ocean from ships, oceanographic buoys, mo ...
... greenhouse gases related to human activity does not only affect the lower layers of the atmosphere and the surface of the continents. Measurements of sea temperature have been made during the past five to six decades over the 1000 to 2000 first meters of the ocean from ships, oceanographic buoys, mo ...
Climate Change and the World`s “Sacred Sea”—Lake Baikal, Siberia
... abundance of Baikal diatom species in sediment cores to reconstruct historical snow depths as far back as 1000 years ago (Mackay et al. 2005). However, it is difficult to predict the effects of an increase in spring precipitation and a shift toward more rain rather than snow. Rain that falls on snow ...
... abundance of Baikal diatom species in sediment cores to reconstruct historical snow depths as far back as 1000 years ago (Mackay et al. 2005). However, it is difficult to predict the effects of an increase in spring precipitation and a shift toward more rain rather than snow. Rain that falls on snow ...
Chapter 3: Climate observations and projections
... the rate has varied substantially. For example, the first and last 30-year periods were characterized by warming, while the middle segment, from 1930 to the late 1970s, was not. The absence of a warming trend during the middle of the 20th century may have been due in part to the cooling effects of l ...
... the rate has varied substantially. For example, the first and last 30-year periods were characterized by warming, while the middle segment, from 1930 to the late 1970s, was not. The absence of a warming trend during the middle of the 20th century may have been due in part to the cooling effects of l ...