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The Effect of Salinity on the Wind
... regarded as given. These idealizations preclude detailed comparisons between our results and observed climate phenomena because, in reality, the effects of changes in salinity on sea surface temperatures will alter the winds that drive the ocean. The first step toward understanding the resultant com ...
... regarded as given. These idealizations preclude detailed comparisons between our results and observed climate phenomena because, in reality, the effects of changes in salinity on sea surface temperatures will alter the winds that drive the ocean. The first step toward understanding the resultant com ...
Review of Soundings: The Story of the Remarkable Woman Who Mapped the Ocean Floor by Hali Felt
... and Crick’s discovery of the structure of DNA, but she was largely unheralded and forgotten. Einstein was little more than a footnote in her husband’s biographical story until a 1987 release of his private letters revealed that she was a brilliant and ambitious physicist in her own right. Soundings, ...
... and Crick’s discovery of the structure of DNA, but she was largely unheralded and forgotten. Einstein was little more than a footnote in her husband’s biographical story until a 1987 release of his private letters revealed that she was a brilliant and ambitious physicist in her own right. Soundings, ...
seafloor-spreading
... 14. The mid-oceanic ridge portion of this cross section best represents A) convergence of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate B) divergence of the African Plate and the South American Plate C) subduction of the Philippine Plate by the China Plate D) transform faulting between the Pacific P ...
... 14. The mid-oceanic ridge portion of this cross section best represents A) convergence of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate B) divergence of the African Plate and the South American Plate C) subduction of the Philippine Plate by the China Plate D) transform faulting between the Pacific P ...
seafloor-spreading
... 14. The mid-oceanic ridge portion of this cross section best represents A) convergence of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate B) divergence of the African Plate and the South American Plate C) subduction of the Philippine Plate by the China Plate D) transform faulting between the Pacific P ...
... 14. The mid-oceanic ridge portion of this cross section best represents A) convergence of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate B) divergence of the African Plate and the South American Plate C) subduction of the Philippine Plate by the China Plate D) transform faulting between the Pacific P ...
Hydrothermal Vents Lesson Plan
... mussels, and pompeii worms are the primary, or first level consumers. Compared to the photosynthetic web, where the first level consumers would eat the plants, these consumers would feed on the bacteria. Vent zooplankton, vent amphipods. and vent shrimp feed on vent bacteria. Vent clams, Riftia worm ...
... mussels, and pompeii worms are the primary, or first level consumers. Compared to the photosynthetic web, where the first level consumers would eat the plants, these consumers would feed on the bacteria. Vent zooplankton, vent amphipods. and vent shrimp feed on vent bacteria. Vent clams, Riftia worm ...
Persistent organic pollutants in ocean sediments from the North
... the 4th Arctic expedition between July and September 2010 (CHINARE 4). The sampling stations roughly follow a latitudinal northward transect across the Bering Sea through Bering Strait and cover both the Chukchi Sea and Canadian Basin (53–88 N). In addition, 0–2 cm sediment samples were collected d ...
... the 4th Arctic expedition between July and September 2010 (CHINARE 4). The sampling stations roughly follow a latitudinal northward transect across the Bering Sea through Bering Strait and cover both the Chukchi Sea and Canadian Basin (53–88 N). In addition, 0–2 cm sediment samples were collected d ...
chapter 2 - Geophile.net
... 17. What keeps the Appalachians standing as a mountain range even though they have been continuously eroding since they formed hundreds of millions of years ago? a. They are actually becoming lower by the amount that material is eroded off the top. b. They are again being pushed up by collision betw ...
... 17. What keeps the Appalachians standing as a mountain range even though they have been continuously eroding since they formed hundreds of millions of years ago? a. They are actually becoming lower by the amount that material is eroded off the top. b. They are again being pushed up by collision betw ...
chapter 2 - Geophile.net
... 17. What keeps the Appalachians standing as a mountain range even though they have been continuously eroding since they formed hundreds of millions of years ago? a. They are actually becoming lower by the amount that material is eroded off the top. b. They are again being pushed up by collision betw ...
... 17. What keeps the Appalachians standing as a mountain range even though they have been continuously eroding since they formed hundreds of millions of years ago? a. They are actually becoming lower by the amount that material is eroded off the top. b. They are again being pushed up by collision betw ...
Ocean Crust - The University of Southern Mississippi
... on the uppermost mantle. Many plates (=lithosphere) have both oceanic and continental crust seated on the same uppermost mantle peridotite. b. Continental crust has formed by differentiation and fractionation of the interior of the planet (the mantle). It is made of the lightest and most volatile ma ...
... on the uppermost mantle. Many plates (=lithosphere) have both oceanic and continental crust seated on the same uppermost mantle peridotite. b. Continental crust has formed by differentiation and fractionation of the interior of the planet (the mantle). It is made of the lightest and most volatile ma ...
2. Products - Dragoness - Nansen Environmental and Remote
... 1. Publishable Executive Summary The major task for this second period was to evaluate the potential use and sustainability of products and service for ocean environmental monitoring and security by using spaceborne, in-situ observing data and modelling, especially for those that can be transferred ...
... 1. Publishable Executive Summary The major task for this second period was to evaluate the potential use and sustainability of products and service for ocean environmental monitoring and security by using spaceborne, in-situ observing data and modelling, especially for those that can be transferred ...
Safeguarding the Health of Oceans
... Oblivious to the peril, humanity has pushed the world’s oceans close to—and in some cases past—their natural limits. The warning signs are clear. Seven out of 10 commercial fish species are fully or overexploited. Like the orange roughy, many are unable to replenish their stocks. More than half of t ...
... Oblivious to the peril, humanity has pushed the world’s oceans close to—and in some cases past—their natural limits. The warning signs are clear. Seven out of 10 commercial fish species are fully or overexploited. Like the orange roughy, many are unable to replenish their stocks. More than half of t ...
The microbial view of marine biogeochemical cycles
... Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany ...
... Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany ...
2016 - Plateforme Océan et Climat
... suggest a mean sea-level rise of 60 cm to 1 meter by 2100. Sea-level rise significantly varies from one region to another. Moreover, this process is further accentuated when combined with other non-climate factors such as soil compaction or loss of sediment supply by rivers… The impacts of sea-level ...
... suggest a mean sea-level rise of 60 cm to 1 meter by 2100. Sea-level rise significantly varies from one region to another. Moreover, this process is further accentuated when combined with other non-climate factors such as soil compaction or loss of sediment supply by rivers… The impacts of sea-level ...
CCAMLR Science, 2
... E. carlsbergi (based on a consumption rate of seven times body weight per annum) can be estimated at 157 to 364 million tonnes. The impact of predators on myctophid populations in the Southern Ocean ecosystem is not well understood. At the same time, it is known that myctophids are a food source for ...
... E. carlsbergi (based on a consumption rate of seven times body weight per annum) can be estimated at 157 to 364 million tonnes. The impact of predators on myctophid populations in the Southern Ocean ecosystem is not well understood. At the same time, it is known that myctophids are a food source for ...
towards an ocean governance framework and national ocean policy
... At a world level, the predominant role of the oceans as a source of life and sustainable development is being considered. The States are adopting new approaches based on an integrated and sustainable management of the marine areas upon their jurisdiction. In this sense, the concepts on ocean governa ...
... At a world level, the predominant role of the oceans as a source of life and sustainable development is being considered. The States are adopting new approaches based on an integrated and sustainable management of the marine areas upon their jurisdiction. In this sense, the concepts on ocean governa ...
Climate change and dead zones
... on the wide variety of ways in which climate change can influence these factors through temperature, ocean acidification (OA), sea-level rise, precipitation, winds, storm frequency, and other variables (Fig. 1), we suggest that climate change is likely contributing to the observed increase in dead z ...
... on the wide variety of ways in which climate change can influence these factors through temperature, ocean acidification (OA), sea-level rise, precipitation, winds, storm frequency, and other variables (Fig. 1), we suggest that climate change is likely contributing to the observed increase in dead z ...
The 4th Asian/13th Korea-Japan Workshop on Ocean Color
... Understanding in earth and ocean environments like never before is possible because of satellite technology that can provides synoptic view of environmental changes both in spatial and temporal aspects. This state-of-the-art technology is undoubtedly very useful for the study of global climate chang ...
... Understanding in earth and ocean environments like never before is possible because of satellite technology that can provides synoptic view of environmental changes both in spatial and temporal aspects. This state-of-the-art technology is undoubtedly very useful for the study of global climate chang ...
Chapter 13 - MiraCosta College
... • Why does oceanic lithosphere subduct? • Younger, warmer oceanic lithosphere is more buoyant, and angles of descent are small. – The lithospheric slab moves horizontally beneath a block of continental lithosphere. – This phenomenon is called buoyant subduction. ...
... • Why does oceanic lithosphere subduct? • Younger, warmer oceanic lithosphere is more buoyant, and angles of descent are small. – The lithospheric slab moves horizontally beneath a block of continental lithosphere. – This phenomenon is called buoyant subduction. ...
Winners and losers: Ecological and biogeochemical changes in a
... brief overview and only the pertinent parameters (Table 1). [14] We resolve inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and silica, 100 phytoplankton types, as well as two grazers. The biogeochemical and biological tracers are transported and mixed by the climate system model and inte ...
... brief overview and only the pertinent parameters (Table 1). [14] We resolve inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and silica, 100 phytoplankton types, as well as two grazers. The biogeochemical and biological tracers are transported and mixed by the climate system model and inte ...
Consultative Draft, V5 November, 2016
... system. Roughly equivalent volumes of dense water sink in the North Atlantic and Antarctic limbs of the MOC and are transported to distant ocean basins. Despite their importance, long-term repeated direct velocity observations of the DWBCs in the Atlantic exist only in a few locations in the North ...
... system. Roughly equivalent volumes of dense water sink in the North Atlantic and Antarctic limbs of the MOC and are transported to distant ocean basins. Despite their importance, long-term repeated direct velocity observations of the DWBCs in the Atlantic exist only in a few locations in the North ...
Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Deep Waters and High Seas
... societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable” (IUCN). In the light of this complementarity, we have joined efforts to summarise facts and options for the conservation and sus ...
... societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable” (IUCN). In the light of this complementarity, we have joined efforts to summarise facts and options for the conservation and sus ...
Preserving a balanced ocean: regulating climate change mitigation
... photosynthesised carbon into the deep ocean. 18 There are variety of risks and uncertainties associated with open ocean fertilisation which have prompted concern among scientists and environmentalists. The effects of stimulating phytoplankton productivity on other marine organisms and marine ecosyst ...
... photosynthesised carbon into the deep ocean. 18 There are variety of risks and uncertainties associated with open ocean fertilisation which have prompted concern among scientists and environmentalists. The effects of stimulating phytoplankton productivity on other marine organisms and marine ecosyst ...
The Global Oxygen Cycle - Lithosphere Fluid Research Group
... of the Earth’s atmosphere for wide spans of the geologic past. Study of the oxygen cycle is therefore important because while an equable O2 atmosphere is central to life as we know it, our understanding of exactly why O2 concentrations remain nearly constant over large spans of geologic time is very ...
... of the Earth’s atmosphere for wide spans of the geologic past. Study of the oxygen cycle is therefore important because while an equable O2 atmosphere is central to life as we know it, our understanding of exactly why O2 concentrations remain nearly constant over large spans of geologic time is very ...
NOAA Ocean and Great Lakes Acidification Research Plan
... Northeast Region Ocean Acidification Research Plan—Beth Phelan, Jon Hare, Ellen Mecray, Gary Wikfors, Shannon Meseck, Christopher Chambers, Daniel Wieczorek, Vincent Guida, Ronald Goldberg, Dean Perry, Michael Fogarty, Paul Ticco, and Charles Stock 6.0 Ocean Acidification in the Northeast Region . . ...
... Northeast Region Ocean Acidification Research Plan—Beth Phelan, Jon Hare, Ellen Mecray, Gary Wikfors, Shannon Meseck, Christopher Chambers, Daniel Wieczorek, Vincent Guida, Ronald Goldberg, Dean Perry, Michael Fogarty, Paul Ticco, and Charles Stock 6.0 Ocean Acidification in the Northeast Region . . ...
Ocean acidification
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WOA05_GLODAP_del_pH_AYool.png?width=300)
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.