Reports - geo
... Summary Proceedings – GEOSS Workshop XXXVIII: Evolution of Oceans Observing Systems, Building an infrastructure for Science, Seattle, USA, September 19, 2010 Strategic Targets document). A GEOSS overview chart is showing the nine Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs). The GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) ...
... Summary Proceedings – GEOSS Workshop XXXVIII: Evolution of Oceans Observing Systems, Building an infrastructure for Science, Seattle, USA, September 19, 2010 Strategic Targets document). A GEOSS overview chart is showing the nine Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs). The GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) ...
Aluminium in an ocean general circulation model compared with the
... and Bruland, 1986; Moran and Moore, 1989; Bruland and Lohan, 2006). This is the combination of adsorption onto a solid surface, followed by sinking due to insufficient buoyancy of the particulates in the seawater (Goldberg, 1954; Bacon and Anderson, 1982; Bruland and Lohan, 2006). Typically, scaveng ...
... and Bruland, 1986; Moran and Moore, 1989; Bruland and Lohan, 2006). This is the combination of adsorption onto a solid surface, followed by sinking due to insufficient buoyancy of the particulates in the seawater (Goldberg, 1954; Bacon and Anderson, 1982; Bruland and Lohan, 2006). Typically, scaveng ...
Unit 6
... oceans face? Dredging of the seabed The dredging of the seabed and the dumping of materials muddy the sea water. The fish and animal population falls as food becomes less and ...
... oceans face? Dredging of the seabed The dredging of the seabed and the dumping of materials muddy the sea water. The fish and animal population falls as food becomes less and ...
Conservation on the High Seas – drift algae habitat as an open
... In terms of attached populations of marine macro-algae, conservation legislation has been adopted in a number of countries including Japan, Denmark, California (US), France and Chile, as a result of harvesting pressure. In terms of drift algae, most existing measures for its conservation have origin ...
... In terms of attached populations of marine macro-algae, conservation legislation has been adopted in a number of countries including Japan, Denmark, California (US), France and Chile, as a result of harvesting pressure. In terms of drift algae, most existing measures for its conservation have origin ...
High rates of arc consumption by subduction processes: Some
... may not have changed greatly during the past several hundred million years. Uncertainties about both net growth or the loss of crustal material are such that it is not possible to conclude in favor of a continental or GEOLOGY, June 1995 ...
... may not have changed greatly during the past several hundred million years. Uncertainties about both net growth or the loss of crustal material are such that it is not possible to conclude in favor of a continental or GEOLOGY, June 1995 ...
Dissertation from the Department of Geological Sciences No. Lipid
... The work in this thesis has principally been carried out by the author, except for the collection of the analyzed peat material and marine sediments, the macrofossil analyses in peat (Pete Kuhry), radiocarbon analyses (Lund University) and the XRF core scanning (Ludvig Löwemark). The extraction and ...
... The work in this thesis has principally been carried out by the author, except for the collection of the analyzed peat material and marine sediments, the macrofossil analyses in peat (Pete Kuhry), radiocarbon analyses (Lund University) and the XRF core scanning (Ludvig Löwemark). The extraction and ...
Plankton trophodynamics at the subtropical convergence, Southern
... and low [CO2(aq)] water mass. Gradients or regional differences in d13C or d15N imply that phytoplankton growth and nutrient supply are important factors in structuring isotopic regimes in the marine environment (Altabet and Francois, 1994; Schell et al., 1998). Consumers of POM in any given region ...
... and low [CO2(aq)] water mass. Gradients or regional differences in d13C or d15N imply that phytoplankton growth and nutrient supply are important factors in structuring isotopic regimes in the marine environment (Altabet and Francois, 1994; Schell et al., 1998). Consumers of POM in any given region ...
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological Diversity
... 4. Sequestration of carbon as biomass and its subsequent storage: through, for example, biochar or long term storage of crop residue; and 5. Direct capture of carbon from the atmosphere and its subsequent storage, for example, using “artificial trees” and storage in geological formations or in the d ...
... 4. Sequestration of carbon as biomass and its subsequent storage: through, for example, biochar or long term storage of crop residue; and 5. Direct capture of carbon from the atmosphere and its subsequent storage, for example, using “artificial trees” and storage in geological formations or in the d ...
Bioregionalisation of the Southern Ocean - WWF
... The primary datasets used in this analysis were depth, sea surface temperature, silicate and nitrate. These highlighted the different environmental characteristics of large regions including the continental shelf and slope, frontal features (Subantarctic Front, Polar Front, Southern Antarctic Circum ...
... The primary datasets used in this analysis were depth, sea surface temperature, silicate and nitrate. These highlighted the different environmental characteristics of large regions including the continental shelf and slope, frontal features (Subantarctic Front, Polar Front, Southern Antarctic Circum ...
Ocean page samples
... OC1. How much plastic pollution is there in the sea? OC5. What effect does marine pollution have on dolphins? OC6. Why is DDT a problem in the marine food chain? OC7. What are some of our seas contaminated with? OC8. What effect does oil have on feathers? ...
... OC1. How much plastic pollution is there in the sea? OC5. What effect does marine pollution have on dolphins? OC6. Why is DDT a problem in the marine food chain? OC7. What are some of our seas contaminated with? OC8. What effect does oil have on feathers? ...
ggecgoos05. - Japan Oceanographic Data Center
... Julie Hall gave an invited talk on C-GOOS at the International Coastal Symposium 2000, the theme of which was “Challenges for the 21st Century in Coastal Science, Engineering and Development” in Routoura, New Zealand. She stressed that there is an important task for the panel in educating the scient ...
... Julie Hall gave an invited talk on C-GOOS at the International Coastal Symposium 2000, the theme of which was “Challenges for the 21st Century in Coastal Science, Engineering and Development” in Routoura, New Zealand. She stressed that there is an important task for the panel in educating the scient ...
DS3F White Paper - Deep Sea Frontier
... research, including a better predictive capacity of the response of deep sea ecosystems to environmental change. Such an approach is becoming important as human influence on these remote environments is escalating through activities such as fishing, hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, mineral ...
... research, including a better predictive capacity of the response of deep sea ecosystems to environmental change. Such an approach is becoming important as human influence on these remote environments is escalating through activities such as fishing, hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, mineral ...
Ecosystem-Based Management in the Arctic Ocean: A Multi
... The Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) approach is inseparable from the concept of ecosystem health, which in turn is critical to ensuring sustainable use of natural resources for provision of ecosystem goods and services (Rapport et al., 1998). It is wise to keep in mind that, although some ecosystem ...
... The Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) approach is inseparable from the concept of ecosystem health, which in turn is critical to ensuring sustainable use of natural resources for provision of ecosystem goods and services (Rapport et al., 1998). It is wise to keep in mind that, although some ecosystem ...
Ocean Eddy Dynamics in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model*
... The role of mesoscale oceanic eddies is analyzed in a quasigeostrophic coupled ocean–atmosphere model operating at a large Reynolds number. The model dynamics are characterized by decadal variability that involves nonlinear adjustment of the ocean to coherent north–south shifts of the atmosphere. Th ...
... The role of mesoscale oceanic eddies is analyzed in a quasigeostrophic coupled ocean–atmosphere model operating at a large Reynolds number. The model dynamics are characterized by decadal variability that involves nonlinear adjustment of the ocean to coherent north–south shifts of the atmosphere. Th ...
geoengineering: ocean iron fertilisation and the
... the problem is one of collective action and efforts to reduce greenhouse gas risks have been disappointing so far.30 This disappointment has led to a second legitimate category of action, that is, the adaptation of society and ecosystems to the developing climate.31 The third category of action invo ...
... the problem is one of collective action and efforts to reduce greenhouse gas risks have been disappointing so far.30 This disappointment has led to a second legitimate category of action, that is, the adaptation of society and ecosystems to the developing climate.31 The third category of action invo ...
The Remarkable Diversity of Seafloor Vents
... being transferred by conduction (particleto-particle transfer) near the ridge crests. Scientists hypothesized that heat was also transferred by convection, as fluid circulated within the crust near mid-ocean ridges. Sure enough, cold seawater is entering cracks and conduits within seafloor crust. It ...
... being transferred by conduction (particleto-particle transfer) near the ridge crests. Scientists hypothesized that heat was also transferred by convection, as fluid circulated within the crust near mid-ocean ridges. Sure enough, cold seawater is entering cracks and conduits within seafloor crust. It ...
primary production methods - Center for Microbial Oceanography
... ed as CH2 O. Carbon dioxide in sea water is found in several chemical forms which exchange quickly enough to be considered in aggregate as total CO2 (TCO2 ). In principle, photosynthesis can be quantiRed by measuring any of three light-dependent processes: (1) the increase in organic carbon; (2) the ...
... ed as CH2 O. Carbon dioxide in sea water is found in several chemical forms which exchange quickly enough to be considered in aggregate as total CO2 (TCO2 ). In principle, photosynthesis can be quantiRed by measuring any of three light-dependent processes: (1) the increase in organic carbon; (2) the ...
Geology/Earth Science - Northern Michigan University
... Includes the names, positions, composition, and characteristics of the earth’s main layers; and uses of the seismograph in investigating the earth’s structure. Analyze geological structures (e.g.. folds, faults). Includes characteristics of the geological structures of the earth; mechanisms involved ...
... Includes the names, positions, composition, and characteristics of the earth’s main layers; and uses of the seismograph in investigating the earth’s structure. Analyze geological structures (e.g.. folds, faults). Includes characteristics of the geological structures of the earth; mechanisms involved ...
Calcium - IDC
... where it reacts with dissolved carbon ioxide to produce limestone. Certain quantities of this limestone precipitates to the sea floor where it is incorporated into new rock strata. Dissolved carbon dioxide, together with carbonate and bicarbonate ions, are termed dissolved inorganic carbon. The actu ...
... where it reacts with dissolved carbon ioxide to produce limestone. Certain quantities of this limestone precipitates to the sea floor where it is incorporated into new rock strata. Dissolved carbon dioxide, together with carbonate and bicarbonate ions, are termed dissolved inorganic carbon. The actu ...
MAMA - Capemalta
... the riparian countries, and this is expected to increase in the future. The increasing range of maritime transport, off-shore industries, tourism and human activities in the coastal area are exacerbating pressures on the marine environment, raising even more the need to adequately manage its resourc ...
... the riparian countries, and this is expected to increase in the future. The increasing range of maritime transport, off-shore industries, tourism and human activities in the coastal area are exacerbating pressures on the marine environment, raising even more the need to adequately manage its resourc ...
Document
... the chemistry of ocean water, leading to things such as a decreased rate of calcification amongst many marine organisms. For example, one of the main compounds from which coral build their structure is calcium carbonate. Ocean acidification decreases the amount of calcium carbonate available to thes ...
... the chemistry of ocean water, leading to things such as a decreased rate of calcification amongst many marine organisms. For example, one of the main compounds from which coral build their structure is calcium carbonate. Ocean acidification decreases the amount of calcium carbonate available to thes ...
Received: 1 November 2014 IOTC-2014-WPTT16-23
... considered to be in a very limited area between Australia and Indonesia (Shinguu, 1981; Nishikawa et al., 1985; Matsuura et al., 1997). It is very important to understand the variability of the resource in order to manage it better (Matsuura, et al., 1997). Polacheck (2006), in his article, assume ...
... considered to be in a very limited area between Australia and Indonesia (Shinguu, 1981; Nishikawa et al., 1985; Matsuura et al., 1997). It is very important to understand the variability of the resource in order to manage it better (Matsuura, et al., 1997). Polacheck (2006), in his article, assume ...
Potential and Recent Problems of the Possible Polymetallic Sources
... Crowson 2008; Kotlinski 2011; A. Piestrzyn'ski personal info October 2014). High industry usage of strategic metals is stated by gradual increase of the total industrial metal requirement rates: Zn (3.81), Co (3.42), Ni (2.19), Cu (1.86), Sb (1.72), Sn (1.45), Pb (1.32), Mn (1.14), Au (1.15) and les ...
... Crowson 2008; Kotlinski 2011; A. Piestrzyn'ski personal info October 2014). High industry usage of strategic metals is stated by gradual increase of the total industrial metal requirement rates: Zn (3.81), Co (3.42), Ni (2.19), Cu (1.86), Sb (1.72), Sn (1.45), Pb (1.32), Mn (1.14), Au (1.15) and les ...
How can subduction zones give rise to the following
... the coast, close to the trench? (Although difficult to prove it was there when it has gone!). Where sediment supply is a little higher, trench gets partly filled with sediment. Some of this sediment may get scraped off. But drilling in the Middle America Trench suggests that the abyssal ocean floor ...
... the coast, close to the trench? (Although difficult to prove it was there when it has gone!). Where sediment supply is a little higher, trench gets partly filled with sediment. Some of this sediment may get scraped off. But drilling in the Middle America Trench suggests that the abyssal ocean floor ...
A Paleoceanographic Reconstruction of the
... surface and deep water ocean conditions (Billups et al., 1998; Loutit et al., 1979; Zachos, 1993). Orbulina universa and Planulina wuellerstorfi (also classified under genus names Cibicides, Cibicidoides, and Fontbotia) are common planktonic and benthic genera, respectively, used in carbon and oxyge ...
... surface and deep water ocean conditions (Billups et al., 1998; Loutit et al., 1979; Zachos, 1993). Orbulina universa and Planulina wuellerstorfi (also classified under genus names Cibicides, Cibicidoides, and Fontbotia) are common planktonic and benthic genera, respectively, used in carbon and oxyge ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.