Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change
... the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthr ...
... the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthr ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans
... the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthr ...
... the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthr ...
Deep-sea genetic resources - Archimer
... have been organized on impact of scientific research on fragile ecosystems and ended in recommendations ("codes of conduct") to minimize the disturbance on marine organisms and habitats during scientific cruises. Threats to these biodiversity hotspots will probably increase in the upcoming decades c ...
... have been organized on impact of scientific research on fragile ecosystems and ended in recommendations ("codes of conduct") to minimize the disturbance on marine organisms and habitats during scientific cruises. Threats to these biodiversity hotspots will probably increase in the upcoming decades c ...
Nowlan WWF-Canada ocean noise regulation backgrounder for
... If a proponent cannot mitigate the significant adverse environmental effects from project-related activities that produce underwater ocean noise, the project may be denied approval, or postponed. An example of an EA in the Pacific that resulted in a project postponement is the Batholiths Project, wh ...
... If a proponent cannot mitigate the significant adverse environmental effects from project-related activities that produce underwater ocean noise, the project may be denied approval, or postponed. An example of an EA in the Pacific that resulted in a project postponement is the Batholiths Project, wh ...
1 The Catastrophic Plate Tectonics Model Six of the world`s top
... forming new rock which would become the new oceanic plates. These rocks reflect the magnetic field of the Earth at the time they cooled. They show this flip-flopping of the Earth’s magnetic field during this time in a zebra stripe pattern. Thing Three – The Rains Came Down and the Floods Came Up As ...
... forming new rock which would become the new oceanic plates. These rocks reflect the magnetic field of the Earth at the time they cooled. They show this flip-flopping of the Earth’s magnetic field during this time in a zebra stripe pattern. Thing Three – The Rains Came Down and the Floods Came Up As ...
Plate Tectonics Convergent Boundary
... Effects from an Oceanic collison Geographic Effects caused by Oceanic Collision: 1. When heavy oceanic plates plunge down, they can create deep off shore or ocean trenches. 2. When old crust melts, it can cause Convergent boundaries to form on-shore volcanoes. 3. When the two plates rub against eac ...
... Effects from an Oceanic collison Geographic Effects caused by Oceanic Collision: 1. When heavy oceanic plates plunge down, they can create deep off shore or ocean trenches. 2. When old crust melts, it can cause Convergent boundaries to form on-shore volcanoes. 3. When the two plates rub against eac ...
Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The
... revealed that horizontal advection is an equally important driver of marine ecosystem variability. Through a synthesis of studies from the four US GLOBEC regions (Gulf of Alaska, Northern California Current, Northwest Atlantic, and Southern Ocean), a new horizontal-advection bottom-up forcing paradi ...
... revealed that horizontal advection is an equally important driver of marine ecosystem variability. Through a synthesis of studies from the four US GLOBEC regions (Gulf of Alaska, Northern California Current, Northwest Atlantic, and Southern Ocean), a new horizontal-advection bottom-up forcing paradi ...
Anomalous winter winds decrease 2014 transition zone productivity
... wide variety of impacts on higher trophic levels. Modeling theorizes substantial displacements of fishes and top predators toward the poles over the next century as subtropical waters warm and become less productive [Cheung et al., 2009; Polovina et al., 2011; Hazen et al., 2013]. Also, the size of v ...
... wide variety of impacts on higher trophic levels. Modeling theorizes substantial displacements of fishes and top predators toward the poles over the next century as subtropical waters warm and become less productive [Cheung et al., 2009; Polovina et al., 2011; Hazen et al., 2013]. Also, the size of v ...
- World Ocean Observatory
... Early marine biologists had the thrill of discovering a huge variety of life forms in the oceans. They looked into how species can thrive in environments so different from those on land. Charles Darwin sailed as naturalist and geologist on the voyages of HMS Beagle between 1831 and 1836. He systemat ...
... Early marine biologists had the thrill of discovering a huge variety of life forms in the oceans. They looked into how species can thrive in environments so different from those on land. Charles Darwin sailed as naturalist and geologist on the voyages of HMS Beagle between 1831 and 1836. He systemat ...
discovery - CiteSeerX
... The Arctic Ocean is the smallest in comparison with other oceans of Earth, it is also differs the smallest depths and ...
... The Arctic Ocean is the smallest in comparison with other oceans of Earth, it is also differs the smallest depths and ...
Valuing South Africa`s ocean economy
... THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH AFRICA The following changes have been observed in South Africa (Scholes et al. 2015): ...
... THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH AFRICA The following changes have been observed in South Africa (Scholes et al. 2015): ...
the International Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
... “There is an underlying complexity of a system that operates globally but has to work in concert with a large number of countries that collect ocean data. This complexity requires organizations like the IOC, and partners such as the World Meteorological Organization, to help bring together the natio ...
... “There is an underlying complexity of a system that operates globally but has to work in concert with a large number of countries that collect ocean data. This complexity requires organizations like the IOC, and partners such as the World Meteorological Organization, to help bring together the natio ...
Zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Ocean mixed
... ozone in the polar stratosphere resulting from human activities2 . Climate models predict that increases in greenhouse-gas forcing will cause a similar strengthening of the westerlies3,4 . The influence of the SAM is manifest in many variables, including sea-level pressure, surface air temperature a ...
... ozone in the polar stratosphere resulting from human activities2 . Climate models predict that increases in greenhouse-gas forcing will cause a similar strengthening of the westerlies3,4 . The influence of the SAM is manifest in many variables, including sea-level pressure, surface air temperature a ...
1 Central Arctic Ocean paleoceanography from ~50 ka to present, 1
... including MIS 3-2 (~50 to 15 ka), the last deglacial interval (~15 to 11 ka), and the Holocene (~11 ka to present). We briefly discuss the paleoceanographic significance of each period in the following sections 4.3 - 4.5 based on the comparison cores presented in Figs 4 and 5. Relative frequencies o ...
... including MIS 3-2 (~50 to 15 ka), the last deglacial interval (~15 to 11 ka), and the Holocene (~11 ka to present). We briefly discuss the paleoceanographic significance of each period in the following sections 4.3 - 4.5 based on the comparison cores presented in Figs 4 and 5. Relative frequencies o ...
Dating marine shell in Oceania: Issues and - ANU Press
... because of variations in upwelling and ocean currents (Stuiver and Braziunas 1993). The South Pacific islands are encircled by the South Pacific Gyre, which is driven by the high latitude eastward-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the mid latitude westward-flowing South Equatorial Current (S ...
... because of variations in upwelling and ocean currents (Stuiver and Braziunas 1993). The South Pacific islands are encircled by the South Pacific Gyre, which is driven by the high latitude eastward-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the mid latitude westward-flowing South Equatorial Current (S ...
[1 pt] X.
... surface. The ocean and the atmosphere exchange gas with one another. CO2 increases in surface waters. CO2 dissolved in ocean surface waters forms H2CO3 (carbonic acid), which then dissociates to form H+ (hydrogen ion) and HCO3- (bicarbonate ion). The concentration of each of these ions is pH depende ...
... surface. The ocean and the atmosphere exchange gas with one another. CO2 increases in surface waters. CO2 dissolved in ocean surface waters forms H2CO3 (carbonic acid), which then dissociates to form H+ (hydrogen ion) and HCO3- (bicarbonate ion). The concentration of each of these ions is pH depende ...
Richard Thomas / Plymouth
... Pollution can have damaging effects on ecosystems and may reduce biodiversity. In recent years, scientists have become increasingly concerned with the impacts of plastic pollution on marine species and food webs. Plastic pollution takes a number of different forms: Large recognisable objects such ...
... Pollution can have damaging effects on ecosystems and may reduce biodiversity. In recent years, scientists have become increasingly concerned with the impacts of plastic pollution on marine species and food webs. Plastic pollution takes a number of different forms: Large recognisable objects such ...
Using genomics to understand megalopae abundance to predict
... from the abundance of returning megalopae and evaluate how inter-annual variation in ocean conditions impact megalopae abundance. One notable observation throughout these studies is how long the megalopae settlement season lasts. In many years, megalopae are captured from early spring through the en ...
... from the abundance of returning megalopae and evaluate how inter-annual variation in ocean conditions impact megalopae abundance. One notable observation throughout these studies is how long the megalopae settlement season lasts. In many years, megalopae are captured from early spring through the en ...
South East Australian Node Plan - Integrated Marine Observing
... ocean acidification will also impact marine biodiversity in particular by calcifying species such as reef building corals, commercially important shellfish and a range of phytoplankton and zooplankton at risk from declining pH. In addition, rising sea temperatures can also alter ocean currents, rais ...
... ocean acidification will also impact marine biodiversity in particular by calcifying species such as reef building corals, commercially important shellfish and a range of phytoplankton and zooplankton at risk from declining pH. In addition, rising sea temperatures can also alter ocean currents, rais ...
Shorefast New Ocean Ethic Booklet, 2016
... The citizen science project is only in its first year and the local participants have already acquired a substantial amount of data. This project’s overall goal is to create a long term, growing database of research on Fogo Island’s natural environment. In partnership with Memorial University’s Depa ...
... The citizen science project is only in its first year and the local participants have already acquired a substantial amount of data. This project’s overall goal is to create a long term, growing database of research on Fogo Island’s natural environment. In partnership with Memorial University’s Depa ...
Waves that appear from nowhere and disappear without a trace
... there are. The solution of any higher-order can be obtained using the same technique as for deriving the solution above, i.e. the Darboux transformations [28]. However, their explicit forms are far too complicated to be written on a single journal page. They are nothing other than nonlinear superpos ...
... there are. The solution of any higher-order can be obtained using the same technique as for deriving the solution above, i.e. the Darboux transformations [28]. However, their explicit forms are far too complicated to be written on a single journal page. They are nothing other than nonlinear superpos ...
Teacher Resources - Fish Eye Project
... Vent animals also have respiratory adaptations, such as different oxygen binding pigments to cope with low oxygen concentrations; oxygen concentrations around the snail habitats can be 35% of the surrounding ...
... Vent animals also have respiratory adaptations, such as different oxygen binding pigments to cope with low oxygen concentrations; oxygen concentrations around the snail habitats can be 35% of the surrounding ...
Oceanic nickel depletion and a methanogen famine before the Great
... element sequestration by HFO results from a continuum of adsorption and co-precipitation reactions, lumped-process distribution coefficient models can be used to relate the concentration of an element in the precipitate to the dissolved concentration present at the time of precipitation. In fact, th ...
... element sequestration by HFO results from a continuum of adsorption and co-precipitation reactions, lumped-process distribution coefficient models can be used to relate the concentration of an element in the precipitate to the dissolved concentration present at the time of precipitation. In fact, th ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 6 Subject to Final Copyedit 1
... Oceanic drivers include salinity, circulation, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nutrients, and light. These drivers shape the physiological performance of individual cells and organisms and ultimately determine ecosystem composition, spatial structure and functioning. [6.1.1, 6.3] The ...
... Oceanic drivers include salinity, circulation, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nutrients, and light. These drivers shape the physiological performance of individual cells and organisms and ultimately determine ecosystem composition, spatial structure and functioning. [6.1.1, 6.3] The ...
FREE Sample Here
... 3. What keeps the Appalachians standing as a mountain range even though they have been continuously eroding since they formed hundreds of millions of years ago? ANSWER: Isostacy. As material is eroded off the range, it floats higher, just as removing ice from the top of an iceberg causes it to float ...
... 3. What keeps the Appalachians standing as a mountain range even though they have been continuously eroding since they formed hundreds of millions of years ago? ANSWER: Isostacy. As material is eroded off the range, it floats higher, just as removing ice from the top of an iceberg causes it to float ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.