Problem Authors - PianetaChimica
... The acids which are stronger than pure sulfuric acid are called superacids. Superacids are very strong proton donors being capable of protonating even weak Lewis acids such as Xe, H2, Cl 2, Br2, and CO2. Cations, which never exist in other media, have been observed in superacid solutions. George Ola ...
... The acids which are stronger than pure sulfuric acid are called superacids. Superacids are very strong proton donors being capable of protonating even weak Lewis acids such as Xe, H2, Cl 2, Br2, and CO2. Cations, which never exist in other media, have been observed in superacid solutions. George Ola ...
General and Inorganic Chemistry – Laboratory Techniques
... Knowledge of students on Chemistry at the beginning of their graduate studies is rather different. Most of the students do not have proper laboratory expertise. This educational experience prompted the faculty of the institute to compile an educational material that can help students to make themsel ...
... Knowledge of students on Chemistry at the beginning of their graduate studies is rather different. Most of the students do not have proper laboratory expertise. This educational experience prompted the faculty of the institute to compile an educational material that can help students to make themsel ...
Appendix
... consist of atoms that tend to lose two electrons per atom, forming ions with a 2+ charge ...
... consist of atoms that tend to lose two electrons per atom, forming ions with a 2+ charge ...
Transition Metals
... The acidity of [M(H2O)6]3+ is greater than that of [M(H2O)6]2+ in terms of the greater polarising power (charge/size ratio) of the 3+ metal ion. The greater the polarising power, the more strongly it attracts the water molecule. This weakens the O-H bond so it breaks more easily Reaction with limite ...
... The acidity of [M(H2O)6]3+ is greater than that of [M(H2O)6]2+ in terms of the greater polarising power (charge/size ratio) of the 3+ metal ion. The greater the polarising power, the more strongly it attracts the water molecule. This weakens the O-H bond so it breaks more easily Reaction with limite ...
SYLLABUS 5070 Cambridge O Level Chemistry
... (e) deduce from the given melting point and boiling point the identities of substances and their purity (f) explain that the measurement of purity in substances used in everyday life, e.g. foodstuffs and drugs, is important 1.3 Identification of ions and gases (a) describe the use of aqueous sodium ...
... (e) deduce from the given melting point and boiling point the identities of substances and their purity (f) explain that the measurement of purity in substances used in everyday life, e.g. foodstuffs and drugs, is important 1.3 Identification of ions and gases (a) describe the use of aqueous sodium ...
ap 2005 chemistry_b scoring guidelines - AP Central
... AP Vertical Teams, Pre-AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board. Admitted Class Evaluation Service, CollegeEd, Connect to college success, MyRoad, SAT Professional Development, SAT Readiness Program, and Setting the Cornerstones are trademarks o ...
... AP Vertical Teams, Pre-AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board. Admitted Class Evaluation Service, CollegeEd, Connect to college success, MyRoad, SAT Professional Development, SAT Readiness Program, and Setting the Cornerstones are trademarks o ...
QualGroupB - Back To Home Page
... Background Chemistry and Discussion To separate the Group B cations from Groups C and D, ammonia solution is added to the supernatant left after precipitation and removal of the Group A cations. Addition of ammonia to this supernatant results in the formation of a buffer solution. The pH of the buff ...
... Background Chemistry and Discussion To separate the Group B cations from Groups C and D, ammonia solution is added to the supernatant left after precipitation and removal of the Group A cations. Addition of ammonia to this supernatant results in the formation of a buffer solution. The pH of the buff ...
Acid Base Equilibrium Diploma Questions
... ____ 51. In the study, equilibrium was attained after a. 4 min b. 5 min c. 11 min d. 12 min ____ 52. In the reaction represented by equation III, the yield of nitric acid coud be increased by a. replacing the mesh in the system with small platinum pellets b. decreasing the total pressure of the syst ...
... ____ 51. In the study, equilibrium was attained after a. 4 min b. 5 min c. 11 min d. 12 min ____ 52. In the reaction represented by equation III, the yield of nitric acid coud be increased by a. replacing the mesh in the system with small platinum pellets b. decreasing the total pressure of the syst ...
Unit 4 - Chemical Equilibrium
... add an inert gas so that the pressure remains constant - for pressure to remain constant the volume must ______________ ; this will __________ the partial pressure of the reactants and products ; stress is ____________ to relieve stress equ. shifts to the ______________ since there are ________ mole ...
... add an inert gas so that the pressure remains constant - for pressure to remain constant the volume must ______________ ; this will __________ the partial pressure of the reactants and products ; stress is ____________ to relieve stress equ. shifts to the ______________ since there are ________ mole ...
Modern inorganic chemistry
... used for reference purposes. In reaching what we hope is a reasonable compromise between these two extremes, we acknowledge that both the historical background and industrial processes have been treated very concisely. We must also say that we have not hesitated to simplify complicated reactions or ...
... used for reference purposes. In reaching what we hope is a reasonable compromise between these two extremes, we acknowledge that both the historical background and industrial processes have been treated very concisely. We must also say that we have not hesitated to simplify complicated reactions or ...
Solids Chemistry XII - The Gurukul Institute
... a) What is meant by the term ‘Crystalline of a solid’? b) Why is quartz regarded as a crystalline solid while glass an amorphous solid? ‘Stability of a crystal is reflected in the magnitude of its melting point’ justify the statement. Explain with the help of diagrams the structural differences bet ...
... a) What is meant by the term ‘Crystalline of a solid’? b) Why is quartz regarded as a crystalline solid while glass an amorphous solid? ‘Stability of a crystal is reflected in the magnitude of its melting point’ justify the statement. Explain with the help of diagrams the structural differences bet ...
GCE Chemistry SAMs 2009 onwards pdf
... Given that the standard enthalpy change of formation of liquid ethanol is –248kJmol-1 calculate the enthalpy change for the conversion of one mole of liquid ethanol to one mole of gaseous ethanol at 298 K. ...
... Given that the standard enthalpy change of formation of liquid ethanol is –248kJmol-1 calculate the enthalpy change for the conversion of one mole of liquid ethanol to one mole of gaseous ethanol at 298 K. ...
teaching and learning materials - UNESDOC
... more than 70 countries) it has always had a positive reception. In several countries, local initiatives have taken the idea further through pilot projects and on to wider national implementation. This programme of introducing the concept is continuing. This satisfying record is however not enough. N ...
... more than 70 countries) it has always had a positive reception. In several countries, local initiatives have taken the idea further through pilot projects and on to wider national implementation. This programme of introducing the concept is continuing. This satisfying record is however not enough. N ...
Section – B - About iTutoring
... The ions of III B, IV, IV A groups are not precipitated in presence of NH4Cl and NH4OH. (81). The ions of which group are precipitated in presence of HCl and H2S in qualitative analysis? The ions of II groups are precipitated in presence of HCl and H2S. (82). What is meant by ionic product Ip? The p ...
... The ions of III B, IV, IV A groups are not precipitated in presence of NH4Cl and NH4OH. (81). The ions of which group are precipitated in presence of HCl and H2S in qualitative analysis? The ions of II groups are precipitated in presence of HCl and H2S. (82). What is meant by ionic product Ip? The p ...
Reactions in Aqueous Solution
... the solvent3. An aqueous solution4 is a solution in which the solvent is water, whereas in a nonaqueous solution, the solvent is a substance other than water. Familiar examples of nonaqueous solvents are ethyl acetate, used in nail polish removers, and turpentine, used to clean paint brushes. In thi ...
... the solvent3. An aqueous solution4 is a solution in which the solvent is water, whereas in a nonaqueous solution, the solvent is a substance other than water. Familiar examples of nonaqueous solvents are ethyl acetate, used in nail polish removers, and turpentine, used to clean paint brushes. In thi ...
Chapter 4 "Reactions in Aqueous Solution"
... the solvent3. An aqueous solution4 is a solution in which the solvent is water, whereas in a nonaqueous solution, the solvent is a substance other than water. Familiar examples of nonaqueous solvents are ethyl acetate, used in nail polish removers, and turpentine, used to clean paint brushes. In thi ...
... the solvent3. An aqueous solution4 is a solution in which the solvent is water, whereas in a nonaqueous solution, the solvent is a substance other than water. Familiar examples of nonaqueous solvents are ethyl acetate, used in nail polish removers, and turpentine, used to clean paint brushes. In thi ...
sec chemistry may 2011 marking scheme
... A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms. • Carbon can catenate / form chains of C atoms • An atom of carbon can form stable (or strong) covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. Gases (or fuel gas) (Do not accept LPG) Petrol (or gasoline) / naphtha Any two from: • different sized molec ...
... A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms. • Carbon can catenate / form chains of C atoms • An atom of carbon can form stable (or strong) covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. Gases (or fuel gas) (Do not accept LPG) Petrol (or gasoline) / naphtha Any two from: • different sized molec ...
General and Inorganic Chemistry
... 4. IV Gas Laws ................................................................................................................................. 57 1. IV.1 The gas state ................................................................................................................ 57 1.1. IV.1.1 Th ...
... 4. IV Gas Laws ................................................................................................................................. 57 1. IV.1 The gas state ................................................................................................................ 57 1.1. IV.1.1 Th ...
LABORATORY MANUAL FOR CHEMISTRY 102
... Mixing Concentration of a reactant Temperature The presence of a catalyst Surface area in a heterogeneous reaction ...
... Mixing Concentration of a reactant Temperature The presence of a catalyst Surface area in a heterogeneous reaction ...
File - cpprashanths Chemistry
... sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid B and an alcohol C.Oxidation of C with chromic acid also produced B.On dehydration C gives but-1-ene.Write equations of reactions ...
... sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid B and an alcohol C.Oxidation of C with chromic acid also produced B.On dehydration C gives but-1-ene.Write equations of reactions ...
Development of Novel Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions using
... nucleophile promoting the aforementioned transmetallation, but also, though weak, as Brønsted bases. Moreover since all of the complexes are considered to exist in equilibrium, we anticipated that complexes 1 and 2 would function as acid-base catalysts. ...
... nucleophile promoting the aforementioned transmetallation, but also, though weak, as Brønsted bases. Moreover since all of the complexes are considered to exist in equilibrium, we anticipated that complexes 1 and 2 would function as acid-base catalysts. ...
Acid
An acid (from the Latin acidus/acēre meaning sour) is a chemical substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts. Aqueous solutions of acids have a pH of less than 7. Non-aqueous acids are usually formed when an anion (negative ion) reacts with one or more positively charged hydrogen cations. A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution. Chemicals or substances having the property of an acid are said to be acidic.There are three common definitions for acids: the Arrhenius definition, the Brønsted-Lowry definition, and the Lewis definition. The Arrhenius definition defines acids as substances which increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), or more accurately, hydronium ions (H3O+), when dissolved in water. The Brønsted-Lowry definition is an expansion: an acid is a substance which can act as a proton donor. By this definition, any compound which can easily be deprotonated can be considered an acid. Examples include alcohols and amines which contain O-H or N-H fragments. A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. Examples of Lewis acids include all metal cations, and electron-deficient molecules such as boron trifluoride and aluminium trichloride.Common examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (a solution of hydrogen chloride which is found in gastric acid in the stomach and activates digestive enzymes), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and tartaric acid (a solid used in baking). As these examples show, acids can be solutions or pure substances, and can be derived from solids, liquids, or gases. Strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive, but there are exceptions such as carboranes and boric acid.