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... Types of Chemical Reactions 1. Precipitation reactions: a solid ionic substance forms from the mixture of two solutions of ionic substances. 2. Acid–base reactions: reactions that involve the transfer of a proton (H+) between reactants 3. Oxidation–reduction reactions: reactions that involve the tr ...
... Types of Chemical Reactions 1. Precipitation reactions: a solid ionic substance forms from the mixture of two solutions of ionic substances. 2. Acid–base reactions: reactions that involve the transfer of a proton (H+) between reactants 3. Oxidation–reduction reactions: reactions that involve the tr ...
2011 Exam 2 Key
... the answer must be clear. The final answer must be reported to the correct number of significant figures and have the correct units. Questions are written on both sides of each page. The last page contains useful information and a periodic table; the last page should be removed and used for scratch ...
... the answer must be clear. The final answer must be reported to the correct number of significant figures and have the correct units. Questions are written on both sides of each page. The last page contains useful information and a periodic table; the last page should be removed and used for scratch ...
1. (a) Write the electronic structure of a manganese atom and a Mn
... The addition of excess aqueous silver nitrate to aqueous solutions of either of these two salts produces a precipitate of silver chloride, AgCl. Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq) → AgCl(s) Under these conditions all the chloride from the violet salt is precipitated but only two-thirds of the chloride from the green ...
... The addition of excess aqueous silver nitrate to aqueous solutions of either of these two salts produces a precipitate of silver chloride, AgCl. Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq) → AgCl(s) Under these conditions all the chloride from the violet salt is precipitated but only two-thirds of the chloride from the green ...
Ch 3 Chemical Reactions 2013-Sept-08
... Physical States are represented by: (s) = Solid, (g) = Gas, (l) = Liquid, (aq) = aqueous A Solid can sometimes be shown as ↓ and a gas as ↑ A substance dissolved in water is an Aqueous Solution (aq) Law of Conservation of Matter = matter can neither be created or destroyed. Atoms are conserved in Ch ...
... Physical States are represented by: (s) = Solid, (g) = Gas, (l) = Liquid, (aq) = aqueous A Solid can sometimes be shown as ↓ and a gas as ↑ A substance dissolved in water is an Aqueous Solution (aq) Law of Conservation of Matter = matter can neither be created or destroyed. Atoms are conserved in Ch ...
Solubility and Solubility Equilibrium
... (break apart) in solution and (2) which ions combine to form precipitates when you mix solutions. The other part of this is that if you are given the name of a compound, you have to know the associated chemical formula. This means that it is assumed that you've memorized most of the standard polyato ...
... (break apart) in solution and (2) which ions combine to form precipitates when you mix solutions. The other part of this is that if you are given the name of a compound, you have to know the associated chemical formula. This means that it is assumed that you've memorized most of the standard polyato ...
Acid Base Equilibria
... weak base (or both) is dissolved in water. Water ionizes into negative hydroxyl ions (OH−) and positive hydrogen ions (H+), which become hydrated to form positive hydronium ions (H3O+). The salt also breaks up into positive and negative ions. For example, when sodium acetate is dissolved in water i ...
... weak base (or both) is dissolved in water. Water ionizes into negative hydroxyl ions (OH−) and positive hydrogen ions (H+), which become hydrated to form positive hydronium ions (H3O+). The salt also breaks up into positive and negative ions. For example, when sodium acetate is dissolved in water i ...
Exam Review_Key_All Topics.082
... 8. Describe the concept of the mole and its importance to measurement in chemistry. Without the mole, amounts of reactants and products in chemical equations could not be predicted—unless all chemicals are gases at STP—since different compounds have different masses. Furthermore, since Avogadro’s n ...
... 8. Describe the concept of the mole and its importance to measurement in chemistry. Without the mole, amounts of reactants and products in chemical equations could not be predicted—unless all chemicals are gases at STP—since different compounds have different masses. Furthermore, since Avogadro’s n ...
Revised Higher 2014 Paper
... To extract the essential oil, steam is passed through shredded strawberry gum leaves. The steam and essential oil are then condensed and collected. (i) Complete the diagram to show an apparatus suitable for carrying out this extraction. ...
... To extract the essential oil, steam is passed through shredded strawberry gum leaves. The steam and essential oil are then condensed and collected. (i) Complete the diagram to show an apparatus suitable for carrying out this extraction. ...
153KB PDF - Clydeview Academy
... 4 If any of this information is wrong, tell the Invigilator immediately. 5 If this information is correct, print your name and seat number in the boxes provided. 6 The answer to each question is either A, B, C or D. Decide what your answer is, then, using your pencil, put a horizontal line in the sp ...
... 4 If any of this information is wrong, tell the Invigilator immediately. 5 If this information is correct, print your name and seat number in the boxes provided. 6 The answer to each question is either A, B, C or D. Decide what your answer is, then, using your pencil, put a horizontal line in the sp ...
Mathematical Operations
... Mathematical Operations Using Logarithms Because logarithms are exponents, mathematical operations involving logarithms follow the rules for the use of exponents. For example, the product of za and zb (where z is any number) is given by 2 a. 2 b = 2 (a+b) ...
... Mathematical Operations Using Logarithms Because logarithms are exponents, mathematical operations involving logarithms follow the rules for the use of exponents. For example, the product of za and zb (where z is any number) is given by 2 a. 2 b = 2 (a+b) ...
November 2016 (v3) QP - Paper 4 CIE Chemistry A-level
... (f) Iron(III) ions can oxidise vanadium metal. Construct an equation for the reaction of an excess of iron(III) ions with vanadium metal. Use of the Data Booklet will be helpful. ...
... (f) Iron(III) ions can oxidise vanadium metal. Construct an equation for the reaction of an excess of iron(III) ions with vanadium metal. Use of the Data Booklet will be helpful. ...
November 2016 (v1) QP - Paper 4 CIE Chemistry A-level
... (f) Iron(III) ions can oxidise vanadium metal. Construct an equation for the reaction of an excess of iron(III) ions with vanadium metal. Use of the Data Booklet will be helpful. ...
... (f) Iron(III) ions can oxidise vanadium metal. Construct an equation for the reaction of an excess of iron(III) ions with vanadium metal. Use of the Data Booklet will be helpful. ...
Liquid–liquid extraction
Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) consists in transferring one (or more) solute(s) contained in a feed solution to another immiscible liquid (solvent). The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract. The feed solution that is depleted in solute(s) is called raffinate.Liquid–liquid extraction also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. It is an extraction of a substance from one liquid into another liquid phase. Liquid–liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories, where it is performed using a variety of apparatus, from separatory funnels to countercurrent distribution equipment. This type of process is commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of the work-up.The term partitioning is commonly used to refer to the underlying chemical and physical processes involved in liquid–liquid extraction, but on another reading may be fully synonymous with it. The term solvent extraction can also refer to the separation of a substance from a mixture by preferentially dissolving that substance in a suitable solvent. In that case, a soluble compound is separated from an insoluble compound or a complex matrix.Solvent extraction is used in nuclear reprocessing, ore processing, the production of fine organic compounds, the processing of perfumes, the production of vegetable oils and biodiesel, and other industries.Liquid–liquid extraction is possible in non-aqueous systems: In a system consisting of a molten metal in contact with molten salts, metals can be extracted from one phase to the other. This is related to a mercury electrode where a metal can be reduced, the metal will often then dissolve in the mercury to form an amalgam that modifies its electrochemistry greatly. For example, it is possible for sodium cations to be reduced at a mercury cathode to form sodium amalgam, while at an inert electrode (such as platinum) the sodium cations are not reduced. Instead, water is reduced to hydrogen. A detergent or fine solid can be used to stabilize an emulsion, or third phase.