Equilibrium Notes - Chemistry Teaching Resources
... H + (aq) + OH – (aq) → H 2 O(l) As research continued throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the definitions had to be refined. For example, pure hydrogen chloride is a gas that contains no H + ions and ammonia has no OH – ions but can neutralise an acid. It was also discovered tha ...
... H + (aq) + OH – (aq) → H 2 O(l) As research continued throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the definitions had to be refined. For example, pure hydrogen chloride is a gas that contains no H + ions and ammonia has no OH – ions but can neutralise an acid. It was also discovered tha ...
Theoretical problems
... The acids which are stronger than pure sulfuric acid are called superacids. Superacids are very strong proton donors being capable of protonating even weak Lewis acids such as Xe, H2, Cl2, Br2, and CO2. Cations, which never exist in other media, have been observed in superacid solutions. George Olah ...
... The acids which are stronger than pure sulfuric acid are called superacids. Superacids are very strong proton donors being capable of protonating even weak Lewis acids such as Xe, H2, Cl2, Br2, and CO2. Cations, which never exist in other media, have been observed in superacid solutions. George Olah ...
Solids Chemistry XII - The Gurukul Institute
... SOLUTIONS 1 MARK QUESTIONS Give two examples of gaseous solution. When would dissolving of solute in a solvent leads to liberation of heat energy? How is it that NaCl is soluble in water but not in benzene? What is the weight percent of a solution? State the unit of it in which it is expressed. ...
... SOLUTIONS 1 MARK QUESTIONS Give two examples of gaseous solution. When would dissolving of solute in a solvent leads to liberation of heat energy? How is it that NaCl is soluble in water but not in benzene? What is the weight percent of a solution? State the unit of it in which it is expressed. ...
Synthesis of PbS Nanoclusters within Block Copolymer Nanoreactors
... and the H2S reaction can be repeated to produce larger PbS nanoclusters. Electron micrographs for PbS formation in films of (MTD)800(NORCOOH)30 are shown in Figure 1. The figure clearly demonstrates that the cluster size can be increased by multiple passes through the process. It can also be seen fr ...
... and the H2S reaction can be repeated to produce larger PbS nanoclusters. Electron micrographs for PbS formation in films of (MTD)800(NORCOOH)30 are shown in Figure 1. The figure clearly demonstrates that the cluster size can be increased by multiple passes through the process. It can also be seen fr ...
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
... Χsolvent = 0.97649 = mol H2O / (mol H2O + mol Na+ and Br-) mol H2O = 250 g / 18.016 g/mol = 13.877 mol H2O Χsolvent = 0.97649 = 13.877 mol H2O / (13.877 mol H2O + mol Na+ and Br-) (13.877 mol H2O + mol Na+ and Br-) = 14.211 mol Na+ and Br- = 0.334 But we have 2 moles of ions for every mol of NaBr; w ...
... Χsolvent = 0.97649 = mol H2O / (mol H2O + mol Na+ and Br-) mol H2O = 250 g / 18.016 g/mol = 13.877 mol H2O Χsolvent = 0.97649 = 13.877 mol H2O / (13.877 mol H2O + mol Na+ and Br-) (13.877 mol H2O + mol Na+ and Br-) = 14.211 mol Na+ and Br- = 0.334 But we have 2 moles of ions for every mol of NaBr; w ...
Prep UK-intro.p65
... The aim of the scientific committee has been that as many as possible of the preparatory problems should take their starting point in issues of general chemical, public or environmental interest. Therefore some of the problems cover several topics from the International Chemistry Olympiad. We have a ...
... The aim of the scientific committee has been that as many as possible of the preparatory problems should take their starting point in issues of general chemical, public or environmental interest. Therefore some of the problems cover several topics from the International Chemistry Olympiad. We have a ...
Chapter 19.1 Balancing Redox Equations
... c) The reaction at the higher temperature may or may not have a faster rate. d) The reaction at the higher temperature will have the same rate. ...
... c) The reaction at the higher temperature may or may not have a faster rate. d) The reaction at the higher temperature will have the same rate. ...
File
... 7. A mixture of ethyl propionate (an ester) and water is prepared in which the initial ester concentration is 6.0 M and the initial water concentration is 10.0 M. (You may assume that the initial concentration of each product is zero.) After equilibrium is established, the concentration of propionic ...
... 7. A mixture of ethyl propionate (an ester) and water is prepared in which the initial ester concentration is 6.0 M and the initial water concentration is 10.0 M. (You may assume that the initial concentration of each product is zero.) After equilibrium is established, the concentration of propionic ...
Organic and Bio-Molecular Chemistry
... linkages with different atoms. Therefore silicon and carbon, the two abundant tetravalent elements, are the most efficient scaffolds to build up tridimensional molecular structures. There is however an important difference between silicon and carbon: the energy of C-C linkage is around 80-90 kcal/mo ...
... linkages with different atoms. Therefore silicon and carbon, the two abundant tetravalent elements, are the most efficient scaffolds to build up tridimensional molecular structures. There is however an important difference between silicon and carbon: the energy of C-C linkage is around 80-90 kcal/mo ...
CLASSES AND NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
... Specify the factor which does not shift the 2 times: equilibrium to the right: A 8 times A increase the temperature of the system B 2 times B increase the concentration of H2S. C 4 times C decrease the concentration of SO2. D 16 times D increase of the pressure E 6 times E decrease of the temperatur ...
... Specify the factor which does not shift the 2 times: equilibrium to the right: A 8 times A increase the temperature of the system B 2 times B increase the concentration of H2S. C 4 times C decrease the concentration of SO2. D 16 times D increase of the pressure E 6 times E decrease of the temperatur ...
Alkaloids
... alcohol containing dilute acid. Alkaloids are extracted as their salts together with accompanying soluble impurities. Method III: The powder is extracted with water soluble organic solvents such as MeOH or EtOH which are good solvents for both salts and free bases. ...
... alcohol containing dilute acid. Alkaloids are extracted as their salts together with accompanying soluble impurities. Method III: The powder is extracted with water soluble organic solvents such as MeOH or EtOH which are good solvents for both salts and free bases. ...
Liquid–liquid extraction
Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) consists in transferring one (or more) solute(s) contained in a feed solution to another immiscible liquid (solvent). The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract. The feed solution that is depleted in solute(s) is called raffinate.Liquid–liquid extraction also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. It is an extraction of a substance from one liquid into another liquid phase. Liquid–liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories, where it is performed using a variety of apparatus, from separatory funnels to countercurrent distribution equipment. This type of process is commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of the work-up.The term partitioning is commonly used to refer to the underlying chemical and physical processes involved in liquid–liquid extraction, but on another reading may be fully synonymous with it. The term solvent extraction can also refer to the separation of a substance from a mixture by preferentially dissolving that substance in a suitable solvent. In that case, a soluble compound is separated from an insoluble compound or a complex matrix.Solvent extraction is used in nuclear reprocessing, ore processing, the production of fine organic compounds, the processing of perfumes, the production of vegetable oils and biodiesel, and other industries.Liquid–liquid extraction is possible in non-aqueous systems: In a system consisting of a molten metal in contact with molten salts, metals can be extracted from one phase to the other. This is related to a mercury electrode where a metal can be reduced, the metal will often then dissolve in the mercury to form an amalgam that modifies its electrochemistry greatly. For example, it is possible for sodium cations to be reduced at a mercury cathode to form sodium amalgam, while at an inert electrode (such as platinum) the sodium cations are not reduced. Instead, water is reduced to hydrogen. A detergent or fine solid can be used to stabilize an emulsion, or third phase.