CHAPTER 15 ACIDS AND BASES
... At pH 1.00 the concentration of hydrogen ion is 0.10 M (Why only two significant figures?) This will tend to suppress the ionization of the weak acid (LeChatelier's principle, Section 14.5). The extra hydrogen ion shifts the position of equilibrium in the direction of the un-ionized acid, and to two ...
... At pH 1.00 the concentration of hydrogen ion is 0.10 M (Why only two significant figures?) This will tend to suppress the ionization of the weak acid (LeChatelier's principle, Section 14.5). The extra hydrogen ion shifts the position of equilibrium in the direction of the un-ionized acid, and to two ...
04 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
... that does not change from the left side of the equation to the right. • The ions crossed out are called spectator ions, K+ and NO3−, in this example. • The remaining ions are the reactants that form the product—an insoluble salt in a precipitation reaction, as in this example. ...
... that does not change from the left side of the equation to the right. • The ions crossed out are called spectator ions, K+ and NO3−, in this example. • The remaining ions are the reactants that form the product—an insoluble salt in a precipitation reaction, as in this example. ...
N Goalby chemrevise.org 1 2.5 Transition Metals Substitution
... Addition of a high concentration of chloride ions (from conc HCl or saturated NaCl) to an aqueous ion leads to a ligand substitution reaction. The Cl- ligand is larger than the uncharged H2O and NH3 ligands so therefore ligand exchange can involve a change of co-ordination number. Be careful: If sol ...
... Addition of a high concentration of chloride ions (from conc HCl or saturated NaCl) to an aqueous ion leads to a ligand substitution reaction. The Cl- ligand is larger than the uncharged H2O and NH3 ligands so therefore ligand exchange can involve a change of co-ordination number. Be careful: If sol ...
Organic Reactions in Organised Media
... finding a suitable solvent that can dissolve both reactants is not always possible. Moreover, most aprotic polar solvents have high boiling temperatures (above 150°C) and significant toxicity and are therefore inadequate for scaled-up processes. A simple approach to the problem of reactant incompati ...
... finding a suitable solvent that can dissolve both reactants is not always possible. Moreover, most aprotic polar solvents have high boiling temperatures (above 150°C) and significant toxicity and are therefore inadequate for scaled-up processes. A simple approach to the problem of reactant incompati ...
What is a solution
... The other concentration units are less frequently used:Ideal Solution: A solution of two or more constituents is said to be ideal if it obeys Raoult’s law under all conditions of temperature and concentration. We are considering a solution composed of a volatile solvent and one or more involatile so ...
... The other concentration units are less frequently used:Ideal Solution: A solution of two or more constituents is said to be ideal if it obeys Raoult’s law under all conditions of temperature and concentration. We are considering a solution composed of a volatile solvent and one or more involatile so ...
Lecture notes
... Can behave as solvents dissolving a wide range of substances; also new industrial reaction medium. ...
... Can behave as solvents dissolving a wide range of substances; also new industrial reaction medium. ...
Fall 2012
... 47. (5 pts) Nitrogen and phosphorus are in the same group, so you would expect them to exhibit similar chemical properties. NCl3, PCl3, and PCl5 are all stable compounds that are easily synthesized in the lab. However, NCl5 has never been synthesized or observed. Why would phosphorus form two compou ...
... 47. (5 pts) Nitrogen and phosphorus are in the same group, so you would expect them to exhibit similar chemical properties. NCl3, PCl3, and PCl5 are all stable compounds that are easily synthesized in the lab. However, NCl5 has never been synthesized or observed. Why would phosphorus form two compou ...
Last Name Professor BEAMER First Name
... The “aq” in the reactants tells you that water is present. Therefore, you must determine the solubility of iron(III) chloride. ...
... The “aq” in the reactants tells you that water is present. Therefore, you must determine the solubility of iron(III) chloride. ...
Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
... • Aqueous reactions cannot take place without water. What do you already know about water that will help us understand aqueous reactions? Aqueous Reactions ...
... • Aqueous reactions cannot take place without water. What do you already know about water that will help us understand aqueous reactions? Aqueous Reactions ...
CfE HIGHER CHEMISTRY Chemistry in Society
... At the end of this reaction no reactants will remain but there will be 100% products. However, many important industrial reactants are reversible so we never achieve 100% products. Using balanced chemical equations along with data from industrial processes it is possible to determine how efficient a ...
... At the end of this reaction no reactants will remain but there will be 100% products. However, many important industrial reactants are reversible so we never achieve 100% products. Using balanced chemical equations along with data from industrial processes it is possible to determine how efficient a ...
Default Normal Template
... E.x: Calculate the number of carbon atoms and the number of hydrogen atoms in 600g of propane, C3 H8 C = 12 , H = 1. MW = ( 3 x 12 ) + ( 8 x 1 ) = 44 amu Number of moles of propane = 600 g x 1 mol = 13.63 mol ...
... E.x: Calculate the number of carbon atoms and the number of hydrogen atoms in 600g of propane, C3 H8 C = 12 , H = 1. MW = ( 3 x 12 ) + ( 8 x 1 ) = 44 amu Number of moles of propane = 600 g x 1 mol = 13.63 mol ...
Liquid–liquid extraction
Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) consists in transferring one (or more) solute(s) contained in a feed solution to another immiscible liquid (solvent). The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract. The feed solution that is depleted in solute(s) is called raffinate.Liquid–liquid extraction also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. It is an extraction of a substance from one liquid into another liquid phase. Liquid–liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories, where it is performed using a variety of apparatus, from separatory funnels to countercurrent distribution equipment. This type of process is commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of the work-up.The term partitioning is commonly used to refer to the underlying chemical and physical processes involved in liquid–liquid extraction, but on another reading may be fully synonymous with it. The term solvent extraction can also refer to the separation of a substance from a mixture by preferentially dissolving that substance in a suitable solvent. In that case, a soluble compound is separated from an insoluble compound or a complex matrix.Solvent extraction is used in nuclear reprocessing, ore processing, the production of fine organic compounds, the processing of perfumes, the production of vegetable oils and biodiesel, and other industries.Liquid–liquid extraction is possible in non-aqueous systems: In a system consisting of a molten metal in contact with molten salts, metals can be extracted from one phase to the other. This is related to a mercury electrode where a metal can be reduced, the metal will often then dissolve in the mercury to form an amalgam that modifies its electrochemistry greatly. For example, it is possible for sodium cations to be reduced at a mercury cathode to form sodium amalgam, while at an inert electrode (such as platinum) the sodium cations are not reduced. Instead, water is reduced to hydrogen. A detergent or fine solid can be used to stabilize an emulsion, or third phase.