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BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY

... called polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The proteins are separated by size, with the smaller proteins moving faster through the gel than the larger proteins. After staining, a pattern of bands appears that corresponds to the proteins in the cell. However, this technique can only resolve a ...
Module 7 - Protein Structure Prediction
Module 7 - Protein Structure Prediction

... the approaches, known as TMHMM, although there are others such as TopPred2, MEMSAT, DASand PHDhtm, which you might have a look at. The large majority of trans-membrane  helices consist of an unusually long stretch of hydrophobic amino acid residues and it is this feature that many programs employ t ...
Translation
Translation

... Serine – Histidine - Glycine ...
Supplemental Materials
Supplemental Materials

... were synthesized using the Dock-and-Method as described previously [4]. The respective IgG-AD2 modules were mixed with excess DDD2-T20 and held at room temperature overnight in the presence of 2 mM reduced glutathione and 1 mM EDTA. Oxidized glutathione was added to 4 mM and the solution was again h ...
Exam questions used in the past
Exam questions used in the past

... This page contains a randomly selected series of exam questions that we have used in the past in real exams, and that you should be able to answer by now. Exam questions used in the past: 1. A colleague has sequenced a novel gene. He comes to you and asks for help. What do you do first and why? ...
Gene Section BAD (BCL2-antagonist of cell death) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section BAD (BCL2-antagonist of cell death) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... at Serine 136 (in murine BAD), PKA at Ser 155, PIM1 and PIM2 at Ser 112 (Ser 75, 99, and 118 in human BAD correspond to Ser 112, 136, and 155 in murine BAD respectively). Phosphorylated BAD interacts with 14-3-3 scaffold proteins in the cytoplasm (14-3-3 is a protein which can interact with a hundre ...
Preparation of cell lysates For immunoblotting, 5 x 105
Preparation of cell lysates For immunoblotting, 5 x 105

... Cell lysates and cardiac homogenates prepared as described above were incubated with 30 µg of GSTFKBP12.0 or GST-FKBP12.6 immobilized on glutathione-sepharose for 5 hr at 4ºC. Human FKBP12-pGEX-3X or FKBP12.6-pGEX-3X constructs (generously provided by Dr. Wayne Chen, Department of Physiology and Bio ...
Protein Quality Control Mechanisms and Protein
Protein Quality Control Mechanisms and Protein

... cotyledons, heat shock blocks traffic of the vacuolar lectin phytohemagglutinin and causes uniform dilatation of ER cisternae (Chrispeels and Greenwood, 1987). These results imply that specific features of the aggregating proteins are required for the formation of discrete protein body-like accretio ...
Ms Gentry`s Proteins powerpoint File
Ms Gentry`s Proteins powerpoint File

... -This makes the protein water soluble  Fibrous proteins from fibres. -Most have regular repetitive sequences of amino acids and are usually insoluble -Collagen fibres consist of 3 alpha helix coils, coiled around each other to form a superhelix! ...
Signal Transduction
Signal Transduction

...  All the cells of their different organs communicating effectively with their surroundings.  Once a cell picks up a hormonal or sensory signal, it must transmit this information from the surface to the interior parts of the cell— Example, to the nucleus.  This occurs via signal transduction pathw ...
Detection and characterization of gamete‐specific molecules in
Detection and characterization of gamete‐specific molecules in

... Molecular Reproduction & Development 76:4–10 (2009) ...
Teaching old NCATs new tricks: using non
Teaching old NCATs new tricks: using non

... SILAC labeling has allowed for the quantitative analysis of proteomic changes [3], however proteins newly synthesized and labeled at low levels may be missed when a complex proteome is analyzed via MS. An enrichment step subsequent to labeling, but before identification would therefore be highly ben ...
Human cerebrospinal fluid contains exosomes that represent a
Human cerebrospinal fluid contains exosomes that represent a

... One of the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, such as spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD), is the accumulation of abnormal proteins within brain tissue (prions in TSEs and b-amyloid in AD). Studies in cell culture have demonstrated these proteins are r ...
Translation Initiation in E
Translation Initiation in E

... The start codon in E. coli is AUG 91% of the time. Eight percent of CDSs use GUG and 1% UUG. Rarely AUA, ACG and CUG used. [Some abundant proteins (e.g., ribsomal proteins) use GUG as a start codon, and thus the argument that AUG is the strongest start codon does not seem to be true.] ...
Power Point presentation
Power Point presentation

... The next step in this research would be to transform the reconstructed chaperone plasmid into the mutant strains. ...
The Maize Abscisic Acid-Responsive Protein Rabl7 1s Located in
The Maize Abscisic Acid-Responsive Protein Rabl7 1s Located in

... In an earlier study, we showed that the Rabl7 protein is the most heavily phosphorylated protein in the mature maize embryo (Goday et al., 1988). The predicted protein sequence of Rabl7 contains a cluster of eight serine residues followed by a consensus site for casein kinase II (CKII). Previously, ...
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)

... is one of the most nutritious food and easy to digest. It is rich in calcium and protein and also has good amount of iron and other minerals. The low cost of ragi makes it a highly affordable source of high-class nutrition. Hence ragi was chosen as an ingredient to explore its use by fermenting in c ...
Protein Mobility within Minireview the Nucleus
Protein Mobility within Minireview the Nucleus

... into and out of chromatin? Of the five major histones, H1 was of course known from the very early days as the most readily dissociable from chromatin as a function of ionic strength. But this simply means that more of the free energy of H1 binding is electrostatic, and it is not necessarily the case ...
Overview of Microarray Types
Overview of Microarray Types

... Figure 2. a) Demonstrates protein arrays which are based on microarray analysis of antigen-antibody interactions. Antigens are spotted onto glass slides. Antibodies which are tagged bind to antigens and emit fluorescent signal (shown as the yellow star) which can then be detected from the spot on th ...
Lecture 6 and 7
Lecture 6 and 7

... Internal standard to make sure that abundance is normalised and variation Is due to biological variation rather than gel-to-gel variation Oct 2011 SDMBT ...
The Proteomics Big Challenge for Biomarkers and New Drug
The Proteomics Big Challenge for Biomarkers and New Drug

... 2. Applying Functional Proteomics to Biomarkers and Drug-Targets Discovery The metabolism of a cell or of an entire organism is generally regulated by proteins, which act individually and, more frequently, in pathways. In particular, the function of a protein can be defined on the basis of its inter ...
The tmRNA website
The tmRNA website

... and PatScan (R.Overbeek), identifying tmRNA sequences in 13 more species since last year, bringing representation to three more phyla. Sequences in the website can be viewed or downloaded individually or altogether in a provisional alignment. Predicted proteolysis tags are presented, but note that o ...
Click for format template in MS Word  file
Click for format template in MS Word file

... WNV proteome, aimed at identifying and characterizing evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequences for vaccine design. Results: This study used 2,746 WNV protein sequences collected from the NCBI GenPept database, and focused on analyzing peptides of length 9 amino acids or more, immunologically re ...
[] Protein Splicing i) inteins and ext...,
[] Protein Splicing i) inteins and ext...,

... TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
File - prepareforchemistry
File - prepareforchemistry

... body. They must be taken through food. For example: valine and leucine Non-essential amino acids are also required by the human body, but they can be synthesised in the body. For example: glycine, and alanine ...
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Protein mass spectrometry



Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an important emerging method for the characterization of proteins. The two primary methods for ionization of whole proteins are electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). In keeping with the performance and mass range of available mass spectrometers, two approaches are used for characterizing proteins. In the first, intact proteins are ionized by either of the two techniques described above, and then introduced to a mass analyzer. This approach is referred to as ""top-down"" strategy of protein analysis. In the second, proteins are enzymatically digested into smaller peptides using a protease such as trypsin. Subsequently these peptides are introduced into the mass spectrometer and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting or tandem mass spectrometry. Hence, this latter approach (also called ""bottom-up"" proteomics) uses identification at the peptide level to infer the existence of proteins.Whole protein mass analysis is primarily conducted using either time-of-flight (TOF) MS, or Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR). These two types of instrument are preferable here because of their wide mass range, and in the case of FT-ICR, its high mass accuracy. Mass analysis of proteolytic peptides is a much more popular method of protein characterization, as cheaper instrument designs can be used for characterization. Additionally, sample preparation is easier once whole proteins have been digested into smaller peptide fragments. The most widely used instrument for peptide mass analysis are the MALDI time-of-flight instruments as they permit the acquisition of peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs) at high pace (1 PMF can be analyzed in approx. 10 sec). Multiple stage quadrupole-time-of-flight and the quadrupole ion trap also find use in this application.
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