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PDF Full Publication in PDF Format
PDF Full Publication in PDF Format

... autonomous energy efficiency improvements, and decarbonization of energy use (autonomous carbon efficiency improvements), as well as by emissions of carbon dioxide from land use change, methane emissions, and nitrous oxide emissions. The scenarios of economic and population growth are perturbed by t ...
editorial: protected areas as natural solutions to climate change
editorial: protected areas as natural solutions to climate change

... areas, protected areas are some of the few remaining, or even the only remaining, natural habitats to supply these needs. Protected areas are also important in building the resilience of biomes that underpin global climate stability and support livelihoods in a climate change context, such as the Am ...
Introduction Growth, Punctuation, and Human Well-Being
Introduction Growth, Punctuation, and Human Well-Being

... with the idea that natural forces in some way circumscribe human agency. Fearful of being labeled “environmental determinists,” we opt for a model of change in which all of the significant causal agents in historical processes are internal – or endogenous – to human culture, society, and economy. Gi ...
i3461e01
i3461e01

... overview of results and exploring mitigation potential and options is also available.1 ...
Cambodia - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
Cambodia - Climate Change Knowledge Portal

... the government as one of the main drivers of poverty. During the 20-year period from 1987 to 2007, a succession of droughts and floods resulted in significant loss of life and considerable economic loss.15 Floods - The southwest monsoons begin in mid-May and last through the end of October, bringing ...
Three Ways to Understand State Actors in International Negotiations
Three Ways to Understand State Actors in International Negotiations

... Theorizing about international negotiations has been dominated by statecentered approaches.7 However, over the last three decades new lines of inquiry have emerged, as a growing number of scholars relaxed the assumption of the state as a unitary actor as they seek to account for domestic politics. O ...
Douglas Wilcox, Research and Program Development Division, Manitoba Agricultural Services
Douglas Wilcox, Research and Program Development Division, Manitoba Agricultural Services

... Manitoba farmers know that vagaries of climate are the norm and the historical record documents many crop loss years resulting from extreme weather events. Management plays a part but annual weather variations, both within the growing season and in terms of extremes, are the main cause of crop yield ...
Fossil Fuel Employment and Public Opinion about Climate Change
Fossil Fuel Employment and Public Opinion about Climate Change

... Public  understanding  and  acceptance  of  climate  science  is  important  because  substantial  mitigation action cannot be sustained in democracies without broad public support. At the  same  time,  there  is  considerable  variation  in  the  degree  to  which  people  accept  the  principal fi ...
Nitrogen and phosphorous limitations significantly reduce future
Nitrogen and phosphorous limitations significantly reduce future

... models (IAMs) are used to generate time-evolving atmospheric CO2 concentrations, or representative concentration pathways (RCPs) that are consistent with different climate scenarios [Meinshausen et al., 2011; Riahi et al., 2011; Van Vuuren et al., 2011]. These RCPs are used to drive Earth System Mod ...
Attribution - hvonstorch.de
Attribution - hvonstorch.de

... • Detection of the presence of non-natural signals: rejection of null hypothesis that recent trends are drawn from the distribution of trends given by the historical record. Statistical proof. • Different definition: „Detection is the process of demonstrating than an observed change is significantly ...
Links between native forest and climate in Australia
Links between native forest and climate in Australia

... There is very high confidence that the global average net impact of anthropogenic activities since the 1750s has contributed to an average radiative forcing of +0.6 to +2.4 Wm−2 (IPCC, 2007). This effect has contributed to a rise in mean global surface temperatures of approximately 0.74 ± 0.18 degC ...
Uncertainties of Climate Change in Arid Environments of Central Asia
Uncertainties of Climate Change in Arid Environments of Central Asia

... carbon from the desert-zone carbon reservoir. Great uncertainties still exist about carbon pools in the desert soils. Figures on soil organic carbon given for this region in some widely used global datasets (Zinke et al., 1984) seem to be seriously overestimated (Adams and Lioubimtseva, 2002) and, a ...
AIR POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE
AIR POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE

... between GHG emissions and air pollutant are sizeable for the commitments discussed for a post-2012 climate agreement. For instance, the set of high pledges for post-2012 GHG mitigation targets in Annex I countries that have been put forward as of June 2009 would imply SO2 emissions declining by almo ...
SWAN_workshop_fullppt_081111
SWAN_workshop_fullppt_081111

... evidence that our planet is warming How this warming will affect climate systems around the globe is an enormously complex question Uncertainty and variability are inevitable Climate change presents significant risks to natural and cultural resources Understanding how to address uncertainty is an im ...
Why the Ireland Strategic Investment Fund should be
Why the Ireland Strategic Investment Fund should be

... long-term project to study and develop CCS technology. There are also significant doubts as to whether CCS will ever be affordable or environmentally safe. The logic of investing limited financial resources in CCS rather than renewables is also highly questionable given that even if CCS were develop ...
Freeman Dyson, Debunked
Freeman Dyson, Debunked

... can simulate droughts as well as the resulting change in plant cover due to the drought, which may lead to more or less drought. They can even include the impact of human decision-making. ESMs never perfectly simulate the processes they include, but they are useful tools for extrapolating what we kn ...
The impacts of climate change on nuclear power stations sites
The impacts of climate change on nuclear power stations sites

... This review looks at the impacts that this phenomenon will have on the coastal environment around a selection of power station sites, over the lifetime of both existing and proposed nuclear reactors, and examines the risks to which they would be exposed by rising tide levels, coastal erosion and sto ...
GlobalCarbonBudget
GlobalCarbonBudget

... Corinne Le Quéré Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of East Anglia, UK Róisín Moriarty Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of East Anglia, UK Robbie Andrew Center for International Climate & Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO), Norway Glen Peters Center for Internationa ...
Ecology3e Ch25 Lecture KEY
Ecology3e Ch25 Lecture KEY

... There is also a trend of increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as hurricanes and heat waves. ...
CARE brief on the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction
CARE brief on the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction

... roles in disaster risk reduction, and needs in response. Therefore, meaningful inclusion and involvement of women is identified as critical to effectively managing disaster risk. For humanitarian assistance (including preparedness, response, rehabilitation and recovery) to meet the needs of all vuln ...
A simple formula predicts the social costs of carbon with remarkable precision
A simple formula predicts the social costs of carbon with remarkable precision

... right-skewedness to the SCC distribution. The joint interaction of all uncertainties leads to a distribution where the mean is twice as large as the median. Progress in climate science will improve the precision of estimates for climate sensitivity and damages over time, but very slowly. Discounting ...
Our Changing Climate - UW Atmospheric Sciences
Our Changing Climate - UW Atmospheric Sciences

... variations in the energy output of the sun. Observations taken over the last few decades indicate that output is about 0.1% greater when the number of dark spots on the sun is at its maximum—roughly every 11 years—than when it is at a minimum. This change in energy output is too small to cause impor ...
Climate Change and the Biosphere Option
Climate Change and the Biosphere Option

... an important step in regulating GHG emissions, it should not be viewed as an end in itself. There are still many unresolved issues and more than a few international disagreements regarding its implementation. ...
Download - 553kb
Download - 553kb

... to access carbon markets (e.g. projects under the Clean Development Mechanism or REDD+) will need to monitor forest carbon. In particular, such forest managers will have monitoring–verification–reporting obligations to demonstrate the additional carbon benefits of their management. They will also ne ...
Adapting portfolios to climate change
Adapting portfolios to climate change

... incentives are needed to meet emissions-reduction targets. These present large investment risks and opportunities. Most countries have signed the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to less than two degrees Celsius (2°C) above pre-industrial levels — the threshold where many scientists see irrev ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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