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Applying the VFM framework to business case design and appraisal
Applying the VFM framework to business case design and appraisal

... climate smart agriculture and water management. These options are often well suited to costbenefit analysis (although this can be more challenging where non-market sectors such as health are involved). These investments may often generate immediate economic returns by improving productivity and effi ...
Effects of Climate Change on Lakes
Effects of Climate Change on Lakes

... wide-ranging ecological and societal implications. The increasing accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as a result of human activities has begun to affect the structure, functioning, and stability of lake ecosystems throughout the world, and much greater impacts are likely in the futur ...
Collected Climate Quotes
Collected Climate Quotes

... Global warming is a matter of national security. Will we live in a world where we must fight our neighbors for fresh water and food? Or will we take the lead now and leave to our children and grandchildren a world better off than the one we inherited from our parents? – General Wesley Clark Globally ...
Climate Change and Health
Climate Change and Health

... The governments of Australia, New Zealand and other Pacific nations have signed the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, which commits signatory states to reducing greenhouse gas emissions “as soon as possible”. It aims to hold global average temperatures to well below 2ºC above pre-industrial levels ...
Deep uncertainty in long-term hurricane risk: Scenario generation and implications for future climate experiments
Deep uncertainty in long-term hurricane risk: Scenario generation and implications for future climate experiments

... those used by the Dynamical Model scenarios there is evidence that they provide adequate predictions of basin-scale tropical cyclone frequency and intensity over the near- and long-term (Emanuel, 2005; Hoyos et al., 2006). They also have the advantage of being directly driven by large-scale climate ...
Effects on Indigenous Peoples
Effects on Indigenous Peoples

... nature has naturally led to creation of protection mechanisms of these peoples´ cultures and their natural habitat. In the North, traditional nature use is linked with reindeer herding as well as other forms of breeding aboriginal types of domesticated animals, fishing, fresh-waters and maritime fis ...
How much disease could climate change cause?
How much disease could climate change cause?

... Given the clear evidence that many health outcomes are highly sensitive to climate variations, it is inevitable that long-term climate change will have some effect on global population health. Climate change is likely to affect not only health but also many aspects of ecological and social systems, ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Australia
Adapting to Climate Change in Australia

... Many scientists now believe that the climate system appears to be changing faster than earlier thought likely, and the risks associated with the upper range of the IPCC projections on climate change need to seriously be considered.13 The Australian Government recognises that a global deal on emissi ...
IGCC-AIGCC Response to TCFD Public Consultation
IGCC-AIGCC Response to TCFD Public Consultation

... possible,!data!provided!needs!to!be!reliable,!comparable,!and!based!on!relevant!and!metrics! across!sectors.! ...
Phillip_Staddon___Winter_Mortality
Phillip_Staddon___Winter_Mortality

... Asking the question at a different time scale (i.e. season or year, rather than day) is fundamentally interesting, therefore research in temperature-health outcomes needs to move beyond time-series analysis and develop and test metrics for "long-term cold weather" and for "long-term health outcomes" ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... low income households • Health impacts – heatwaves, the changed distribution of water-borne diseases, food-borne diseases, exposure to solar radiation (skin cancer) and respiratory diseases • Housing and public spaces –access to public open space for sport and recreation, protection of houses from e ...
7th EU Framework Programme challenges and opportunities
7th EU Framework Programme challenges and opportunities

... FP7 activities – Theme “Environment” (including Climate Change) Activity “Environmental Technologies”  Area “Environmental technologies for the sustainable management of the natural and man-made environment” – 6 sub-areas including conservation and enhancement of cultural heritage 1. Water priorit ...
Impacts of climate variability and future climate change on harmful
Impacts of climate variability and future climate change on harmful

... (blue green algae) from the genera Anabaena, Microcystis, and Aphanizomenon (cyanobacterial poisoning) [16]. In both marine and freshwater systems, for humans and other animals, exposure to HA toxins results from eating ...
Climate change in the Sahel
Climate change in the Sahel

... climate change caused by global warming, which is itself due to the increase in the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Thus, climate change has become one of the major challenges for the entire planet to take up, with its multiple facets, including impact assessments, and mitigation and ...
nota di lavoro - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
nota di lavoro - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei

... environmental target, and it may still take several years to get the major developing countries to commit to absolute emission targets. Therefore, it is not unrealistic to assume that an initial near-term climate policy up to 2030 or 2050, for instance, is revised only once or a couple of times. In ...
Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2
Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2

... 3C), so large-scale transition to using land for biomass production could deplete nutrients, but this will depend on the vegetation / land use that is replaced. Additional nutrient requirements (i.e. fertilization) are difficult to estimate on a net basis, since fertilizer may also be used (more or ...
Analysis and Use of Information and Communication Tools in the
Analysis and Use of Information and Communication Tools in the

... such as the estimation of direct and indirect impacts on different economic sectors, spatial aggregation of the impacts on different regions, temporal aggregation of costs and benefits, uncertainty in selecting the optimal pathway in economic scenarios (Tol and Fankhauser, 1998). The socio-economic ...
Read the Backgrounder on why Fossil Fuel
Read the Backgrounder on why Fossil Fuel

... Similar concerns for risks posed by climate change to the global economy have been expressed by the European Systematic Risk Board, the EU watchdog charged with identifying potential risks to the European economy. Their report "Too late, too sudden: Transition to a low-carbon economy and systematic ...
PDF
PDF

... production, potentially more access to information and policy-making processes, as well as regional market power when faced with climate change. A mild increase in temperature is beneficial only when the markets for farm products are well-developed (Fleischer et al. 2008), either regional or interna ...
Climate Change as a Risk Multiplier in a World of
Climate Change as a Risk Multiplier in a World of

... the flow of cooling water. A warming of the waters, long periods of drought or floods affect power  generation in developed countries such as Germany, leading to critical situations when cooling  water is no longer available or water in power plants is below the critical level (Beisheim 2013: 24).  ...
The Cost of Climate Change: What We`ll Pay if
The Cost of Climate Change: What We`ll Pay if

... Continuing on the business-as-usual path will make global warming not just an environmental crisis, but an economic one as well. That’s why we must act immediately to reduce global warming emissions 80 percent by 2050 and take ourselves off the business-as-usual path. NRDC recommends the following f ...
Projection of Climatic Change over Japan Due to Global Warming
Projection of Climatic Change over Japan Due to Global Warming

... Surface air temperature is projected to increase more than 2°C around Japan in January. The temperature increase will be large at high latitudes, and the maximum increase will exceed 4°C around the Okhotsk Sea. A distinct annual change will be seen in the temperature increase in the future. The temp ...
Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health
Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health

... • Methane and nitrous oxide (which are both potent greenhouse gases and closely associated with livestock production) contribute much more to this sector’s warming effect than does carbon dioxide • Halting the increase of greenhouse-gas emissions from agriculture, especially livestock production, sho ...
IS THERE A HOLE IN THE OZONE LAYER OF YOUR CLIMATE
IS THERE A HOLE IN THE OZONE LAYER OF YOUR CLIMATE

... I have an insider’s knowledge. changes, whose social and Since social science started biophysical implications institutions such as the analysing how climate change became a significant IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) problem for human societies (and, therefore, an have warned us ab ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
- The University of Liverpool Repository

... do so and who wanted to apply for funding in this respect should adopt a mitigation target, ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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