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Political Economy of Climate Change Policy
Political Economy of Climate Change Policy

... affected by anthropogenic climate change unless worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases are cut dramatically in the next 40 years (IPCC, 2007). Although climate change has moved to the top of the global political agenda over the past two decades, national mitigation polic ...
Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth
Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth

... the overwhelming majority of empirical CKC studies use domestic production-based CO2 emissions data to test the Kuznets hypothesis—and hence overlook the emissions embodied in international trade and in global commodity chains. Based on IPCC (2007) guidelines, GHG emissions are counted as the nation ...
eastern US - American Meteorological Society
eastern US - American Meteorological Society

... relationships, nonlinear relationships with precipitation were most commonly included at sites in the Southwest (SW) and West North Central (WNC) regions. Nonlinear relationships with temperature were most common in the NW region. There was no obvious commonality, however, among sites and/or species ...
Evidence for carbon dioxide and moisture interactions from the leaf
Evidence for carbon dioxide and moisture interactions from the leaf

... “CO2–water synergy”. Synergy indicates a result which is contributed solely by the joint action of two or more factors. In addition, particularly these CO2–water synergies may emerge at different spatial scales. GCMs rely on a relatively coarse grid-interval of the order of 100-km, which necessitate ...
Chapter 9: The economic costs of conservation response options for
Chapter 9: The economic costs of conservation response options for

... vegetation, and the difficulty of access to many parts mean that ecological monitoring costs are high. Lowland vegetation types such as the lowland fynbos and renosterveld have only moderate fire control and ecological monitoring costs, but are still highly susceptible to invasives, which is typical ...
Likewise, any variation in weather or climatic conditions adversely
Likewise, any variation in weather or climatic conditions adversely

... ecosystems are the consequences of climate variability at a macro level Under this sub-theme, we need to understand and observe the changes in weather parameters as well as the changes in biotic and abiotic parameters around us. This will enable us to study the effect of weather/climate on ecosystem ...
II. Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation
II. Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation

... sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally LULUCF activities, including reduced deforestation and degradation can, in concert with stringent reductions in fossil fuel emissions of greenhouse gases, limit climate change. Given that forests contain almost half of all terrestrial carbon, prelimi ...
FFESCsynthesisJune7 - Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural
FFESCsynthesisJune7 - Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural

... 2. Global Overview of Climate Change Adaptation Science and Management The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessment of climate change. It builds the scientific foundation, sets international standards, and defines a common vocabulary for clima ...
Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to
Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to

... increases in northern Europe and decreases over parts of southern and eastern Europe. In many countries and in recent years there is a tendency towards cereal grain yield stagnation and increased yield variability. Some of these trends may have been influenced by the recent climatic changes over Eur ...
Lebanon Country Report February - March 2013
Lebanon Country Report February - March 2013

... The ENPI CLIMA-South is implemented in a dynamic region, with rapidly changing social and political environments. At the same time, climate change is at a critical stage of the international negotiations in which new developments may be expected. Flexibility is therefore of the utmost importance and ...
Climate Change, Federalism, and the Constitution
Climate Change, Federalism, and the Constitution

... Federal climate change legislation seems increasingly likely, but at least some states are likely to continue pursuing independent climate change measures. Congress has the final word on the question of whether states can legislate on matters within Congress’s legislative authority. Often, however, ...
CHAPTER 3: Climate for Change? Civil Society and the Politics of Global Warming
CHAPTER 3: Climate for Change? Civil Society and the Politics of Global Warming

... Overall, three kinds of anti-environmentalist civil society can be identified. First, established think tanks and policy institutes have adopted stances against climate change environmentalism. Mostly, these are free-market think tanks such as the US-based Cato Institute and Heartland.org, which con ...
Weathering the Storm: the impact of climate change
Weathering the Storm: the impact of climate change

... “Preparing for extreme weather and further climate change is about managing risks and increasing our resilience to them – it is therefore as much about the economy, quality of life and social equality, as about the environment. Early action today will not only manage current and future risks, but sa ...
Future changes in climate, ocean circulation, ecosystems, and
Future changes in climate, ocean circulation, ecosystems, and

... required by Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Instead anthropogenic carbon emissions have been increasing faster than ever during the last years [Marland et al., 2006] (see also http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10507-carbon-emissions-rising-faster-than-ever ...
small family farmers : at the heart of climate justice
small family farmers : at the heart of climate justice

... of CO2 –equivalent (GtCO2eq). All greenhouse gases do not have the same global warming potential (GWP), but for the purposes of facilitating the calculation of GHG emissions, CO2 is used as a standard and its GWP is “ 1, ” so for instance, methane and nitrous oxide have a GWP 25 and 298 times greate ...
Chapter 4 The Ocean`s Role in the Hydrological Cycle
Chapter 4 The Ocean`s Role in the Hydrological Cycle

... The spatial distributions of these freshwater fluxes drive important patterns in regional and global ocean circulation, which are discussed in Chapter 5. The Southern Ocean (defined as all ocean area south of 60°S) deserves special mention due to its role in the storage of heat (and carbon) for the ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)

... other green-house gases to rise significantly. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), increases in greenhouse gas emissions have been associated with an increase in the mean global temperature of 0.3°C-0.6°C since the late 19th century; by the end of the 21st century, acc ...
December 3, 2015 Via online complaint form Commissioner of
December 3, 2015 Via online complaint form Commissioner of

... continued climate change increases the likelihood of severe, pervasive, and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems.10 ...
Multimodel projections and uncertainties of irrigation water demand
Multimodel projections and uncertainties of irrigation water demand

... assess the resulting uncertainties arising from both the GHMs and climate projections. The resulting ensemble projections generally show an increasing trend in future IWD, but the increase varies substantially depending on the degree of global warming and associated regional precipitation changes. U ...
Call for proposals - Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural
Call for proposals - Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural

... policies and practices that help agriculture become more resilient and productive under changing climate while also contributing to reducing emissions where possible. Proposals may be prepared on any of the following areas: a. Practices and technologies for adapting to climate change that have been ...
2010 - Policy Considerations for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
2010 - Policy Considerations for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from

... estimates suggest that global GHG emissions would increase by 3-4% if reservoir emissions were accounted for (St. Louis et al., 2000), while other estimates offer more modest figures in the range of 0.5% of total global emissions (Varis et al., in press). In the case of methane emissions, which appe ...
S1 File.
S1 File.

... time horizon. Overall this resulted in a net increase of 40% of habitat area relative to the 1961-1990 modeled distribution (16). However, the deciduous trees that wood thrushes select for nesting are unlikely to move northward as quickly. The northern range limit lies on the boreal shield, where ne ...
Climate Change in Zambia
Climate Change in Zambia

... The appraisal of the country’s bio-carbon capacity revealed that an Integrated Land-Use Assessment survey has been undertaken and forest cover and other land-uses have been estimated. Forest cover is estimated at 50 million hectares (66%) of Zambia’s land area; cultivated land is estimated at 7.5 mi ...
A Call to Truth, Prudence, and Protection of the Poor 2014: The
A Call to Truth, Prudence, and Protection of the Poor 2014: The

... On June 2, 2014, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a new rule requiring a 30% reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from existing power plants by 2030. Compliance is estimated to cost about $50 billion per year, the loss of about $1,200 per year in income for the ...
pdf
pdf

... their knowledge, opinions and beliefs on the drivers that will shape the future of the ecosystem. The group chose climate change (specifically precipitation changes) and population growth as the major uncertainties (drivers) for designing their narratives about future ecological, social, economic ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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