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gap analysis on adaptation to climate change in central asia
gap analysis on adaptation to climate change in central asia

... states have programs and legislation for environmental protection in place. However, multilevel gaps still remain, and implementation is not guaranteed. The five republics are developing and emerging countries, whose demand for resources like energy and water are growing. The countries’ strategic de ...
Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities
Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities

... Adaptation1 – Adjustment in natural or human systems to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunity in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects. Various types of adaptation can be distinguished, including anticipatory, autonomous, and planned adaptation: • Anticipatory a ...
Societal Adaptation to Abrupt Climate Change and Monsoon
Societal Adaptation to Abrupt Climate Change and Monsoon

... known. However, there remains no doubt that Earth's climate system has changed abruptly several times in the past. While the causes of abrupt climate changes in the past were natural, it is plausible that anthropogenic forcing of climate system—which, contrary to popular perception, actually began d ...
Socio-Economic Implications of Climate Change for Bangladesh
Socio-Economic Implications of Climate Change for Bangladesh

... Limited opportunities mean many migrants relocate not only in areas at risk from climate extremes (droughtprone western districts, cyclone-prone coasts, and active floodplains), but also from adverse social and environmental conditions. In general, migrants are particularly susceptible to environmen ...
Working 9 to 5 on Climate Change: An Office Guide
Working 9 to 5 on Climate Change: An Office Guide

... fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum).2 Greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere for decades or centuries3 (depending on the type of gas), and their potential impacts may escalate over time. Even if we start reducing global emissions today, atmospheric CO2 concentrations (the most prevalent GHG) ...
Resource guide on gender and climate change
Resource guide on gender and climate change

... drawing done recently by aboriginal women attest to the changes that corals and fish have faced. Depending on social categories such as gender, age, economic level and ethnic groups, climate change has, and will have, different effects. If attention is not paid to its causes and effects, climate cha ...
Land Ecosystems and Hydrology
Land Ecosystems and Hydrology

... (BATS) model of the Dickinson Interdisciplinary Science Earth Observing System (EOS) science objectives conInvestigation (IDS) team and the Simple Biosphere (SiB) cerning climate change, hydrologic cycle change, and model of the Sellers IDS team. These and other LSP modchanges in terrestrial product ...
Queensland`s biodiversity under climate change:
Queensland`s biodiversity under climate change:

... CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be mad ...
An Integrated Assessment of Changes in the Thermohaline Circulation
An Integrated Assessment of Changes in the Thermohaline Circulation

... runoff from North America is missing, as is the potentially increasing precipitation over the northern Atlantic ocean. Thus the observed trends, if they are the result of the global warming that has occurred over the historical period, make it conceivable that the much larger warming expected in fut ...
Working Paper 12C
Working Paper 12C

... CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be mad ...
EuTRACE - IASS Potsdam
EuTRACE - IASS Potsdam

... ecosystems, along with possibilities for mitigation and adaptation, have been documented in the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this context, various researchers, policy makers, and other stakeholders have also begun to consider “climate engineering” (a ...
Topic paper 1: Climate change
Topic paper 1: Climate change

... the climate system, primarily through reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Code for Sustainable Homes: This is the national standard in England for the sustainable design and construction of new homes. Each new home is given a star rating of between one and six to communicate its overall sustainabilit ...
The Climate-Environment-Society Nexus in the
The Climate-Environment-Society Nexus in the

... episodes, some of which appear to have been associated with transient changes in climate at the global or hemispheric scale. The most important such events were episodes of cooling in the North Atlantic, recurring on millennial timescales. Bond et al.25 identify a number of such Atlantic cooling eve ...
The Precautionary Principle: Relevance in International Law
The Precautionary Principle: Relevance in International Law

... regulatory policies. In a nutshell, it means that if there is threat or risk of serious or irreversible damage to human health or the environment, precautionary actions must be taken even though there is lack of full certainty surrounding the issue. This paper looks at the concept of precaution in t ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE  LIMITED
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED

... Notes and explanations of symbols: The following symbols have been used in this study: A full stop (.) is used to indicate decimals n.a. is used to indicate that data are not available The use of a hyphen (-) between years, for example, 2010-2019, signifies an annual average for the calendar years ...
Climate Change and Aspen
Climate Change and Aspen

... communities as the canary in the coal mine for global warming. Aspen’s goal: to aggressively reduce its contribution to global warming, and to engage other communities to send a clear message on the importance of this issue. Data for the past 50 years collected at Aspen’s weather station, and compil ...
Project Document Programme on Integrated Adaptation Strategies
Project Document Programme on Integrated Adaptation Strategies

... planning, management and efficient use of water resources will not only contribute towards meeting the immediate demand for reliable freshwater but on the long term also ensure the sustainable use of the limited water resources in a context of increasing climate risks. An improved, more resilient, s ...
Quantifying the cost of climate change impacts on local
Quantifying the cost of climate change impacts on local

... Evans, A – Bureau of Meteorology Climate Division South Australia Acknowledgement This work was carried out with financial support from the Australian Government (Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency) and the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility. The role of NCCARF is t ...
Inland Flooding in Atlantic Canada
Inland Flooding in Atlantic Canada

... The occurrence of floods is influenced by natural factors (weather, terrain, vegetation, soils) and some human activities. Inland flooding includes open-water floods from regional moderate-intensity rainfall and snowmelt, local floods from inadequate storm-water drainage or high water tables, flash ...
Synthesis of Climate Change Knowledge and Planning Practices
Synthesis of Climate Change Knowledge and Planning Practices

... highly significant habitats. For example, the climate change threat to biodiversity has been especially well documented for the Wet Tropics rainforests (Hilbert et al., 2001; Kanowski, 2001; Williams et al., 2003; Hilbert et al., 2004; Williams et al., 2008). However, other climate related informati ...
League of Conservation Voters 2013
League of Conservation Voters 2013

... power plants. We successfully defeated relentless attacks on clean air, clean water, and public health from an environmentally-hostile U.S. House of Representatives and made denying climate science an increasingly toxic position for politicians. Our grassroots work in the states is booming. Since 20 ...
climate mitigation in the least carbon emitting countries
climate mitigation in the least carbon emitting countries

... Development has entered a time where it cannot be thought of without reference to climate change. While historically development in the industrialized countries has to a great extent been driven by a fossil fuel based economy, this option is no longer seen as viable for developing countries, which a ...
Central Mekong Delta Region Connectivity Project
Central Mekong Delta Region Connectivity Project

... Climate  change  is  a  maturing  science.  Efforts  over  the  last  two  decades  have  built  understanding  and  confidence of how climate is changing and more importantly the science behind it. We now have evidence that  temperatures  are  becoming  hotter  and  more  variable,  rainfall  in  t ...
PDF free file avaible - Bioversity International
PDF free file avaible - Bioversity International

... these processes may affect a cultivated species like maize, in which the tracking of environmental conditions depends on human decisions and which, from a population genetics perspective, shows a meta-population structure (21) remains to be studied. Already however, there is evidence of greater loca ...
Climate Change and Water Quality in the Great Lakes Basin
Climate Change and Water Quality in the Great Lakes Basin

... Will climate change impair beneficial uses that have already been restored? There is, however, a lack of specific research about the impacts of climate change on several beneficial uses. Therefore, impacts were assessed indirectly from associated literature. The Uncertainty of Climate Change and Imp ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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