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Climate Futures for Tasmania: impacts on agriculture
Climate Futures for Tasmania: impacts on agriculture

... The Climate Futures for Tasmania research project is Tasmania’s most important source of climate change data at a local scale. In a first for Australia, and possibly the Southern Hemisphere, Climate Futures for Tasmania has generated local climate information at a scale and level of detail not previ ...
The anatomy of a climatic oscillation: vegetation change in eastern
The anatomy of a climatic oscillation: vegetation change in eastern

... by today’s standards, are available through the NOAA World Data Center for Paleoclimatology and can serve as an illustrative example. They show that close to the North Atlantic, the colder-than-previous sea-surface temperatures likely had a direct cooling effect on both summer and winter temperature ...
TowARD ReSiLienCe
TowARD ReSiLienCe

... since the Industrial Revolution—such as the burning of fossil fuelsG and landuse changeG (for example, deforestationG)—resulting in a significant increase in greenhouse gasesG such as carbon dioxide.4 While greenhouse gases are a natural part of the Earth’s atmosphere and serve to maintain temperatu ...
Deconstructing the BRICS: Bargaining Coalition
Deconstructing the BRICS: Bargaining Coalition

... observers believe that well-choreographed encounters, handpicked initiatives, or lofty plans signify that diverse and potentially antagonistic states are either willing or able to translate their combined economic prowess into collective geopolitical clout. In international negotiations, BRICS deleg ...
recent study
recent study

... coalition of island States (Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Palau, the Philippines, Samoa, and Solomon Islands), India, the E.U., the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, and the 54 members of the Africa Group. A fast phase down of HFCs under the Montreal Protocol by 2020 ...
Distributions and climate effects of atmospheric aerosols from the
Distributions and climate effects of atmospheric aerosols from the

... atmospheric stabilisation (Koch and Del Genio, 2010; Takemura and Uchida, 2011). These aerosol effects cause changes in atmospheric general circulation through modifications to the radiation budget, cloud distribution, and hydrological cycle. It is therefore essential to elucidate the time evolution ...
NC 4 - unfccc
NC 4 - unfccc

... Climate change is a serious global challenge that will require sustained action by all greenhouse gas emitting nations over many generations. Australia is certainly vulnerable to its impacts, both economically and environmentally, and is taking comprehensive action to reduce its greenhouse gas emiss ...
Climate Change Adaptation Manual
Climate Change Adaptation Manual

... ■■ Warmer springs in recent decades have caused a trend towards many biological events (eg flowering, budburst, laying and hatching of eggs) occurring earlier in the year. The rates of change vary among species, which may alter the interactions between species. ■■ There is evidence of changes in the ...
Buying Time: a user`s manual for building resistance and
Buying Time: a user`s manual for building resistance and

... climate is changing and ecosystems are being affected by these changes. Much as awareness has been raised about invasive species, environmental contaminants, altered hydrology, and habitat fragmentation, conservation practitioners must now address climate change. This manual aims to assist natural r ...
Sceptical Climate Part 2: Climate Science in Australian Newspapers
Sceptical Climate Part 2: Climate Science in Australian Newspapers

... the conclusions of climate scientists were not being effectively communicated to the public. (‘Carbon tax is a first step in climate fight’, SMH, February 28, 2011). On September 26, 2011, Australia’s new Chief Scientist Professor Ian Chubb called for an end to attacks on the credibility of science ...
Climate Change Adaptation Manual
Climate Change Adaptation Manual

... ■■ Warmer springs in recent decades have caused a trend towards many biological events (eg flowering, budburst, laying and hatching of eggs) occurring earlier in the year. The rates of change vary among species, which may alter the interactions between species. ■■ There is evidence of changes in the ...
The making of a riskier future: How our decisions are
The making of a riskier future: How our decisions are

... are dynamic, and change over time under natural and human influences (figure ES.1). But most risk assessments do not account for these changes, so they provide a static view of risk. As a result, risk management policy decisions based on such assessments do not take into account the continuous and s ...
Discursive Constructions of Climate Change Engagement
Discursive Constructions of Climate Change Engagement

... Climate change is one of the most pressing sustainability issues of the modern era affecting individuals, organisations and societies. Climate change poses physical threats to our survival and challenges the way we view ourselves and the economic and political systems. Today, business organisations ...
14 Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change
14 Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change

... pattern of change in the future with reduced warming and decreased precipitation in the east, and increased warming and increased precipitation in the west, directly influencing East Africa and Southeast Asia precipitation. {14.3, 14.8.7, 14.8.12} A newly identified robust feature in model simulatio ...
[pdf]
[pdf]

... pattern of change in the future with reduced warming and decreased precipitation in the east, and increased warming and increased precipitation in the west, directly influencing East Africa and Southeast Asia precipitation. {14.3, 14.8.7, 14.8.12} A newly identified robust feature in model simulatio ...
Climate Change Effects and Adaptation Approaches in Marine and
Climate Change Effects and Adaptation Approaches in Marine and

... Landscape Conservation Cooperative (NPLCC). The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service funded this report to help inform members of the newly established NPLCC as they assess priorities and begin operations. Production of this report was guided by University of Washington‘s Climate Impacts Group and informati ...
Synergy of rising nitrogen depositions and atmospheric CO2 on land
Synergy of rising nitrogen depositions and atmospheric CO2 on land

... 2001] suggest net global carbon uptake of 2.4 PgC/yr in 1990s due to the CO2 fertilization effect alone. This study assumes that productivity of land ecosystems is not limited by nitrogen availability. Nitrogen is however reported to be a primary limiting nutrient throughout terrestrial ecosystems o ...
adaptation and the mortality effects of temperature across us climate
adaptation and the mortality effects of temperature across us climate

... data on all elderly Medicare beneficiaries from 1992 – 2011, we show that the mortality effect of hot days is much larger in cool ZIP codes than in warm ones and that the opposite is true for cold days. We attribute this heterogeneity to historical climate adaptation. As one adaptive mechanism, air ...
Climate change in Strategic Environmental Assessment
Climate change in Strategic Environmental Assessment

... was found to be limited. Interviews with various Dutch SEA professionals, involved with composing Environmental Statements, are used to determine the actual factors that shape the extent of climate change coverage in those ESs. It was found that two key areas are especially involved herein: politics ...
Saltwater Intrusion and Climate Change
Saltwater Intrusion and Climate Change

... An AQUIFER is a layer of rock beneath the surface that is able to hold useable amounts of water that can be pumped out by wells. The pores and cracks in the rock allow the water to be stored – and also to flow – making it possible for water to be pumped to the surface. CLIMATE CHANGE refers to the g ...
Preparing for a Changing Climate in Northern Ireland
Preparing for a Changing Climate in Northern Ireland

... while winters may be 25% wetter (Hulme et al., 2002). Furthermore, relative sea level may begin to rise. Although there are ongoing efforts to mitigate climate change, principally by reducing emissions, at least some climate change is now inevitable. Adaptation to climate change – reducing risks and ...
Strong influence of 2000-2050 climate change on particulate matter
Strong influence of 2000-2050 climate change on particulate matter

... and magnitude of the response of a particular variable to climate change. For example, Tai et al. (2012b) first analyzed 19992010 observations using principal component analysis of eight different meteorological variables, and found the interannual variability of PM2.5 is strongly correlated with th ...
Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation in Europe
Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation in Europe

... It is widely supposed that the so-called enhanced greenhouse effect may not only lead to a change in climate in the sense of ‘average’ weather conditions, but also to an increase in climate variability. For example, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its 4th assessment report, ...
International Conference on Climate and Environment Change
International Conference on Climate and Environment Change

... river supports a population of about 215 million people, whose livelihoods are directly or indirectly dependent on it. This leads to a very high population density in the basin and an approximate water availability of 1,329 m3 per head. In total the Indus River Basin is estimated to have a total hyd ...
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, building
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, building

... trend for greenhouse gas emissions in 1,000 tonnes of Co2 equivalent (1991–2011) Comparison of maximum allowable heat transfer coefficients Employment and gross value creation in the trade, commerce and services sector by segment Share of permanent grassland in land used for agriculture 2010–2012 De ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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