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Climate Finance Study Group
Climate Finance Study Group

... action on both mitigation and adaptation is required: significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions need to be complemented with actions to prepare for the impacts of a changing climate. Given the multi-decadal timescales required to transform our economies and infrastructures to meet this chal ...
Climate Change Impacts On Rainfed Corn Production In
Climate Change Impacts On Rainfed Corn Production In

... Figure 1. Malawi’s agricultural value-added and total GDP (Billion USD), 1970-2008 ............... 2 Figure 2. Corn production and price in Malawi from 1980-2012 .................................................. 4 Figure 3. Major emission scenarios .................................................. ...
as PDF - Natural Hazards Center
as PDF - Natural Hazards Center

... the potential risks that indigenous peoples face in sharing traditional knowledge and be aware of ethical protocols required to ensure the protection of traditional knowledge (Climate Change Working Group, 2013). Since traditional knowledge is increasingly recognized, federal agencies and national ...
A Climate Risk Report - Blue Mountains City Council
A Climate Risk Report - Blue Mountains City Council

... Mountains City Council. While the information contained is drawn from reputable sources in the public domain, Climate Risk P/L cannot take responsibility for errors or inaccuracies within original source material. This report does not consider individual investment requirements or the particular nee ...
Climate change and evolution: disentangling environmental and
Climate change and evolution: disentangling environmental and

... changes in avian breeding time in response to climate change are due to phenotypic plasticity as suggested by the evidence reviewed above, we can gain some insights on the potential importance of phenotypic plasticity by expressing the observed advances in breeding time in terms of haldanes (h), i.e ...
View/Open
View/Open

... environmental policy. The relationship between climate change and economics is two-way. While climate change has repercussions on economic activity, economic activity also plays a role in climate change. The realization that human activity is contributing to climate change has inspired abundant rese ...
element 8 | energy and climate change
element 8 | energy and climate change

... trapping solar radiation. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. Modern human activity, most notably the burning of fossil fuels for transportation and electricity generation, introduces large amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere. Reductions in the planet’s fores ...
Future Climate Projections around Turkey by Global Climate Models
Future Climate Projections around Turkey by Global Climate Models

... As a large-scale feature, future precipitation in this region will decrease throughout the year. It is noted that future precipitation will significantly decrease over the Mediterranean and the surrounding region including Middle East in winter. A positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation-like pa ...
PDF
PDF

... community. It is also possible that, in the future, government officials will become legally bound to make wise adaptive measures. The main issue decision makers‘ face is the absence of proper guidance to understand the effects of various uncertain parameters in analysing extreme events and assessin ...
Second National Communication of Brazil to the United Nations
Second National Communication of Brazil to the United Nations

... carbon dioxide equivalent units using the GWP for a period of 100 years was not adopted by Brazil, which reported its emissions just in units of mass for the individual greenhouse gases, as presented in its Initial National Inventory. In Brazil’s view, the GWP does not adequately represent the relat ...
Climate Sensitivity, Sea Level, and Atmospheric
Climate Sensitivity, Sea Level, and Atmospheric

... climate forcing is being imposed rapidly, with most of the current forcing having been added in just the past several decades. Thus observed climate changes are only a partial response to the current climate forcing, with further response still "in-the-pipeline" (Hansen et al., 1984). Climate models ...
Climate Action Team Report to Governor Schwarzenegger and the California Legislature December 2010
Climate Action Team Report to Governor Schwarzenegger and the California Legislature December 2010

... As the United States and international leaders work to agree on the proper policy responses to climate change, California has assembled a comprehensive strategy to address the risks climate change poses to the state’s people and resources. California’s approaches are motivated by state-specific scie ...
What Are Climate Forcings?
What Are Climate Forcings?

... sufficient portion of an ice sheet can spark a cataclysm. Ice sheet and ocean inertia provides only moderate delay to ice sheet disintegration and a burst of added global warming. Recent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions place the Earth perilously close to dramatic climate change that could run out of ...
Climate Change Scenarios + cov.
Climate Change Scenarios + cov.

... To anticipate future climate change, we need to project how greenhouse gases will change in the future. A range of emission scenarios has been developed in the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios that reflect a number of different ways in which the world might develop (“storylines”) and the c ...
SpecieS and climate change
SpecieS and climate change

... 25˚N and 25˚S. The Atlantic group is by far the smaller of the two, being composed of only two extant species and a common hybrid, found along the Caribbean coasts of Central and South America, south-western Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamian archipelago. The Indo-Pacific group is distributed across th ...
The Costs and Benefits of Reducing Risk from Natural Hazards to
The Costs and Benefits of Reducing Risk from Natural Hazards to

... Retrospective analyses show large benefits from disaster risk reduction (DRR) in many developed and developing country contexts. Examining investments in 4,000 disaster risk reduction programs, including retrofitting buildings against seismic risk and structural flood defence measures, the U.S. Fede ...
The Vulnerability of Biodiversity to Rapid Climate Change
The Vulnerability of Biodiversity to Rapid Climate Change

... Over recent decades, conservation biologists and land stewards have become increasingly aware of the need to incorporate rapid changes in climate as a threat to biological diversity (‘biodiversity’) in planning and management (Comer et al. 2012; Game et al. 2010; Glick et al. 2011; Hannah et al. 200 ...
unilateral climate regulation - Harvard Environmental Law Review
unilateral climate regulation - Harvard Environmental Law Review

... Many of today’s pressing environmental problems are global “public bads” that no one country can solve. Climate change is the prime example.2 Characteristic activities of human civilization in every country — heat, electricity, transportation, and farming — emit greenhouse gases that warm the whole ...
Climate Change and Adaptation in Muskoka
Climate Change and Adaptation in Muskoka

... 5. Encourage active acquisition of land that fits landscape conservation targets. 6. Continue to advocate provincially, nationally, and internationally to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and support local adaptation strategies. 7. Exploration of new technologies: a. Periodic assessments of the risk ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF   LIMITED
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF   LIMITED

... In this study, an attempt is made to assess the economic impact of climate change on Aruba. This study has three main objectives. The first is to examine the factors that influence the demand and supply of tourism in Aruba. The second is to forecast the cost of climate change to the tourism sector u ...
Climate impact on airborne particulate matter concentrations in
Climate impact on airborne particulate matter concentrations in

... averaged over each 60-min simulation period for every simulated day. A total of nine periods were simulated for each year that each consisted of 17-days followed by 25-days that were not simulated. The first simulation day of each year was set to be 1 January. This approach captures an unbiased samp ...
Landscaping climate change: a mapping technique for
Landscaping climate change: a mapping technique for

... concerning the status of web publication as well as participatory action on these new media “channels.” In the examples, above, the unregulated nature of the channels enables the otherwise under-acknowledged to acquire wider recognition and make a greater impact. As such they break with the conventi ...
Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook MODULE 1: Why Climate-smart agriculture, forestry and fisheries
Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook MODULE 1: Why Climate-smart agriculture, forestry and fisheries

... driver of deforestation, which roughly accounts for an additional 17 percent of global GHG emissions (IPCC, 2007b). This is why agriculture is included in the study on the drivers of deforestation, which was requested by the UNFCCC’s 17th Conference of the Parties (COP 17) in Cancun to the Subsidiar ...
English
English

... Climate  extremes  –  increased  frequency  and  severity  of  extreme  weather  events,  such  as  drought,  flooding,  heat  and  cold  waves,  and  intense  storms  –  are  a  particularly  troubling  aspect of greater climate variability. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate  Chan ...
SUMA K4035 – Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Measuring and
SUMA K4035 – Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Measuring and

... Global greenhouse gas emissions are now at a record high, and the world’s scientific community agrees that continued unabated release of greenhouse gases will have catastrophic consequences. Many efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions, both public and private, have been underway for decades, yet i ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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