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Programme Booklet
Programme Booklet

... These lectures will review various aspects of climate. We begin with a description of various examples of past climate with descriptions of the likely physical causes. These will include the cycles of major glaciation of the past 2 million years, the Eocene warm period, and the temperate climate of ...
Threats, Monitoring, and Policy to Present and Future Climate Change... Algonquin Park (Ontario, Canada) to the Adirondack Park (New York,
Threats, Monitoring, and Policy to Present and Future Climate Change... Algonquin Park (Ontario, Canada) to the Adirondack Park (New York,

... climate have made it a challenge for parks and protected areas to respond to the potential negative impacts to ecological integrity. The predicted rate of climate change is forecasted to be faster than the rate of deglacial warming and a fragmented landscape between large protected areas further con ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CARBON GEOGRAPHY:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CARBON GEOGRAPHY:

... Faced with ongoing world population growth and per-capita income growth, the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could double over the next 50 years.1 Scientists are calling for a sharp reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. “Very roughly, stabilization at 500 ppm requires that emissions be held ...
Carbon Geography: The Political Economy of Congressional
Carbon Geography: The Political Economy of Congressional

... Faced with ongoing world population growth and per-capita income growth, the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could double over the next 50 years.1 Scientists are calling for a sharp reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. “Very roughly, stabilization at 500 ppm requires that emissions be held ...
Detectability of Anthropogenic Changes in Annual Temperature and
Detectability of Anthropogenic Changes in Annual Temperature and

... therefore more comparable with model data. However, reanalysis data are generally considered not to be reliable enough for the study of long-term trends (e.g., Chelliah and Ropelewski 2000). Datasets that blend satellite and surface data are becoming available for averages of a few days, such as pen ...
Assessing the impact of climate change on ecosystem services in
Assessing the impact of climate change on ecosystem services in

... key stressors have been modeled: temperature and rainfall. Climate Change Scenarios and Risk Assessments Future scenarios of climate change will be based on the SIMCLIM model. To conduct realistic and meaningful scenarios, it will be necessary to specify rainfall and temperature characteristics that ...
An investor enquiry: how much big oil spends on obstructive climate
An investor enquiry: how much big oil spends on obstructive climate

... of evidence on an organization's influencing activities that were used in stage two, we perform a second round of categorizations to score the degree of climate policy obstruction. The number of evidence pieces demonstrating negative policy engagement is then expressed as a proportion of the total a ...
Rising Temperatures, Rising Tensions
Rising Temperatures, Rising Tensions

... discussed. Public and political attention tends to focus, understandably, on the many immediate dangers that trouble the region. This is beginning to change with the growing realization among regional analysts that climate change may present a real threat to security. The Levant already struggles wi ...
A Carbon Management Plan for Nottinghamshire County Council
A Carbon Management Plan for Nottinghamshire County Council

... progress on the steps taken to reduce them. As a signal of the Government commitment to change environmentally sustainable behaviour, they have set themselves two new targets. Firstly to make the Government office estate carbon neutral by 2012 and secondly to reduce Government’s total emissions by 3 ...
ccaf.gc.ca
ccaf.gc.ca

... Since our 1998 audit there have been three additional Conferences of the Parties to the FCCC. In November 2000, the first part of the Sixth Conference of the Parties (CoP 6) was held in The Hague, Netherlands. Decisions on some key issues of the Protocol, such as an international emissions trading s ...
Combat vs. Climate - Institute for Policy Studies
Combat vs. Climate - Institute for Policy Studies

... World War II.”31 This war alone is responsible for 11 million of the global refugee total, along with 400,000 dead, again by the UN’s estimate, including more than 4,200 dying at sea in their attempt to flee the fighting. The conflict has also brought U.S. and Russian fighter jets into dangerous pro ...
The effects of climate changes on aquifer storage
The effects of climate changes on aquifer storage

... were based on calibrations with observed river flow data for the Lambourn and Teme catchments. Any rainfall beyond that needed to replenish soil moisture deficits is assumed either to recharge the underlying aquifer or to generate surface flow, and it is further assumed for the current study that th ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of

... have detected an important degree of inter-model variability (Nogués-Bravo et al., in press). These findings, referred to as large areas and based on global datasets, stress the importance of detailed studies into the uncertainty and projected changes for different geographical environments, which ...
Wildlife in Hot Water - National Wildlife Federation
Wildlife in Hot Water - National Wildlife Federation

... protections to more than half of the nation’s streams and millions of acres of wetlands. For more than a decade, many of our nation’s waters were stuck in a legal limbo that compromised federal enforcement in more than 500 pollution cases and increased the rate of wetlands loss by 140 percent. With ...
Identifying adaptation options
Identifying adaptation options

... change (ie. they can act as “agents of change”). In the case of adaptation, there are often trade-offs and/or a number of different adaptive strategies or measures that could be taken. Stakeholders are expected to bring to the assessment process their different perspectives, including those related ...
Australia`s Energy Sector – Drivers for Change
Australia`s Energy Sector – Drivers for Change

... about 711,000 Australian household addresses will be threatened, which are located within 3 km of the coast and less than 6 m above sea level.21 7. When assessing risk, one key factor to take into account, when determining the potential magnitude of the damage is whether or not insurance is availabl ...
Climate change, Environmental Degradation and Migration, 29
Climate change, Environmental Degradation and Migration, 29

... i) Building the knowledge base through enhanced research and data capacities It hardly bears repeating that the most effective policies and programmes are those constructed on a reliable evidence base. Yet, and notwithstanding significant advances in researching the migration-environment nexus, rob ...
English
English

... change. Also in this context, maintaining and enhancing the level of biodiversity in forests and across forested landscapes is crucial. In some areas, climate change will have positive impacts on forests, for example through prolonging the growing season. Positive impacts of climate change should al ...
Global Warming and Climate Change
Global Warming and Climate Change

... These are important first steps and should be actively implemented and respected by all nations. There is, however, no overall convention constituting a comprehensive international frarhework that can address the interrelated problems of * Director of the Centre for International Environmental Law ( ...
The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the
The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the

... activities from natural components. For instance, wetland CH4 emission is composed of a natural ...
August 2012 - CREE
August 2012 - CREE

... one rich and one poor, is set up to explicitly take into account preferences for the two aspects of equality before finding the optimal climate policy. The intergenerational aspect is represented by the trade-offs between welfare in the present and future generations due to the impact of global warm ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of

... have detected an important degree of inter-model variability (Nogués-Bravo et al., in press). These findings, referred to as large areas and based on global datasets, stress the importance of detailed studies into the uncertainty and projected changes for different geographical environments, which ...
2009-PIK-Additional Study-WP1
2009-PIK-Additional Study-WP1

... slum prevalence is between 25.1-50% (UN Habitat, 2008) with Hyderabad being at about 30% (MCH, 2005) this achievement in relative urban equality translates into a huge part of the population being poor and living in slums. Providing them and other vulnerable groups of the society with sound informat ...
Climate Change Policies and Trade Policies: The New Joint
Climate Change Policies and Trade Policies: The New Joint

... 1766, introduced by Senators Bingaman (Democrat from New Mexico) and Specter (Republican from Pennsylvania); the other is Senate bill 2191, introduced by Senators Lieberman (Independent-Democrat from Connecticut) and Warner (Republican from Virginia). The Lieberman-Warner bill (S. 2191) was reporte ...
Climate Change for Forest Policy-Makers
Climate Change for Forest Policy-Makers

... change. Also in this context, maintaining and enhancing the level of biodiversity in forests and across forested landscapes is crucial. In some areas, climate change will have positive impacts on forests, for example through prolonging the growing season. Positive impacts of climate change should al ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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