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Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of

... have detected an important degree of inter-model variability (Nogués-Bravo et al., in press). These findings, referred to as large areas and based on global datasets, stress the importance of detailed studies into the uncertainty and projected changes for different geographical environments, which ...
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT of the United States of America
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT of the United States of America

... years of this century; 2014 was the warmest year ever, and 2015 is on track to be warmer still. The most vulnerable among us—including children, older adults, people with heart or lung disease, and people living in poverty—are most at risk from the impacts of climate change. These and other aspects ...
The Gap of Climate Adaptation Development of the Spatial Planning
The Gap of Climate Adaptation Development of the Spatial Planning

... 2.2 The important aspects of planning for climate adaptation There is an complex interaction between changing climate and spatial development connected by climate process drivers and impacts, i.e. spatial strategies and its effect (human activities), the influence derives from urbanisation, land use ...
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PDF

... Since anthropogenic climate change first emerged on the public agenda in the midto-late 1980s, public communication of climate change and—more recently—the question of how to communicate it most effectively have witnessed a steep rise. This paper synthesizes what is known, presumed, and still unknow ...
Identifying adaptation options - South Florida Regional Planning
Identifying adaptation options - South Florida Regional Planning

... important as many adaptation measures (eg. land use adaptation measures) can bring both benefits and losses depending on one’s perspective. Ensuring that a broad range of perspectives are considered within the assessment and subsequent decision-making processes will further increase the likely accep ...
Does dispersal capacity matter for freshwater biodiversity under
Does dispersal capacity matter for freshwater biodiversity under

... 1. Freshwater ecosystems appear to be sensitive to even minor climatic shifts, and the dendritic nature of rivers as well as patchy distribution of habitats within the terrestrial landscape could limit the ability of species to track suitable climate conditions. Although the importance of dispersal ...
Communicating climate change: history, challenges, process and
Communicating climate change: history, challenges, process and

... Since anthropogenic climate change first emerged on the public agenda in the midto-late 1980s, public communication of climate change and—more recently—the question of how to communicate it most effectively have witnessed a steep rise. This paper synthesizes what is known, presumed, and still unknow ...
How To Do Note on Fisheries, Aquaculture and Climate Change
How To Do Note on Fisheries, Aquaculture and Climate Change

... of other international organizations. Most of the proposed measures are not new concepts or ideas but have been proven time and again in practice to provide a range of benefits to and increase the resilience of small-scale fishers and fish farmers, as well as the ecosystems on which they rely. This ...
2012 Annual Report on the Monitoring of
2012 Annual Report on the Monitoring of

... Olsen 2003, 2004, Olsen 2008a, b), which is basis for monitoring in the Sierra Nevada national forests. Examples of such probabilistic monitoring plans are provided by State of California’s Perennial Stream Assessment (PSA) program (Ode et al. 2011) and Clean Water Act 305(b) Report (SWAMP 2006) ass ...
LCCARL394_en.pdf
LCCARL394_en.pdf

... Caribbean Heads of State and Government expressed grave concern that sustainable development (particularly as expressed through the Millennium Development Goals) could be threatened due to the effects of climate change and sea level rise, which have “led to increasingly frequent and intense extreme ...
An Ounce of Prevention
An Ounce of Prevention

... disasters and slow-onset disasters, as well as the way in which climate change will affect instability and complex emergencies. Using a variety of sources, we were able to establish broad trends and principles for how the causes of rapid- and slow-onset disasters will evolve in the future, as well a ...
6 global policy recommendations for a more sustainable
6 global policy recommendations for a more sustainable

... livelihoods  in  developing  countries  has  been  a  privilege.   I  had  the  pleasure  to  join  meetings  and  discussions  during  the  past  two  Resilience  Academies  –  the   first  one  in  Bangladesh  in  2013  and  the  se ...
European cities adapt to climate change
European cities adapt to climate change

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Climates of change: human dimensions of Holocene
Climates of change: human dimensions of Holocene

... 1997), and as such, are likely to be associated with periods of extreme drought in the western Pacific, and more specifically Southeast Asia, New Guinea and northern Australia. Historical records show that prolonged droughts of more than 5 yr have occurred on both sides of the Pacific and have impacts ...
A Carbon Tax As a Driver of Green Technology Innovation and the
A Carbon Tax As a Driver of Green Technology Innovation and the

... emissions to 5% below 1990 levels by 2012, 3 and international negotiations are underway to determine targets for a second commitment period that will run until 2020. 4 The Kyoto Protocol includes a range of other provisions such as the Clean Development Mechanism, which allows developed countries t ...
corporate conquistadors - Corporate Europe Observatory
corporate conquistadors - Corporate Europe Observatory

... pressure on water sources through increasing droughts, flooding and glacier loss, corporate expansion in environmentally vulnerable areas is polluting fresh water supplies for local communities. While Communal Reserves were established in order to protect the biodiversity and territories of the indi ...
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... the possibility of non-linearities in responses, particularly the potential for triggering thresholds in earth systems, in ecosystem, or in economic outcomes. To be sure, uncertainties have been explored in major reports, such as the IPCC Scientific Assessment Reports from the first to the fifth. Ho ...
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... Acid deposition may be a problem in the future in parts of south east Asia O3 is likely to be already causing damage to crops and forests in the GMS ? O3 concentrations are projected to increase relatively rapidly over the next 20 to 50 years in this region As such, there is an urgent need to develo ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on River Flow and Riparian
The Impacts of Climate Change on River Flow and Riparian

... and studied from manifold scientific standpoints (IPCC, 2003; IPCC, 2007a). A recently published set of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios in the 4th International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (IPCC, 2007a), have projected that an overall trend of the annual mean temperature is likely ...
Impacts of climate change on temperature and evaporation from a
Impacts of climate change on temperature and evaporation from a

... changing climate. In fact, there are indications that the meteorological factors involved in the process of evaporation will be significantly affected as a result of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The 2007 Australian Climate Change Report by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Res ...
Analysis of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Air Temperature
Analysis of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Air Temperature

... perature of the Earth within a range suitable for life. However, as the levels of these gases build up in the atmosphere, they act like the transparent roof of a greenhouse, which allows in sunlight while trapping the heat energy. Climate change over the last century is a subject of great topical in ...
Communicating climate change – Learning from business
Communicating climate change – Learning from business

... ”Periodically, major new forces dramatically reshape the business world – as globalization and the information technology revolution have been doing for the past several decades. Climate change, in its complexity and potential impact, may rival them both.” ...
Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Tanzania
Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Tanzania

... benefits are clear and could be increased if this approach would be extended to the coastal forest area in Tanzania. This strategy would not only have benefits for climate adaptation and social development, but would also have the potential to benefit biodiversity conservation. It could also be expl ...
Demand reduction is key
Demand reduction is key

... biofuels…While Europeans maintain their lifestyle based on automobile culture, the population of Southern countries will have less and less land for food crops and will loose its food sovereignty…We are therefore appealing to the governments and people of the European Union countries to seek solutio ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability
Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability

... complement climate-change mitigation, and both have to be central to an integrated strategy to reduce risks and impacts of climate change. Most of the discussion on climate change has focused on mitigation measures, for example the Kyoto Protocol. Not much attention has been given to climatechange a ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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