Assessing Vulnerabilities to the Effects of Global Change: An Eight
... effectively integrate and support its research, assessment and decision support activities. In particular, we intend to catalyze and contribute to four interrelated lines of work: 1) broadening the science-defined agenda for studying global environmental change to engage more explicitly the socially ...
... effectively integrate and support its research, assessment and decision support activities. In particular, we intend to catalyze and contribute to four interrelated lines of work: 1) broadening the science-defined agenda for studying global environmental change to engage more explicitly the socially ...
Exploring Climate Patterns Embedded in Global Climate Change
... Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers a new methodological framework to study the interaction of atmospheric and oceanic processes. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event is one such event with a global impact on weather patterns. On the other hand, the increase in CO2 can have signific ...
... Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers a new methodological framework to study the interaction of atmospheric and oceanic processes. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event is one such event with a global impact on weather patterns. On the other hand, the increase in CO2 can have signific ...
PDF - AMS Journals - American Meteorological Society
... altitude ranges from 14 to 29 km and from the surface to 8 km (respectively). Previous scientific assessments (National Research Council 2000; Karl et al. 2006; IPCC 2013) have highlighted ...
... altitude ranges from 14 to 29 km and from the surface to 8 km (respectively). Previous scientific assessments (National Research Council 2000; Karl et al. 2006; IPCC 2013) have highlighted ...
Climate Change and Hazard Mitigation Planning
... In accordance with Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. §5165), all States must have an approved statewide hazard mitigation plan in place in order to receive federal disaster mitigation funding from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The purpose of these State ...
... In accordance with Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. §5165), all States must have an approved statewide hazard mitigation plan in place in order to receive federal disaster mitigation funding from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The purpose of these State ...
the eastern European Alps Climate change and geomorphological
... 2 Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK ...
... 2 Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK ...
Entire Report - Center for Climate and Energy
... If, for example, the total GHG emissions reduction required to meet a target were on the order of 10 or 15 percent, as would be the case if total GHG emissions in the United States were held at year 2000 levels through 2010, nearly all of the cost-effective reductions would come from the non-CO2 gr ...
... If, for example, the total GHG emissions reduction required to meet a target were on the order of 10 or 15 percent, as would be the case if total GHG emissions in the United States were held at year 2000 levels through 2010, nearly all of the cost-effective reductions would come from the non-CO2 gr ...
What will global annual emissions of greenhouse gases be in
... However, when the achievement of net negative emissions is assumed, four published model pathways suggest that the rise in global average temperature could be limited to less than 2°C. These pathways have a median value of 53 Gt CO2e in 2020, reducing to 47 Gt CO2e in 2030, 28 Gt CO2e in 2050 and - ...
... However, when the achievement of net negative emissions is assumed, four published model pathways suggest that the rise in global average temperature could be limited to less than 2°C. These pathways have a median value of 53 Gt CO2e in 2020, reducing to 47 Gt CO2e in 2030, 28 Gt CO2e in 2050 and - ...
FFESCsynthesisJune7 - Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural
... focussed on incorporating existing field data into models and decision-support frameworks, with relatively few new field studies. The range and social sciences components included significant new fieldwork and data collection because much less prior work had been done. In the sub-sections that follo ...
... focussed on incorporating existing field data into models and decision-support frameworks, with relatively few new field studies. The range and social sciences components included significant new fieldwork and data collection because much less prior work had been done. In the sub-sections that follo ...
A strategic approach to adaptation in Europe (628 kB) (opens in new window)
... international development and political economy to establish a world-leading centre for policyrelevant research, teaching and training in climate change and the environment. It is funded by the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, which also funds the Grantham Institute for Cli ...
... international development and political economy to establish a world-leading centre for policyrelevant research, teaching and training in climate change and the environment. It is funded by the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, which also funds the Grantham Institute for Cli ...
Innovation in the realm of institutional complexity
... and a third party has been engaged to write a report since there are disputes over who is responsible and who should pay the bill. The costs of these floods are enormous, and there is an ongoing public debate and questions being raised about the role and responsibilities of the different actors invo ...
... and a third party has been engaged to write a report since there are disputes over who is responsible and who should pay the bill. The costs of these floods are enormous, and there is an ongoing public debate and questions being raised about the role and responsibilities of the different actors invo ...
Managing for climate change on federal lands of the western United
... prior to and immediately following the workshops. If participants had not completed an online survey prior to arriving at the workshop, they were asked to fill out a paper copy on arrival. Quantitative survey responses were made on a 7-point Likert-type scale from -3 (strongly disagree) to +3 (stron ...
... prior to and immediately following the workshops. If participants had not completed an online survey prior to arriving at the workshop, they were asked to fill out a paper copy on arrival. Quantitative survey responses were made on a 7-point Likert-type scale from -3 (strongly disagree) to +3 (stron ...
This background paper focuses specifically on the relationships
... received less direct attention in the literature, despite a general consensus that inequalities mediate the ways in which poverty shapes differential vulnerability to climate change (World Bank, 2016). While poverty refers to low economic status of individuals (according to absolute or relative meas ...
... received less direct attention in the literature, despite a general consensus that inequalities mediate the ways in which poverty shapes differential vulnerability to climate change (World Bank, 2016). While poverty refers to low economic status of individuals (according to absolute or relative meas ...
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MAIN AGRICULTURE CROPS IN
... more appropriate as the scale of interest becomes broader. It is also at these broader scales that climate projections are most available and reliable, and therefore statistical models are likely to continue to play an important role in anticipating future impacts of climate change [30]. Projecting ...
... more appropriate as the scale of interest becomes broader. It is also at these broader scales that climate projections are most available and reliable, and therefore statistical models are likely to continue to play an important role in anticipating future impacts of climate change [30]. Projecting ...
BACKGROUND PAPER Prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment
... in the last two decades, they have increasingly been linked. In particular, the relationship between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction has received significant attention (Mercer, 2010; Schipper, 2009; Schipper and Pelling, 2006; Thomalla et al., 2006), leading to calls for greate ...
... in the last two decades, they have increasingly been linked. In particular, the relationship between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction has received significant attention (Mercer, 2010; Schipper, 2009; Schipper and Pelling, 2006; Thomalla et al., 2006), leading to calls for greate ...
Understanding Climate Change: Lesson Plans for
... (e.g., one increases while the other decreases). Correlation does not prove causation. To confirm causation, one must demonstrate that changes to one variable directly produce effects in the other. For example, we could observe the relationship between a rooster crowing and the sun rising and see th ...
... (e.g., one increases while the other decreases). Correlation does not prove causation. To confirm causation, one must demonstrate that changes to one variable directly produce effects in the other. For example, we could observe the relationship between a rooster crowing and the sun rising and see th ...
Climate change in Australia | Southern and South
... current state and future of the global climate system. The report concluded that: • greenhouse gas emissions have markedly increased as a result of human activities • human influence has been detected in warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, in changes in the global water cycle, in reductions i ...
... current state and future of the global climate system. The report concluded that: • greenhouse gas emissions have markedly increased as a result of human activities • human influence has been detected in warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, in changes in the global water cycle, in reductions i ...
Climate Change and Security
... 2. Politics, Society, Economy and Environment South West Asia comprises heterogeneous countries with varying adaptive capacities to climate change. The region is ridden by conflict and has been the focus of geopolitical interests for the large resources of fossil fuels situated in most South West As ...
... 2. Politics, Society, Economy and Environment South West Asia comprises heterogeneous countries with varying adaptive capacities to climate change. The region is ridden by conflict and has been the focus of geopolitical interests for the large resources of fossil fuels situated in most South West As ...
Selecting Ensemble Members to Provide Regional Climate Change
... from each GCM are assessed with a focus on the Asian summer monsoon, given its importance to proposed applications of the projections. First, the study examines whether any model should be eliminated because significant deficiencies in its simulation may render its future climate projections unreali ...
... from each GCM are assessed with a focus on the Asian summer monsoon, given its importance to proposed applications of the projections. First, the study examines whether any model should be eliminated because significant deficiencies in its simulation may render its future climate projections unreali ...
Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and... past climate change
... the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and ...
... the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and ...
Silva2013-ERL-APMortality.pdf
... the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and ...
... the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and ...
Climate-induced migration and displacement: closing the policy gap
... (1) migration, (2) displacement and (3) planned relocation (Warner et al., 2013) (see figure below). While forced displacement and voluntary migration are often referred to as two distinct categories, the line between them is difficult to define, particularly when people are moving in response to ex ...
... (1) migration, (2) displacement and (3) planned relocation (Warner et al., 2013) (see figure below). While forced displacement and voluntary migration are often referred to as two distinct categories, the line between them is difficult to define, particularly when people are moving in response to ex ...
The Kyoto Protocol, Citizens` Suits under the Clean Air Act, and the
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (JPCC) in 1988.47 One year later, governments and scientists representing twenty-two countries, including Canada, France, Japan, and Italy, "called for negotiations on a global warming treaty" in recognition of "the need to reduce the threat of human-induced ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (JPCC) in 1988.47 One year later, governments and scientists representing twenty-two countries, including Canada, France, Japan, and Italy, "called for negotiations on a global warming treaty" in recognition of "the need to reduce the threat of human-induced ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.