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... Figure 4: Spatial distribution of the share of water runoff in Australia Source: Water and the Australian Economy – April 1999 Drought frequency and its severity within the basin are also projected to increase with adverse impacts on rural businesses, infrastructure and greater loss of soil and biod ...
... Figure 4: Spatial distribution of the share of water runoff in Australia Source: Water and the Australian Economy – April 1999 Drought frequency and its severity within the basin are also projected to increase with adverse impacts on rural businesses, infrastructure and greater loss of soil and biod ...
the Migration as Adaptation briefing.
... Given this, migration is predominantly seen as an individual’s behavioural decision that is largely reactive and autonomous (Adger et al, 2006: 8), and thus, is often excluded from the realm of public policy intervention. Indeed, policymakers see autonomous migration to be a hands-off (Nordhaus, 199 ...
... Given this, migration is predominantly seen as an individual’s behavioural decision that is largely reactive and autonomous (Adger et al, 2006: 8), and thus, is often excluded from the realm of public policy intervention. Indeed, policymakers see autonomous migration to be a hands-off (Nordhaus, 199 ...
The Meaning of Uncertainty: Debating Climate Change in the Gilded
... The writings produced over the course of the climate debate are rife with paradox and uncertainty. The scientists, boosters, and surveyors who argued about climate change in the late nineteenth century struggled with, embraced, and used uncertainty in myriad ways. Sometimes proponents of modern scie ...
... The writings produced over the course of the climate debate are rife with paradox and uncertainty. The scientists, boosters, and surveyors who argued about climate change in the late nineteenth century struggled with, embraced, and used uncertainty in myriad ways. Sometimes proponents of modern scie ...
Abrupt climate change: can society cope?
... Direction. All the IPCC scenarios contain basically unidirectional curves of climate change, at least at global and large-regional scales.† A non-standard abrupt scenario therefore could be when the direction of climate change alters in a sustained manner, for example, when climate substantially war ...
... Direction. All the IPCC scenarios contain basically unidirectional curves of climate change, at least at global and large-regional scales.† A non-standard abrupt scenario therefore could be when the direction of climate change alters in a sustained manner, for example, when climate substantially war ...
Titel
... "The insurance industry has always played a key role in helping business and society understand new risks. We provide an early warning, if you will. Allianz believes it is already seeing signs that climate change is a serious emerging risk, and we expect it to remain a top-tier issue for the insuran ...
... "The insurance industry has always played a key role in helping business and society understand new risks. We provide an early warning, if you will. Allianz believes it is already seeing signs that climate change is a serious emerging risk, and we expect it to remain a top-tier issue for the insuran ...
Biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes simulated by
... and Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany Present address: M. Schaeffer Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands ...
... and Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany Present address: M. Schaeffer Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EMERGING LIABILITY CHALLENGE
... companies with failure to prepare for climate-related financial exposures. To the extent that the shareholders take such cases to court, insurers have to defend those firms who have purchased Directors and Officers liability coverage from them. As insurance policies are usually renewed annually, in ...
... companies with failure to prepare for climate-related financial exposures. To the extent that the shareholders take such cases to court, insurers have to defend those firms who have purchased Directors and Officers liability coverage from them. As insurance policies are usually renewed annually, in ...
Successful adaptation to climate change across scales
... and changing the physical characteristics of impacts may only generate individual benefits if others collectively invest in these adaptations too. This may be the case in coastal communities where there may be a need for sea defences. In other cases, individual action will be adequate and specific pub ...
... and changing the physical characteristics of impacts may only generate individual benefits if others collectively invest in these adaptations too. This may be the case in coastal communities where there may be a need for sea defences. In other cases, individual action will be adequate and specific pub ...
adaptation to climate change: international policy options
... The impacts of global climate change will be felt across economies and societies. The present state of climate modeling does not allow precise forecasting of the full extent or distribution of impacts at any given level of climate change. This brief overview of projected impacts in key sectors gives ...
... The impacts of global climate change will be felt across economies and societies. The present state of climate modeling does not allow precise forecasting of the full extent or distribution of impacts at any given level of climate change. This brief overview of projected impacts in key sectors gives ...
Climate refugees in the 21st century
... Similarly, some regional refugee instruments, such as the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, extend the definition to persons fleeing “events seriously disturbing public order”. This supplement may equally ...
... Similarly, some regional refugee instruments, such as the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, extend the definition to persons fleeing “events seriously disturbing public order”. This supplement may equally ...
as a PDF
... Implicit to this framework are also assumptions about the nature of climate variations and change and about the ways in which societies adapt. As Hare (1979; personal communication) points out, climate is an intellectual construct composed of an ensemble of central tendencies, variabilities about th ...
... Implicit to this framework are also assumptions about the nature of climate variations and change and about the ways in which societies adapt. As Hare (1979; personal communication) points out, climate is an intellectual construct composed of an ensemble of central tendencies, variabilities about th ...
5. Conclusion: Political change in social
... Thinking critically in this sense is clearly ‘an inherently political process’ (Brookfield 2005, p.vii). We draw on the critical inquiry tradition to ‘understand not just how the world is but also how it might be changed for the better’ (Brookfield 2005, p.7), where ‘better’ is defined as achieving ...
... Thinking critically in this sense is clearly ‘an inherently political process’ (Brookfield 2005, p.vii). We draw on the critical inquiry tradition to ‘understand not just how the world is but also how it might be changed for the better’ (Brookfield 2005, p.7), where ‘better’ is defined as achieving ...
PDF
... vineyards and agroforestry will become more problematic. Investing in ecological assets in rural regions, especially where these assets may become stranded by climate change, also will be increasingly problematic. ...
... vineyards and agroforestry will become more problematic. Investing in ecological assets in rural regions, especially where these assets may become stranded by climate change, also will be increasingly problematic. ...
Hydrologic impacts of climate change on the Nile River Basin
... associated with population growth and a changing climate. Therefore, understanding the uncertainty in projected climate change over the next century is essential to understanding how the economy of the Nile basin will evolve, including social and environmental impacts. This uncertainty is attributab ...
... associated with population growth and a changing climate. Therefore, understanding the uncertainty in projected climate change over the next century is essential to understanding how the economy of the Nile basin will evolve, including social and environmental impacts. This uncertainty is attributab ...
Case Study - Sorsogon City
... support of climate change strategies. A major outcome of the initiative will be the development of a set of tools for mitigation and adaptation. This case study follows a report under the Cities and Climate Change Initiative, where four pilot cities were selected in 2009, one of which Sorsogon City, ...
... support of climate change strategies. A major outcome of the initiative will be the development of a set of tools for mitigation and adaptation. This case study follows a report under the Cities and Climate Change Initiative, where four pilot cities were selected in 2009, one of which Sorsogon City, ...
The effects of global change upon United States air quality
... on the order of 2 to 10 parts per billion (ppb) in polluted regions were consistently predicted from these studies as a result of climate change alone. By contrast, there is little consistency among the model predictions of climate change effects on PM (Jacob et al., 2009; Dawson et al., 2013). In t ...
... on the order of 2 to 10 parts per billion (ppb) in polluted regions were consistently predicted from these studies as a result of climate change alone. By contrast, there is little consistency among the model predictions of climate change effects on PM (Jacob et al., 2009; Dawson et al., 2013). In t ...
Submission from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
... The Concept of the GCOS Programme As an outcome of the Second World Climate Conference, the GCOS was established in 1992 to ensure that the observation and information needed to address climate‐related issues are obtained and made available to all potential users. ...
... The Concept of the GCOS Programme As an outcome of the Second World Climate Conference, the GCOS was established in 1992 to ensure that the observation and information needed to address climate‐related issues are obtained and made available to all potential users. ...
CHAPTER 13
... United Kingdom. While the physical principles driving these models are similar, they differ in how they represent the effects of some important processes. Therefore, these two primary models paint different views of the future. On average over the 21st century the Canadian model projects a greater t ...
... United Kingdom. While the physical principles driving these models are similar, they differ in how they represent the effects of some important processes. Therefore, these two primary models paint different views of the future. On average over the 21st century the Canadian model projects a greater t ...
Rechtspraak.nl - Print uitspraak
... within reach (…) It is also clear that collective, global actions are required to keep climate change within acceptable limits. In this context of collective actions, the 25%-40% reduction you refer to in your letter was always the objective. The EU’s offer to pursue a 30% reduction by 2020, on the ...
... within reach (…) It is also clear that collective, global actions are required to keep climate change within acceptable limits. In this context of collective actions, the 25%-40% reduction you refer to in your letter was always the objective. The EU’s offer to pursue a 30% reduction by 2020, on the ...
Socio-structural and psychological foundations of climate change
... is a multifaceted issue and research has identified a number of psychological barriers to perceiving, understanding and acting upon global environmental change (e.g., Milfont, 2010; Pawlik, 1991; Swim et al., 2011). However, such studies have generally not disentangled belief of climate change’s exi ...
... is a multifaceted issue and research has identified a number of psychological barriers to perceiving, understanding and acting upon global environmental change (e.g., Milfont, 2010; Pawlik, 1991; Swim et al., 2011). However, such studies have generally not disentangled belief of climate change’s exi ...
- Centre for Climate Change Research (CCCR)
... • Rank 1: least vulnerable (Highest index values), Rank 13: most vulnerable (Lowest index values). ...
... • Rank 1: least vulnerable (Highest index values), Rank 13: most vulnerable (Lowest index values). ...
Caring for climate a guide to the climate change convention
... The Convention divides countries into three main groups according to differing commitments: ANNEX I Parties include the industrialized countries that were members of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in 1992, plus countries with economies in transition (the EIT Partie ...
... The Convention divides countries into three main groups according to differing commitments: ANNEX I Parties include the industrialized countries that were members of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in 1992, plus countries with economies in transition (the EIT Partie ...
Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making:
... Section 1: Introduction and Executive Summary Throughout the world, there is a major need for climate change science to inform on-the-ground adaptation planning. However, a big gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There i ...
... Section 1: Introduction and Executive Summary Throughout the world, there is a major need for climate change science to inform on-the-ground adaptation planning. However, a big gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There i ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.