Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution and Carbon
... change scenariosat 10-km resolution.MC1 was run under two transient scenarios at 0.5? latitude/longitude resolution (approximately50-km). The reason for the discrepancybetween the number and the spatialresolutionof the two types of scenariosis that (a) there are fewer transient climate change scenar ...
... change scenariosat 10-km resolution.MC1 was run under two transient scenarios at 0.5? latitude/longitude resolution (approximately50-km). The reason for the discrepancybetween the number and the spatialresolutionof the two types of scenariosis that (a) there are fewer transient climate change scenar ...
a PDF
... in the past two decades.This is confirmed by a large body of scientific data.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that this warming is mostly attributable to the build up of greenhouse gases (principally CO2) in the atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels and changes ...
... in the past two decades.This is confirmed by a large body of scientific data.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that this warming is mostly attributable to the build up of greenhouse gases (principally CO2) in the atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels and changes ...
Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide
... energy balance [1,2], is the human-made increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels. Earth’s response to climate forcings is slowed by the inertia of the global ocean and the great ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica, which require centuries, m ...
... energy balance [1,2], is the human-made increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels. Earth’s response to climate forcings is slowed by the inertia of the global ocean and the great ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica, which require centuries, m ...
Top-down vs bottom-up - working paper version
... I then argue that there are good theoretical reasons for appealing to a broader range of values in thinking about how national efforts should be distributed. In particular, in addition to effectiveness, feasibility and distributive equity, considerations of procedural equity are important. Top-down ...
... I then argue that there are good theoretical reasons for appealing to a broader range of values in thinking about how national efforts should be distributed. In particular, in addition to effectiveness, feasibility and distributive equity, considerations of procedural equity are important. Top-down ...
Climate Conventions and Africa/Ethiopia - EfD
... Africa in particular contribute the least to the problem, they are the most affected, with reasons varying from lacking resources to cope, immense poverty, and that many LDCs are located in regions where severe weather will hit the most. This fact makes it difficult to deal with the problem of clima ...
... Africa in particular contribute the least to the problem, they are the most affected, with reasons varying from lacking resources to cope, immense poverty, and that many LDCs are located in regions where severe weather will hit the most. This fact makes it difficult to deal with the problem of clima ...
Overall scientific concept with short-term and long
... different societal units which need to be the objects of the inquiry. Interdisciplinary dialogue and understanding is indispensable for analyzing the meaning and significance of the implications of climate change and the development of strategies to cope with them. Interdisciplinary research is a tr ...
... different societal units which need to be the objects of the inquiry. Interdisciplinary dialogue and understanding is indispensable for analyzing the meaning and significance of the implications of climate change and the development of strategies to cope with them. Interdisciplinary research is a tr ...
Framing the flood: a media analysis of themes of resilience in the
... resilience can be defined and measured by focusing on three attributes (Walker et al. 2002): maintenance of structure and function in the face of disturbance, ability to self-organize in response or anticipation to disturbance and capacity for learning and adaptation. While empirically supported to ...
... resilience can be defined and measured by focusing on three attributes (Walker et al. 2002): maintenance of structure and function in the face of disturbance, ability to self-organize in response or anticipation to disturbance and capacity for learning and adaptation. While empirically supported to ...
PDF
... its emission level). International cooperation to set emission levels has, thus, been a natural approach to alleviating climate change. However, some have argued that mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions cannot be the only policy response to climate change because due to the inertia of the climate ...
... its emission level). International cooperation to set emission levels has, thus, been a natural approach to alleviating climate change. However, some have argued that mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions cannot be the only policy response to climate change because due to the inertia of the climate ...
Internal and forced climate variability during the last millennium: a
... Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ...
... Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ...
Climate Variability, Climate Change and Western Water
... Western U.S .. Water availability varies geographically, and streamflows fluctuate on daily, seasonal, annual, and decadal time scales. Runoff depends on climatic processes that, to some extent, follow regular seasonal patterns. For example, there are regular seasonal changes in the global distribut ...
... Western U.S .. Water availability varies geographically, and streamflows fluctuate on daily, seasonal, annual, and decadal time scales. Runoff depends on climatic processes that, to some extent, follow regular seasonal patterns. For example, there are regular seasonal changes in the global distribut ...
Effects of Global Warming on Trout and Salmon in U.S. Streams
... streams they once inhabited. Climatic warming poses an additional, potentially severe threat to their survival. The earth has warmed significantly during the last 50 years, and most of the observed warming is believed to have been caused by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other ...
... streams they once inhabited. Climatic warming poses an additional, potentially severe threat to their survival. The earth has warmed significantly during the last 50 years, and most of the observed warming is believed to have been caused by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other ...
Document
... Supplemental Section 2. Differences between sunshade geoengineering and other types of solar geoengineering To illustrate how the impacts of solar geoengineering would depend on the type of solar geoengineering deployed and the manner of its deployment, we present here some key differences among so ...
... Supplemental Section 2. Differences between sunshade geoengineering and other types of solar geoengineering To illustrate how the impacts of solar geoengineering would depend on the type of solar geoengineering deployed and the manner of its deployment, we present here some key differences among so ...
i4332e06
... (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). Currently, 30 percent of global land area is already being used for livestock rearing (Steinfeld et al., 2006), which means that substantial efficiency gains will be required to satisfy the rising demand within the physical constraints related to land, and, to some ...
... (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). Currently, 30 percent of global land area is already being used for livestock rearing (Steinfeld et al., 2006), which means that substantial efficiency gains will be required to satisfy the rising demand within the physical constraints related to land, and, to some ...
How can decision-makers in developing countries incorporate uncertainty about future climate risks into existing planning and policymaking processes? (424 kB) (opens in new window)
... The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment was established in 2008 at the London School of Economics and Political Science. The Institute bring together international expertise on economics, as well as finance, geography, the environment, international development and poli ...
... The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment was established in 2008 at the London School of Economics and Political Science. The Institute bring together international expertise on economics, as well as finance, geography, the environment, international development and poli ...
Mechanisms of elevation-dependent warming over the Tibetan
... features of temperature and precipitation better, and conducted projection of future climate change on the TP. The analyses of annual 1 % increases in CO2 levels, using the Community Climate System Model 3 (CCSM3), showed that more significant warming at higher elevations on the TP resulted from a g ...
... features of temperature and precipitation better, and conducted projection of future climate change on the TP. The analyses of annual 1 % increases in CO2 levels, using the Community Climate System Model 3 (CCSM3), showed that more significant warming at higher elevations on the TP resulted from a g ...
Media coverage of climate change: current trends, strengths
... he was “99 percent certain" that warmer temperatures were caused by the burning of fossil fuels and not solely a result of natural variation, and that “it is time to stop waffling so much and say that the evidence is pretty strong that the greenhouse effect is here” (Shabecoff 1988, A1). This dramat ...
... he was “99 percent certain" that warmer temperatures were caused by the burning of fossil fuels and not solely a result of natural variation, and that “it is time to stop waffling so much and say that the evidence is pretty strong that the greenhouse effect is here” (Shabecoff 1988, A1). This dramat ...
brief
... commercial refrigeration equipment (“the Rule”), 79 Fed. Reg. 17,726 (Mar. 28, 2014), will reduce carbon pollution, help mitigate climate change, and so generate billions of dollars in quantifiable benefits to economic welfare, public health, national security, and environmental quality. DOE quantif ...
... commercial refrigeration equipment (“the Rule”), 79 Fed. Reg. 17,726 (Mar. 28, 2014), will reduce carbon pollution, help mitigate climate change, and so generate billions of dollars in quantifiable benefits to economic welfare, public health, national security, and environmental quality. DOE quantif ...
The Rules of the Game
... change and environmental issues, we recommend the three sources above as your first port of call. Several very recent attitude surveys on climate change have also heavily influenced our principles and, where possible, we have added examples from real campaigns and direct learning from experience in ...
... change and environmental issues, we recommend the three sources above as your first port of call. Several very recent attitude surveys on climate change have also heavily influenced our principles and, where possible, we have added examples from real campaigns and direct learning from experience in ...
UNEP and Climate Change
... I provided a verbal response at the Meeting and also undertook to provide answers in writing to be distributed to the CPR. The United Nations family is galvanizing behind the successful negotiation of a post2012 regime under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( ...
... I provided a verbal response at the Meeting and also undertook to provide answers in writing to be distributed to the CPR. The United Nations family is galvanizing behind the successful negotiation of a post2012 regime under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( ...
Article - Cerfacs
... in major uncertainties in the final results of the impact study. These uncertainties may not necessarily prevent the practical use of the conclusions of an impact study for decisionmaking purpose, but only if they are recognized, correctly treated, and acknowledged. From a practical point of view, e ...
... in major uncertainties in the final results of the impact study. These uncertainties may not necessarily prevent the practical use of the conclusions of an impact study for decisionmaking purpose, but only if they are recognized, correctly treated, and acknowledged. From a practical point of view, e ...
Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change
... 2006; Brander 2007). These physical drivers affect fisheries through many pathways; both direct and indirect (Table 1). The known direct effects of climate change include changes in the abundance and distribution of exploited species and assemblages (Perry et al. 2005; Lehodey et al. 2006; Dulvy et ...
... 2006; Brander 2007). These physical drivers affect fisheries through many pathways; both direct and indirect (Table 1). The known direct effects of climate change include changes in the abundance and distribution of exploited species and assemblages (Perry et al. 2005; Lehodey et al. 2006; Dulvy et ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.