United Nations Development Programme
... 1. General description of mandates and objective(s) of your organization / associated network with institutional structure (Please provide information on organizational mandates and objective(s) of the organization / associated network with organizational/institutional structure, as explicitly and/o ...
... 1. General description of mandates and objective(s) of your organization / associated network with institutional structure (Please provide information on organizational mandates and objective(s) of the organization / associated network with organizational/institutional structure, as explicitly and/o ...
Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming
... Documented shifts in geographical ranges1,2, seasonal phenology3,4, community interactions5, genetics3,6 and extinctions7 have been attributed to recent global warming8–10. Many such biotic shifts have been detected at mid- to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere4,9,10—a latitudinal pattern tha ...
... Documented shifts in geographical ranges1,2, seasonal phenology3,4, community interactions5, genetics3,6 and extinctions7 have been attributed to recent global warming8–10. Many such biotic shifts have been detected at mid- to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere4,9,10—a latitudinal pattern tha ...
LETTER Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming
... Documented shifts in geographical ranges1,2, seasonal phenology3,4, community interactions5, genetics3,6 and extinctions7 have been attributed to recent global warming8–10. Many such biotic shifts have been detected at mid- to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere4,9,10—a latitudinal pattern tha ...
... Documented shifts in geographical ranges1,2, seasonal phenology3,4, community interactions5, genetics3,6 and extinctions7 have been attributed to recent global warming8–10. Many such biotic shifts have been detected at mid- to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere4,9,10—a latitudinal pattern tha ...
This is climaTe change in europe
... are also happening on the doorsteps of the richest, most powerful countries, here in Europe, in our communities, affecting our daily lives. The publication of the first part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment report in September 2013 offered a stark reminder of the r ...
... are also happening on the doorsteps of the richest, most powerful countries, here in Europe, in our communities, affecting our daily lives. The publication of the first part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment report in September 2013 offered a stark reminder of the r ...
Chhatra Bahadur Khadka Tribhuvan University
... valuable suggestions that inspired and encouraged me to work hard for this study. I am equally indebted to my Co-advisor, Professor Mohan K. Balla for my research thesis for his valuable suggestions and encouragement during my study. I would like to express my thanks to Mr. Raj Kumar Gurung (Lwang U ...
... valuable suggestions that inspired and encouraged me to work hard for this study. I am equally indebted to my Co-advisor, Professor Mohan K. Balla for my research thesis for his valuable suggestions and encouragement during my study. I would like to express my thanks to Mr. Raj Kumar Gurung (Lwang U ...
PDF
... outbreaks under past and future climate change and evaluates associated economic losses and section 6 presents conclusions. Background Information on AI AI, commonly called “bird flu”, is a contagious animal disease that infects birds and some mammals (WHO 2005). The strains of AI are divided into t ...
... outbreaks under past and future climate change and evaluates associated economic losses and section 6 presents conclusions. Background Information on AI AI, commonly called “bird flu”, is a contagious animal disease that infects birds and some mammals (WHO 2005). The strains of AI are divided into t ...
Estimating climate change effects on net primary production of
... The emission scenarios included decadal, aspatial estimates of NOx emissions (SM4). Decadal values were linearly interpolated to estimate annual values. Further, nitrogen deposition was assumed to increase at the same rate as nitrogen emissions, therefore, permitting the rate of increase of nitrogen ...
... The emission scenarios included decadal, aspatial estimates of NOx emissions (SM4). Decadal values were linearly interpolated to estimate annual values. Further, nitrogen deposition was assumed to increase at the same rate as nitrogen emissions, therefore, permitting the rate of increase of nitrogen ...
Fear Won`t Do It - Center for Science and Technology Policy Research
... pre/post-test survey before and after watching the climate change disaster movie The Day After Tomorrow (Emmerich, 2004), with survey themes followed up a month later with focus groups. They found that although the majority of participants (67%) in the post-test agreed that “everybody has to do some ...
... pre/post-test survey before and after watching the climate change disaster movie The Day After Tomorrow (Emmerich, 2004), with survey themes followed up a month later with focus groups. They found that although the majority of participants (67%) in the post-test agreed that “everybody has to do some ...
Climate Change impaCts on australia
... of impacts. The standard IPCC projections, and those based on them, provide cases that correspond most closely to those we expect from no mitigation or from effective global mitigation policies (Table 6.2). The more serious implications of ...
... of impacts. The standard IPCC projections, and those based on them, provide cases that correspond most closely to those we expect from no mitigation or from effective global mitigation policies (Table 6.2). The more serious implications of ...
The Evangelical Debate Over Climate Change
... "America's Taliban, also known as George Bush's base."5 The prospect of evangelicals dictating public policy is threatening to such observers, even when they might agree with the policy in question. These views prompted New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof to write about the need to "hug an eva ...
... "America's Taliban, also known as George Bush's base."5 The prospect of evangelicals dictating public policy is threatening to such observers, even when they might agree with the policy in question. These views prompted New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof to write about the need to "hug an eva ...
Appendix D: Economic modelling and adaptation to climate change
... A study by BRANZ (2007) considered the costs and benefits of retrofitting housing in New Zealand to deal with the impacts of climate change. The study considered adaptation options, including increasing the number of nails in roofs, increasing insulation, using stronger steel, installing water tank ...
... A study by BRANZ (2007) considered the costs and benefits of retrofitting housing in New Zealand to deal with the impacts of climate change. The study considered adaptation options, including increasing the number of nails in roofs, increasing insulation, using stronger steel, installing water tank ...
Climate change
... Europe and to decrease further south. Extreme events like hot days, tropical nights, and heat waves have become more frequent and are likely to occur even more often in the future. Environmental vulnerabilities As far as water is concerned, climate change may result in increased threats to the ecol ...
... Europe and to decrease further south. Extreme events like hot days, tropical nights, and heat waves have become more frequent and are likely to occur even more often in the future. Environmental vulnerabilities As far as water is concerned, climate change may result in increased threats to the ecol ...
... Questions we will discuss include: How effective and efficient are the policies being proposed and adopted? How do national actions affect international action, and vice-versa? Can current institutions deal with a problem as enormous, complex, long-term, uncertain, and multi-faceted as climate chang ...
GCOS Switzerland
... between mountainous regions and flatland regions in winter, as well as the north-south gradient in cloud cover over Switzerland in summer. ...
... between mountainous regions and flatland regions in winter, as well as the north-south gradient in cloud cover over Switzerland in summer. ...
Ecological and methodological drivers of species` distribution and
... We analysed the database of peer-reviewed studies of observed impacts of climate change on marine organisms compiled by Poloczanska et al. (2013). We used a subset of 61 studies where rates of range change in phenology or distribution were reported or could be calculated and updated the database wit ...
... We analysed the database of peer-reviewed studies of observed impacts of climate change on marine organisms compiled by Poloczanska et al. (2013). We used a subset of 61 studies where rates of range change in phenology or distribution were reported or could be calculated and updated the database wit ...
Senate Inquiry into the Kyoto Protocol
... Kyoto can encourage the movement of industry (including agriculture) from countries with emission caps to countries without caps8. In many cases, the movement of industry from Australia to other countries would actually increase global greenhouse gas emissions, as Australia is an efficient, low emis ...
... Kyoto can encourage the movement of industry (including agriculture) from countries with emission caps to countries without caps8. In many cases, the movement of industry from Australia to other countries would actually increase global greenhouse gas emissions, as Australia is an efficient, low emis ...
Climate Change Presentation
... organisms, ecosystems, and human well-being Scientists have studied the many aspects of climate change Climate variables have been monitored, building a long-term database for researchers to study Scientific literature is replete with published studies ...
... organisms, ecosystems, and human well-being Scientists have studied the many aspects of climate change Climate variables have been monitored, building a long-term database for researchers to study Scientific literature is replete with published studies ...
A district level assessment of vulnerability of
... is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by climaterelated stimuli’. It is determined by demographic and environmental conditions of the region concerned. Exposure is defined as ‘the nature and degree to which a system is exposed to significant climatic variations’. Thus, exposure relates to c ...
... is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by climaterelated stimuli’. It is determined by demographic and environmental conditions of the region concerned. Exposure is defined as ‘the nature and degree to which a system is exposed to significant climatic variations’. Thus, exposure relates to c ...
European atmosphere in 2050, a regional
... be most relevant, and that relies on up-to-date and consistent sets of air pollution and climate policy scenarios. Global and regional climate as well as global chemistry simulations are based on the recent representative concentration pathways (RCP) produced for the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of ...
... be most relevant, and that relies on up-to-date and consistent sets of air pollution and climate policy scenarios. Global and regional climate as well as global chemistry simulations are based on the recent representative concentration pathways (RCP) produced for the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of ...
PDF
... While the scientific community has established a fairly clear consensus on the threat of climate change, policymakers and journalists often suggest that the economic community lacks a consensus view on climate change risks and appropriate policy responses. We conducted a survey of 1,103 experts on t ...
... While the scientific community has established a fairly clear consensus on the threat of climate change, policymakers and journalists often suggest that the economic community lacks a consensus view on climate change risks and appropriate policy responses. We conducted a survey of 1,103 experts on t ...
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
... These brief historical accounts suggest key differences between the two issues. The first major distinction is that the scientific analysis of the two cases occurred on vastly different timescales. The research into the effect of CFCs and other manmade compounds on concentrations of ozone in the str ...
... These brief historical accounts suggest key differences between the two issues. The first major distinction is that the scientific analysis of the two cases occurred on vastly different timescales. The research into the effect of CFCs and other manmade compounds on concentrations of ozone in the str ...
Global Increase in Climate-Related Disasters
... and to lead to a gradual increase in global average temperatures. Land and ocean temperature data show a 0.85 °C increase over 1880–2012—a warming that is extremely likely due to human influence, particularly anthropogenic GHG emissions. The 10 hottest years on record since 1880 all occurred after 1 ...
... and to lead to a gradual increase in global average temperatures. Land and ocean temperature data show a 0.85 °C increase over 1880–2012—a warming that is extremely likely due to human influence, particularly anthropogenic GHG emissions. The 10 hottest years on record since 1880 all occurred after 1 ...
Risk of ruin paper - Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
... IPCC (2007) is a survey of existing literature – it deals with what is known and considered to be most likely to happen. For example sea level rises are projected to rise between 0.18 and 0.58m by 2099. IPCC (2007a) then goes on to say “Models used to date do not include uncertainties in climate-ca ...
... IPCC (2007) is a survey of existing literature – it deals with what is known and considered to be most likely to happen. For example sea level rises are projected to rise between 0.18 and 0.58m by 2099. IPCC (2007a) then goes on to say “Models used to date do not include uncertainties in climate-ca ...
Marine Science
... Rykaczewski and Dunne (2010) hypothesized that decreased ventilation in upwelling zones may increase production due to increased residence times (the period where producers are retained in the high production zone) and nutrient remineralization; however, we note that these benefits could be offset b ...
... Rykaczewski and Dunne (2010) hypothesized that decreased ventilation in upwelling zones may increase production due to increased residence times (the period where producers are retained in the high production zone) and nutrient remineralization; however, we note that these benefits could be offset b ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.