Foreign Action, Domestic Windfall
... government, it is widely acknowledged that this metric likely underestimates the full benefits to the United States and to the world of carbon mitigation. Nevertheless, it can be used to calculate preliminary, conservative estimates of how the United States directly benefits from foreign actions on ...
... government, it is widely acknowledged that this metric likely underestimates the full benefits to the United States and to the world of carbon mitigation. Nevertheless, it can be used to calculate preliminary, conservative estimates of how the United States directly benefits from foreign actions on ...
Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation
... drought stress, insect defoliation, and climate-driven vegetation mortality (Carnicer et al., 2011; McDowell et al., 2011). Moreover, temperature and precipitation can interact in complex ways. For example, reduced snow cover arising from both winter drought and warm temperatures can result in root ...
... drought stress, insect defoliation, and climate-driven vegetation mortality (Carnicer et al., 2011; McDowell et al., 2011). Moreover, temperature and precipitation can interact in complex ways. For example, reduced snow cover arising from both winter drought and warm temperatures can result in root ...
Special Report on Emission Scenario’s
... • Policies that provide a real or implicit price of carbon could create incentives for producers and consumers to significantly invest in low-GHG products, technologies and processes. • Such policies could include economic instruments, government funding and regulation • For stabilisation at around ...
... • Policies that provide a real or implicit price of carbon could create incentives for producers and consumers to significantly invest in low-GHG products, technologies and processes. • Such policies could include economic instruments, government funding and regulation • For stabilisation at around ...
Uncertainties of Climate Observation Data and Simulation Modelling
... “There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last fifty years is attributable to human activities”. The Earth’s climate system has markedly changed during the time period from the industrial revolution, with some changes having been of anthropogenic origin. The clim ...
... “There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last fifty years is attributable to human activities”. The Earth’s climate system has markedly changed during the time period from the industrial revolution, with some changes having been of anthropogenic origin. The clim ...
Climate modeling at various spatial and temporal scales: where can
... fully interactive, three-dimensional processes. In order to gain insight into the functioning of climate, the most complex models are not necessarily the most explicit; the type of model to be selected is therefore closely linked to the nature of the problem to be investigated (Henderson-Sellers and ...
... fully interactive, three-dimensional processes. In order to gain insight into the functioning of climate, the most complex models are not necessarily the most explicit; the type of model to be selected is therefore closely linked to the nature of the problem to be investigated (Henderson-Sellers and ...
The Structure of Economic Modeling of the Potential Impacts
... The planet has not seen CO2 levels as high as the current 400 ppm for at least 800,000 7 The equivalence comes from adding, in radiative forcing equivalent, across the GHGs. There are a number of ways to express GHG equivalent concentrations: “Kyoto” GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, and three fluorinated gasse ...
... The planet has not seen CO2 levels as high as the current 400 ppm for at least 800,000 7 The equivalence comes from adding, in radiative forcing equivalent, across the GHGs. There are a number of ways to express GHG equivalent concentrations: “Kyoto” GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, and three fluorinated gasse ...
Perceptions of agro-pastoralists towards the change in temperature
... science, and provide a chance to cross-validate the findings from scientific observations. This can have great implication in the data-deficit regions such as the higher Himalaya which has been declared as ‘white spot’ due to limited observations and understanding (IPCC, 2007). The studies from the ...
... science, and provide a chance to cross-validate the findings from scientific observations. This can have great implication in the data-deficit regions such as the higher Himalaya which has been declared as ‘white spot’ due to limited observations and understanding (IPCC, 2007). The studies from the ...
Ask for a camel when you expect to get a goat
... initiators of such claims or third parties “ (Tilly, 2008:5). Disagreements reflect the main fault line within the UNFCCC which has geographical, political and economic dimensions: differences between the powerful, industrialized developed countries of the North and those of the ‘developing ‘ countr ...
... initiators of such claims or third parties “ (Tilly, 2008:5). Disagreements reflect the main fault line within the UNFCCC which has geographical, political and economic dimensions: differences between the powerful, industrialized developed countries of the North and those of the ‘developing ‘ countr ...
PDF
... There are some doubts about whether a shift to more ‘El Niño-like’ conditions will actually occur. A review of ENSO simulation within 20 Global Circulation Models found that ‘those models that have the largest ENSO-like climate change also have the poorest simulation of ENSO variability’ (Collins 20 ...
... There are some doubts about whether a shift to more ‘El Niño-like’ conditions will actually occur. A review of ENSO simulation within 20 Global Circulation Models found that ‘those models that have the largest ENSO-like climate change also have the poorest simulation of ENSO variability’ (Collins 20 ...
The social construct of climate and climate change
... 2 competing images in the arena of public discourse: the (slow) climate and its changes, a n d the (fast) weather and climate variability (including naturally occurring rare extremes and multi-year anomalies). These 2 cognitive entities are (physically) not at all, or at most weakly, related to each ...
... 2 competing images in the arena of public discourse: the (slow) climate and its changes, a n d the (fast) weather and climate variability (including naturally occurring rare extremes and multi-year anomalies). These 2 cognitive entities are (physically) not at all, or at most weakly, related to each ...
Del Protocolo de Kioto a la Cumbre de Copenhague : cobertura del
... Table 1), these newspapers were selected because they were easy accessible at the Internet and their searching engines let us made an advanced search by years. Also, the origin countries of international newspapers were chosen because there was not much literature written about them and we considere ...
... Table 1), these newspapers were selected because they were easy accessible at the Internet and their searching engines let us made an advanced search by years. Also, the origin countries of international newspapers were chosen because there was not much literature written about them and we considere ...
02_Lunch_BWielicki Economic Value - A
... What is the Economic Value of Climate Science? • We have a few traceable estimates of the economic value of weather prediction • Climate scientists often say that the results from their research “will inform societal decisions with trillion dollar impacts” • But is this statement verified and trace ...
... What is the Economic Value of Climate Science? • We have a few traceable estimates of the economic value of weather prediction • Climate scientists often say that the results from their research “will inform societal decisions with trillion dollar impacts” • But is this statement verified and trace ...
Climate Change Awareness and Its Effects on Crop Output in
... Farmers generally used a mix of strategies in order to diversify the risk posed by climate change but focus primarily on one as presented in the table below. The fact that about 31 percent do not take any actions could indicate inability to do so, complacency or despair but no specific reasons were ...
... Farmers generally used a mix of strategies in order to diversify the risk posed by climate change but focus primarily on one as presented in the table below. The fact that about 31 percent do not take any actions could indicate inability to do so, complacency or despair but no specific reasons were ...
Global Commitment: Achieving the Less than 2
... sector, with less reliance on fossil fuels and switching to low‐carbon renewable energy sources and nuclear power complemented by carbon capture and storage. Significant improvements in energy efficiency for transport, industrial processes and buildings are also called for, together wit ...
... sector, with less reliance on fossil fuels and switching to low‐carbon renewable energy sources and nuclear power complemented by carbon capture and storage. Significant improvements in energy efficiency for transport, industrial processes and buildings are also called for, together wit ...
Evolutionary and plastic responses of freshwater invertebrates to
... were used, making the inference about genetic changes less strong. While the latter studies did not use F2 larvae, for W. smithii, it was, however, argued that any bias resulting from not having fully excluded the contribution of environmental effects from the field shaping the photoperiod response ...
... were used, making the inference about genetic changes less strong. While the latter studies did not use F2 larvae, for W. smithii, it was, however, argued that any bias resulting from not having fully excluded the contribution of environmental effects from the field shaping the photoperiod response ...
Dangerous human-made interference with climate
... The Earth’s atmospheric composition and surface properties are being altered by human activities. Some of the alterations are as large or larger than natural atmosphere and surface changes, even compared with natural changes that have occurred over hundreds of thousands of years. There is concern th ...
... The Earth’s atmospheric composition and surface properties are being altered by human activities. Some of the alterations are as large or larger than natural atmosphere and surface changes, even compared with natural changes that have occurred over hundreds of thousands of years. There is concern th ...
Natural and forced air temperature variability in the Labrador region
... to poor ice and snow conditions (Wolf et al. 2013). Regional climate models suggest that these conditions will occur more frequently due to regional warming expected to be on the order of 3 °C by 2038–2070 (Finnis 2013). However, relevant internal climate variability associated with North Atlantic s ...
... to poor ice and snow conditions (Wolf et al. 2013). Regional climate models suggest that these conditions will occur more frequently due to regional warming expected to be on the order of 3 °C by 2038–2070 (Finnis 2013). However, relevant internal climate variability associated with North Atlantic s ...
Karen M. Shell Associate Professor, Atmospheric Science Climate
... Coverage for Flanner, M. G., K. M. Shell, M. Barlage, D. K. Perovich, and M. A. Tschudi, 2011: • Oregon State University press release: http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2011/jan/newstudy-loss-reflectivity-arctic-double-estimate-climate-models • University of Michigan press release: http://ns.u ...
... Coverage for Flanner, M. G., K. M. Shell, M. Barlage, D. K. Perovich, and M. A. Tschudi, 2011: • Oregon State University press release: http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2011/jan/newstudy-loss-reflectivity-arctic-double-estimate-climate-models • University of Michigan press release: http://ns.u ...
Writing Sample Kimiko Nygaard – Technical Narrative (5 pages, Appendix)
... adapt and the two concepts frequently operate in opposition to one another. Hence by identifying components of the former process, measures of adaptation can be supported and enhanced to effectively counter the challenges presented by climate change. In the Himalayan region, vulnerability and adapta ...
... adapt and the two concepts frequently operate in opposition to one another. Hence by identifying components of the former process, measures of adaptation can be supported and enhanced to effectively counter the challenges presented by climate change. In the Himalayan region, vulnerability and adapta ...
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth`s
... make everything so bad, that our children maybe will not live in this world, for me it means that just if everyone starts with himself and do not trash and ravage the environment, we can save our planet from devastating global warming. Viktorija Aleksejeva 12 a ...
... make everything so bad, that our children maybe will not live in this world, for me it means that just if everyone starts with himself and do not trash and ravage the environment, we can save our planet from devastating global warming. Viktorija Aleksejeva 12 a ...
Climate change impacts on North African countries and on some
... Accordingly, water scarcity related to climate change is expected to have negative consequences on North Africa’s agriculture (El-Shaer et al., 1997). Water and land resources in North Africa are primarily used for agriculture. North Africa accounts for more than 41% (about 6 million hectares) of to ...
... Accordingly, water scarcity related to climate change is expected to have negative consequences on North Africa’s agriculture (El-Shaer et al., 1997). Water and land resources in North Africa are primarily used for agriculture. North Africa accounts for more than 41% (about 6 million hectares) of to ...
PandanusOctober2016 PDF
... Hawaiʻi Island in a new program entitled the UHH Manager Climate Corps (MCC). Within the MCC program and guided by its fundamental mission of “getting to know one’s neighbor,” the boot camp was an exploratory forum for the 57 cultural practitioners, managers, scientists, graduate students, and commu ...
... Hawaiʻi Island in a new program entitled the UHH Manager Climate Corps (MCC). Within the MCC program and guided by its fundamental mission of “getting to know one’s neighbor,” the boot camp was an exploratory forum for the 57 cultural practitioners, managers, scientists, graduate students, and commu ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.