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... one area from flooding may worsen it in other areas. Finally, current activities may enhance adaptation for short time but then worsen it in the future. For example, installing a sea wall that protects against a 100 centimeter sea level rise would encourage added investment in the protected area wou ...
... one area from flooding may worsen it in other areas. Finally, current activities may enhance adaptation for short time but then worsen it in the future. For example, installing a sea wall that protects against a 100 centimeter sea level rise would encourage added investment in the protected area wou ...
The Short-Term Temptations and Long
... of underaddressed environmental problems, combined with a perception that catastrophic warnings are needed to stimulate the public and policymakers to take urgent action. Doomsday scenarios may indeed catalyze public and policy action in the short term, but carry a “boy who cried wolf” risk over the ...
... of underaddressed environmental problems, combined with a perception that catastrophic warnings are needed to stimulate the public and policymakers to take urgent action. Doomsday scenarios may indeed catalyze public and policy action in the short term, but carry a “boy who cried wolf” risk over the ...
Limitations of integrated assessment models of climate change
... based on a judgment concerning the maximum tolerable increase in temperature and/or carbon dioxide levels given the state of scientific understanding. The appropriate role for economists would then be to determine the least-cost global strategy to achieve that target. While this remains a demanding ...
... based on a judgment concerning the maximum tolerable increase in temperature and/or carbon dioxide levels given the state of scientific understanding. The appropriate role for economists would then be to determine the least-cost global strategy to achieve that target. While this remains a demanding ...
Smith et al (2009
... atmosphere at a level that ‘‘would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference (DAI) with the climate system.’’ In an effort to provide some insight into impacts of climate change that might be considered DAI, authors of the Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Ch ...
... atmosphere at a level that ‘‘would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference (DAI) with the climate system.’’ In an effort to provide some insight into impacts of climate change that might be considered DAI, authors of the Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Ch ...
Introductory e-Course on Climate Change
... time” and in many countries the impacts of it are already felt. At the same time, it is still very difficult for many people not working directly on the subject to understand the basics of climate change. For example, which gases are actually contributing to the greenhouse gas effect? What temperatu ...
... time” and in many countries the impacts of it are already felt. At the same time, it is still very difficult for many people not working directly on the subject to understand the basics of climate change. For example, which gases are actually contributing to the greenhouse gas effect? What temperatu ...
Climate change and the impact of aerosol
... indirectly by modifying the properties of clouds. Black carbon causes warming, whereas all other aerosol causes cooling. The short lifetime of aerosols (days/weeks) means that their effects are more regional and less persistent into the future than those of the long lived greenhouse gases. Aerosol c ...
... indirectly by modifying the properties of clouds. Black carbon causes warming, whereas all other aerosol causes cooling. The short lifetime of aerosols (days/weeks) means that their effects are more regional and less persistent into the future than those of the long lived greenhouse gases. Aerosol c ...
Vol.11, No.2, 2011
... tion of the equatorial stratospheric circulation, and American savants, seems to have attracted which was obtained from observations of the geographical little attention. It is the ... strong fling from the eruptive colspread of the twilight phenomena occurring after the Auumn of Krakatoa of a vast s ...
... tion of the equatorial stratospheric circulation, and American savants, seems to have attracted which was obtained from observations of the geographical little attention. It is the ... strong fling from the eruptive colspread of the twilight phenomena occurring after the Auumn of Krakatoa of a vast s ...
the article (Word 298.5KB)
... as rapidly as possible. This will require fundamental and lasting changes in, amongst other things, the sources of energy, modes of transport and the nature of transport fuels, the management of land resources, and urban design. Such changes, and the policies required to achieve them, will have sign ...
... as rapidly as possible. This will require fundamental and lasting changes in, amongst other things, the sources of energy, modes of transport and the nature of transport fuels, the management of land resources, and urban design. Such changes, and the policies required to achieve them, will have sign ...
Trends in public attitudes to climate change
... policy discussion about climate change – found that participants were more concerned about climate change and its reality following the project.xix It was also found that over 90% of the 475 respondents thought that climate change is happening now, the vast majority of which blamed human activity.xx ...
... policy discussion about climate change – found that participants were more concerned about climate change and its reality following the project.xix It was also found that over 90% of the 475 respondents thought that climate change is happening now, the vast majority of which blamed human activity.xx ...
6-4 Charting a Course for the Future
... Between 20 and 50 kilometers above Earth's surface, the atmosphere contains a relatively high concentration of ozone gas. This layer of the atmosphere is called the ozone layer. The ozone layer absorbs a good deal of harmful ultraviolet, or UV, radiation from sunlight before it reaches Earth's surfa ...
... Between 20 and 50 kilometers above Earth's surface, the atmosphere contains a relatively high concentration of ozone gas. This layer of the atmosphere is called the ozone layer. The ozone layer absorbs a good deal of harmful ultraviolet, or UV, radiation from sunlight before it reaches Earth's surfa ...
Adress: Climate Change Program, CATIE, Turrialba - EfD
... vegetation biodiversity in a Monsoon forest of Tamil Nadu (India)”. Master of Science in Environmental Socioeconomics, School of Post-graduate of the Tropical Agriculture Research and Higher Education Centre (CATIE) Costa Rica. 2003-2004. Research title: Multi-disciplinary analysis of potable wate ...
... vegetation biodiversity in a Monsoon forest of Tamil Nadu (India)”. Master of Science in Environmental Socioeconomics, School of Post-graduate of the Tropical Agriculture Research and Higher Education Centre (CATIE) Costa Rica. 2003-2004. Research title: Multi-disciplinary analysis of potable wate ...
Climate Risk Management - Integrated Drought Management
... Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery Bureau for Development Policy/ Energy and Environment Group ...
... Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery Bureau for Development Policy/ Energy and Environment Group ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on BC Hydro`s Water Resources
... BC Hydro collaborates with leading scientists to assess impacts of climate change As part of its climate change adaptation strategy, BC Hydro has undertaken internal studies and worked with some of the world’s leading scientists in climatology, glaciology, and hydrology. BC Hydro teamed up with sci ...
... BC Hydro collaborates with leading scientists to assess impacts of climate change As part of its climate change adaptation strategy, BC Hydro has undertaken internal studies and worked with some of the world’s leading scientists in climatology, glaciology, and hydrology. BC Hydro teamed up with sci ...
Mainstreaming Water In Climate Change Adaptation
... lDC and SIDS to improve and develop shared understanding of: – impacts and vulnerability of freshwater resources and water related sectors to climate change; – practical adaptation planning and practices that reduces vulnerability of fresh water resources and water-related sectors; – data, informati ...
... lDC and SIDS to improve and develop shared understanding of: – impacts and vulnerability of freshwater resources and water related sectors to climate change; – practical adaptation planning and practices that reduces vulnerability of fresh water resources and water-related sectors; – data, informati ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... of CO 2 and other GHG emissions to changes in the future global climate and the potential resulting damages to the world economy continues to evolve rapidly. Thus, any value placed on reduced CO 2 emissions in this rulemaking is subject to change. DOE, together with other federal agencies, will cont ...
... of CO 2 and other GHG emissions to changes in the future global climate and the potential resulting damages to the world economy continues to evolve rapidly. Thus, any value placed on reduced CO 2 emissions in this rulemaking is subject to change. DOE, together with other federal agencies, will cont ...
filed a petition with the EPA - Center for International Environmental
... Approximately 90% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources occurs because of the combustion of fossil fuel.8 U.S. mobile sources are responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, in the United States, the fossil fuel CO2 emissions from cars and light t ...
... Approximately 90% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources occurs because of the combustion of fossil fuel.8 U.S. mobile sources are responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, in the United States, the fossil fuel CO2 emissions from cars and light t ...
Global warming in the public sphere
... century, the basic physical science underlying the theory and empirical evidence for global warming was supported through wartime and post-World War II scientific enterprise to master nuclear weaponry and understand how nuclear radiation and fallout would travel throughout the atmosphere and terrestr ...
... century, the basic physical science underlying the theory and empirical evidence for global warming was supported through wartime and post-World War II scientific enterprise to master nuclear weaponry and understand how nuclear radiation and fallout would travel throughout the atmosphere and terrestr ...
Climate Change - Kansas Newspapers in Education
... each gas's effect on climate change depends on three main factors: How much — People produce larger amounts of some greenhouse gases than others. Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas you hear people talk about the most. That's because we produce more carbon dioxide than any other greenhouse gas, and ...
... each gas's effect on climate change depends on three main factors: How much — People produce larger amounts of some greenhouse gases than others. Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas you hear people talk about the most. That's because we produce more carbon dioxide than any other greenhouse gas, and ...
Earth system sensitivity inferred from Pliocene modelling and data
... Quantifying the equilibrium response of global temperatures to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is one of the cornerstones of climate research. Components of the Earth’s climate system that vary over long timescales, such as ice sheets and vegetation, could have an important ...
... Quantifying the equilibrium response of global temperatures to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is one of the cornerstones of climate research. Components of the Earth’s climate system that vary over long timescales, such as ice sheets and vegetation, could have an important ...
Climatechange impacts on sandybeach biota: crossing a line in the
... (e.g., Cheung et al., 2009; Pike, 2013b), synthesis of observational evidence (Box 1) of such responses to contemporary climate change has until recently been neglected, especially for ocean systems (Poloczanska et al., 2013). Coastal systems supply disproportionate ecological services and benefits ...
... (e.g., Cheung et al., 2009; Pike, 2013b), synthesis of observational evidence (Box 1) of such responses to contemporary climate change has until recently been neglected, especially for ocean systems (Poloczanska et al., 2013). Coastal systems supply disproportionate ecological services and benefits ...
alongside the unfccc - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
... unlike CFCs and HCFCs are mentioned in Annex A of the Kyoto Protocol—they do not contribute to ozone depletion, so they are not regulated by the Montreal Protocol. This has led to different interpretations of which agreement is actually applicable. Moreover, the North-South context makes this issue ...
... unlike CFCs and HCFCs are mentioned in Annex A of the Kyoto Protocol—they do not contribute to ozone depletion, so they are not regulated by the Montreal Protocol. This has led to different interpretations of which agreement is actually applicable. Moreover, the North-South context makes this issue ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.