an inconvenient burden of proof? co2 nuisance plaintiffs will face
... fossil fuels.21 It is believed that CO2 concentrations began to slowly increase by the 19th Century at the dawn of the industrial revolution and to increase rapidly in the mid-20th Century after World War II.22 Because CO2 is a known “greenhouse gas,” scientists began to consider whether CO2 increas ...
... fossil fuels.21 It is believed that CO2 concentrations began to slowly increase by the 19th Century at the dawn of the industrial revolution and to increase rapidly in the mid-20th Century after World War II.22 Because CO2 is a known “greenhouse gas,” scientists began to consider whether CO2 increas ...
Updating the World on the Latest Climate Science
... based on the most credible and significant peer-reviewed literature available at the time of publication. The authors primarily comprise previous IPCC lead authors familiar with the rigor and completeness required for a scientific assessment of this nature. This report is freely available on the web ...
... based on the most credible and significant peer-reviewed literature available at the time of publication. The authors primarily comprise previous IPCC lead authors familiar with the rigor and completeness required for a scientific assessment of this nature. This report is freely available on the web ...
Climatechange impacts on sandybeach biota: crossing a line in the
... (e.g., Cheung et al., 2009; Pike, 2013b), synthesis of observational evidence (Box 1) of such responses to contemporary climate change has until recently been neglected, especially for ocean systems (Poloczanska et al., 2013). Coastal systems supply disproportionate ecological services and benefits ...
... (e.g., Cheung et al., 2009; Pike, 2013b), synthesis of observational evidence (Box 1) of such responses to contemporary climate change has until recently been neglected, especially for ocean systems (Poloczanska et al., 2013). Coastal systems supply disproportionate ecological services and benefits ...
alongside the unfccc - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
... unlike CFCs and HCFCs are mentioned in Annex A of the Kyoto Protocol—they do not contribute to ozone depletion, so they are not regulated by the Montreal Protocol. This has led to different interpretations of which agreement is actually applicable. Moreover, the North-South context makes this issue ...
... unlike CFCs and HCFCs are mentioned in Annex A of the Kyoto Protocol—they do not contribute to ozone depletion, so they are not regulated by the Montreal Protocol. This has led to different interpretations of which agreement is actually applicable. Moreover, the North-South context makes this issue ...
Adaptation and Mitigation Reponses to Climate Change
... intense storms or hurricanes, resulting winds or flooding, or more gradual risks like sea-level rise, i.e., actions that reduce the impacts of climate risks. Mitigation of climate risk, in contrast, refers to actions taken to reduce the likelihood as well as likely magnitude of global increases in t ...
... intense storms or hurricanes, resulting winds or flooding, or more gradual risks like sea-level rise, i.e., actions that reduce the impacts of climate risks. Mitigation of climate risk, in contrast, refers to actions taken to reduce the likelihood as well as likely magnitude of global increases in t ...
Bond DEG timeline and priorities 2015 Contents Purpose Work plan
... Bond DEG’s vision is a world of justice and equality, free from poverty, where we all live equitably within the resource capacity of our planet and where human rights and the environment are respected. Poverty eradication and sustainable development depend upon ensuring environmental sustainability; ...
... Bond DEG’s vision is a world of justice and equality, free from poverty, where we all live equitably within the resource capacity of our planet and where human rights and the environment are respected. Poverty eradication and sustainable development depend upon ensuring environmental sustainability; ...
Effects of global climate change on marine and estuarine fishes and
... a need to research the physiology and ecology of marine and estuarine fishes, particularly in the tropics where comparatively little research has been conducted. As a broader and deeper information base accumulates, researchers will be able to make more accurate predictions and forge relevant solutio ...
... a need to research the physiology and ecology of marine and estuarine fishes, particularly in the tropics where comparatively little research has been conducted. As a broader and deeper information base accumulates, researchers will be able to make more accurate predictions and forge relevant solutio ...
HAL presentation template
... National Centre for Rural Greenhouse Gas Research Research to inform policy – e.g. Australian Farm Institute & RIRDC Links with supply chain – AFGC and Landcare/Woolworths Horticulture Session – OUTLOOK 2010, Canberra - Tuesday 2nd March 2010 ...
... National Centre for Rural Greenhouse Gas Research Research to inform policy – e.g. Australian Farm Institute & RIRDC Links with supply chain – AFGC and Landcare/Woolworths Horticulture Session – OUTLOOK 2010, Canberra - Tuesday 2nd March 2010 ...
An Uncertain Future: law enforcement, national security and climate
... In April 2007, the UN Security Council held its first ever debate on the impact of climate change on international peace and security. 1 That this was the first time the Council had debated the issue shows just how recently political attention has begun to focus on the potential links between climat ...
... In April 2007, the UN Security Council held its first ever debate on the impact of climate change on international peace and security. 1 That this was the first time the Council had debated the issue shows just how recently political attention has begun to focus on the potential links between climat ...
Phillip_Staddon___Winter_Mortality
... Huang C & Barnett A. Winter weather and health. Nature Clim Change (2014): ...
... Huang C & Barnett A. Winter weather and health. Nature Clim Change (2014): ...
The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific and El Niño
... Pacific could change even if ENSO itself does not. In this paper we review the current state of knowledge of how the mean climate of the tropical Pacific and the ENSO cycle may be affected by global climate change. The scope of the review is restricted to changes in the physical climate system that ...
... Pacific could change even if ENSO itself does not. In this paper we review the current state of knowledge of how the mean climate of the tropical Pacific and the ENSO cycle may be affected by global climate change. The scope of the review is restricted to changes in the physical climate system that ...
Chapter 5: Pacific Island Developing Country Water Resources and
... As one commentator has observed, “[O]ne ironic and tragic aspect of this environmental crisis of greenhouse emissions is the fact that those parts of the world least responsible for creating the global warming problem will be the first to suffer its horrifying consequences” (Panjabi 1993, Burns 2000 ...
... As one commentator has observed, “[O]ne ironic and tragic aspect of this environmental crisis of greenhouse emissions is the fact that those parts of the world least responsible for creating the global warming problem will be the first to suffer its horrifying consequences” (Panjabi 1993, Burns 2000 ...
A Student`s Guide to Global Climate Change
... people will need to keep cool by using air conditioning, which uses a lot of electricity. However, some people might need less energy to heat buildings in the winter because it may not get as cold as it used to be. Climate change could also make it harder to produce certain types of electricity, suc ...
... people will need to keep cool by using air conditioning, which uses a lot of electricity. However, some people might need less energy to heat buildings in the winter because it may not get as cold as it used to be. Climate change could also make it harder to produce certain types of electricity, suc ...
The Copenhagen Diagnosis - Climate Change Research Centre
... based on the most credible and significant peer-reviewed literature available at the time of publication. The authors primarily comprise previous IPCC lead authors familiar with the rigor and completeness required for a scientific assessment of this nature. This report is freely available on the web ...
... based on the most credible and significant peer-reviewed literature available at the time of publication. The authors primarily comprise previous IPCC lead authors familiar with the rigor and completeness required for a scientific assessment of this nature. This report is freely available on the web ...
1. a) Climate Variability-Bd-Frog Extinctions b) Hydric restriction, Te
... shifts, which are increasing with GCC, benefit pathogens more than hosts. – faster metabolisms of parasites should allow them to acclimate more quickly to unpredictable temperature shifts, especially for ectothermic hosts – parasites have fewer cells and processes to adjust and generally withstand g ...
... shifts, which are increasing with GCC, benefit pathogens more than hosts. – faster metabolisms of parasites should allow them to acclimate more quickly to unpredictable temperature shifts, especially for ectothermic hosts – parasites have fewer cells and processes to adjust and generally withstand g ...
McCarl, B.A., J. Chen, and A. Thayer, "Climate change and food
... The literature is beginning to detect trends across multiple study areas such as the finding that increases in the number of hot nights has led to increased rice yields but decreases in quality (Porter et al., 2014). Additionally, climate change also has been found to influence technological progres ...
... The literature is beginning to detect trends across multiple study areas such as the finding that increases in the number of hot nights has led to increased rice yields but decreases in quality (Porter et al., 2014). Additionally, climate change also has been found to influence technological progres ...
0302_Hemer_STAR_2010_WindWave
... Test robustness of these results using other available datasets, with the focus being on the full Pacific basin ...
... Test robustness of these results using other available datasets, with the focus being on the full Pacific basin ...
Climate Change Full English.qxd
... Since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997, jurisdictions around the world and in Canada have been developing strategies to address the environment and economic challenge of climate change. We recognize Nunavut’s responsibility to contribute to this initiative in order to support Canada’s posit ...
... Since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997, jurisdictions around the world and in Canada have been developing strategies to address the environment and economic challenge of climate change. We recognize Nunavut’s responsibility to contribute to this initiative in order to support Canada’s posit ...
Standards and Suggestions
... Assessment Boundary: The assessment of quantitative observations should be limited to whole numbers and relative measures such as warmer or cooler. 2-ESS2-3. Obtain information to identify where water is found on Earth and that it can be solid or liquid. ...
... Assessment Boundary: The assessment of quantitative observations should be limited to whole numbers and relative measures such as warmer or cooler. 2-ESS2-3. Obtain information to identify where water is found on Earth and that it can be solid or liquid. ...
Even several of the wetter runs yield increasing drought due to the
... (PDSI < -3) occurred during 1953-1956, an event rivaled during 2000-2003. The average annual Lees Ferry flow was only 10 maf during both events, but the recent drought bears different properties than its predecessor. In particular, abnormally high temperatures have been more prevalent during the 200 ...
... (PDSI < -3) occurred during 1953-1956, an event rivaled during 2000-2003. The average annual Lees Ferry flow was only 10 maf during both events, but the recent drought bears different properties than its predecessor. In particular, abnormally high temperatures have been more prevalent during the 200 ...
Future Climate: Projected Average
... Southwest and is closely related to Chapter 7, which is concerned with the implications of climate change on shorter period phenomena, especially extreme events. The projections derive from the outcomes of several global climate models, and associated “downscaled” regional climate simulations, using ...
... Southwest and is closely related to Chapter 7, which is concerned with the implications of climate change on shorter period phenomena, especially extreme events. The projections derive from the outcomes of several global climate models, and associated “downscaled” regional climate simulations, using ...
Climate Change on the Millennial Timescale
... study the implications to the year 3000 of six long-term carbon dioxide emissions scenarios: (A) minimum emissions (1130GtC) (B) business as usual followed by a rapid cessation in emissions (2660GtC) (C) rapid and (D) slow combustion of all 4000GtC conventional fossil fuel reserves (E, F) the additi ...
... study the implications to the year 3000 of six long-term carbon dioxide emissions scenarios: (A) minimum emissions (1130GtC) (B) business as usual followed by a rapid cessation in emissions (2660GtC) (C) rapid and (D) slow combustion of all 4000GtC conventional fossil fuel reserves (E, F) the additi ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.